植物甾醇降血脂作用的研究进展
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摘要
植物甾醇广泛存在于植物中,具有多种生物活性,尤其是降血脂作用。现查阅文献,概述了植物甾醇的理化性质、生物活性、应用及安全性,并对其降血脂作用及相关机制进行了综述,可为降血脂药物的研发提供新思路和新方向。
Phytosterol is widely found in plants and has a variety of biological activities,most notably the hypolipidemic effect.This paper reviews the physicochemical properties,biological activity,application and safety of phytosterols,and reviews theeffects of phytosterols on blood lipids and its mechanisms,providing new ideas and new directions for the research anddevelopment of hypolipidemic drugs.
Phytosterol is widely found in plants and has a variety of biological activities,most notably the hypolipidemic effect.This paper reviews the physicochemical properties,biological activity,application and safety of phytosterols,and reviews theeffects of phytosterols on blood lipids and its mechanisms,providing new ideas and new directions for the research anddevelopment of hypolipidemic drugs.
引文
[1]国家卫生和计划生育委员会疾病预防控制局.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015.
[2]丁文清,董虹孛,米杰.中国儿童青少年血脂异常流行现状Meta分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(1):71-77.
[3]郭金来.科学应对人口老龄化的基本路径[J].党政论坛,2018,8:24-26.
[4]陈伟伟,高润霖,刘力生,等.《中国心血管病报告2016》概要[J].中国循环杂志,2017,32(6):521-530.
[5]李剑虹,王丽敏,米生权,等.2010年我国成年人血脂异常知晓率和治疗率及控制率调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2012,46(8):687-691.
[5]梁艳,张英,吴晓琴.植物甾醇的提取分离和分析检测方法研究进展[J].中国粮油学报,2006,21(3):1-7.
[7]谢心美,郝海鑫,何剑斌.植物甾醇的生理功能及其应用[J].草业科学,2013,30(12):2105-2109.
[8]管伟举,谷克仁.植物甾醇研究进展[J].粮食与油脂,2006,31(3):5-9.
[9]Musaveloso K,Poon TH,Elliot JA,et al.A comparison of the LDL-cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanols and plant sterols over a continuous dose range:Results of a metaanalysis of randomized,placebo-controlled trials[J].Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids,2011,85(1):9-28.
[10]Yamada K,Sato-Mito N,Nagata J,et al.Health claim evidence requirements in Japan[J].J Nutr,2008,138(6):1192-1198.
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[12]张莉华,许新德,邵斌,等.植物甾醇毒理学安全性评价[J].中国油脂,2010,35(5):19-22.
[13]Weststrate JA,Ayesh R,Bauer-Plank C,et al.Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters.Part 4.Faecal concentrations of bile acids and neutral sterols in healthy normolipidaemic volunteers consuming a controlled diet either with or without a phytosterol ester-enriched margarine[J].Food Chem Toxicol,1999,37(11):1063-1071.
[14]Chen Q,Gruber H,Swist E,et al.Influence of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols on diastolic blood pressure and the expression of blood pressure regulatory genes in SHRSPand WKY inbred rats[J].Br J Nutr,2009,102(1):93-101.
[15]Assmann G,Cullen P,Erbey J,et al.Plasma sitosterol elevations are associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men:Results of a nested case-control analysis of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster(PROCAM)study[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2006,16(1):13-21.
[16]代广辉,王敏.植物甾醇性质、功能及其在食品中的应用[J].开封教育学院学报,2016,36(2):261-262.
[17]Pinedo S,Vissers MN,Von BK,et al.Plasma levels of plant sterols and the risk of coronary artery disease:The prospective EPIC-Norfolk population study[J].J Lipid Res,2007,48(1):139-144.
[18]周宝兰.植物甾醇的应用[J].中国油脂,1992,27(4):33-38.
[19]王玉,刘滨城,任运宏,等.植物甾醇酯对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂作用研究[J].食品科学,2011,32(17):326-329.
[20]曹玫,欧阳露.植物甾醇的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展[J].实用药物与临床,2015,18(9):1104-1107.
[21]宋冬雪,汲晨锋,季宇彬.植物甾醇抗肿瘤作用研究进展[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2011,32(4):79-81.
[22]Bouic PJ,Clark A,Lamprecht J,et al.The effects of B-sitosterol(BSS)and B-sitosterol glucoside(BSSG)mixture on selected immune parameters of marathon runners:Inhibition of post marathon immune suppression and inflammation[J].Int J Sports Med,1999,20(4):258-262.
[23]Awaisheh SS,Khalifeh MS,Al-Ruwaili MA,et al.Effect of supplementation of probiotics and phytosterols alone or in combination on serum and hepatic lipid profiles and thyroid hormones of hypercholesterolemic rats[J].J Dairy Science,2013,96(1):9-15.
[24]赵国志,刘喜亮,刘智锋.植物甾醇及其产品开发利用(下)[J].粮食与油脂,2006,3:3-8.
[25]诸骏仁,高润霖,赵水平,等.中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)[J].中国循环杂志,2016,31(10):937-953.
[26]Jacobson TA,Ito MK,Maki KC,et al.National lipid association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia[J].J Clin Lipido,2015,9(6):111-122.
[27]Baigent C,Blackwell L,Emberson,et al.Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol:Ameta-analysis of data from 170000 participants in 26 randomised trials[J].Lancet,2010,376(13):1670-1681.
[28]Lichtenstein AH,Appel LJ,Brands M,et al.Summary of American heart association diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2006,26(10):2186-2191.
[29]Wang P,Chen YM,He LP,et al.Association of natural intake of dietary plant sterols with carotid intima-media thickness and blood lipids in Chinese adults:A cross-section study[J].Plos One,2012,7(3):1-7.
[30]Klingberg S,Ellegard L,Johansson I,et al.Inverse relation between dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols and serum cholesterol in northern Sweden[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2008,87(4):993-1001.
[31]Mckenney JM,Jenks BH,Shneyvas E,et al.A Softgeldietary supplement containing esterified plant sterols and stanols improves the blood lipid profile of adults with primary hypercholesterolemia:A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled replication study[J].J Acad Nutr Diet,2014,114(2):244-249.
[32]Hallikainen MA,Sarkkinen ES,Uusitupa MIJ.Plant stanol esters affect serum cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men and women in a dose-dependent manner[J].J Nutr,2000,130(4):767-776.
[33]Noakes M,Clifton PM,Doornbos AM,et al.Plant sterol ester-enriched milk and yoghurt effectively reduce serum cholesterol in modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects[J].Eur J Nutr,2005,44(4):214-222.
[34]Scholle JM,Baker WL,Talati R,et al.The effect of adding plant sterols or stanols to statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients:Systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Am Coll Nutr,2009,28(5):517-524.
[35]Jakulj L,Trip MD,Sudhop T,et al.Inhibition of cholesterol absorption by the combination of dietary plant sterols and ezetimibe effects on plasma lipid levels[J].J Lipid Res,2005,46(12):2692-2698.
[36]Lin X,Racette SB,Lefevre M,et al.Combined effects of ezetimibe and phytosterols on cholesterol metabolism:Arandomized,controlled feeding study in humans[J].Circulation,2011,124(5):596-601.
[37]Vanstone CA,Raeini-Sarjaz M,Jones PJ.Injected phytosterols/stanols suppress plasma cholesterol levels in hamsters[J].J Nutr Biochem,2001,12(10):565-574.
[38]徐祎冰,杨爽,刘红兵.植物甾醇肠道吸收研究进展[J].中国海洋药物,2016,35(6):93-98.
[39]Jong AD,Plat J,Bast A,et al.Effects of plant sterol and stanol ester consumption on lipid metabolism,antioxidant status and markers of oxidative stress,endothelial function and low-grade inflammation in patients on current statin treatment[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2008,62(2):263-273.
[40]Altmann SW,Davis HR,Zhu LJ,et al.Niemann-Pick C1Like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption[J].Science,2004,303(20):1201-1204.
[41]Plat J,Mensink RP.Effects of plant stanol esters on LDLreceptor protein expression and on LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression in mononuclear blood cells of healthy men and women[J].FASEB J,2002,16(2):258-260.
[42]Shin J,Kim YJ,Choi MS,et al.Phytosterols and lecithin do not have an additive effect in lowering plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats[J].Biofactors,2004,22(1-4):173-175.
[43]Ho SS,Sebely P.Margarine phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2intestinal cells[J].Atherosclerosis,2005,182(1):29-36.
[44]Homma Y,Ikeda I,Ishikawa T,et al.Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein B,cholesteryl ester transfer protein,and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread:Arandomized,placebo-controlled trial[J].Nutrition,2003,19(4):369-374.
[2]丁文清,董虹孛,米杰.中国儿童青少年血脂异常流行现状Meta分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(1):71-77.
[3]郭金来.科学应对人口老龄化的基本路径[J].党政论坛,2018,8:24-26.
[4]陈伟伟,高润霖,刘力生,等.《中国心血管病报告2016》概要[J].中国循环杂志,2017,32(6):521-530.
[5]李剑虹,王丽敏,米生权,等.2010年我国成年人血脂异常知晓率和治疗率及控制率调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2012,46(8):687-691.
[5]梁艳,张英,吴晓琴.植物甾醇的提取分离和分析检测方法研究进展[J].中国粮油学报,2006,21(3):1-7.
[7]谢心美,郝海鑫,何剑斌.植物甾醇的生理功能及其应用[J].草业科学,2013,30(12):2105-2109.
[8]管伟举,谷克仁.植物甾醇研究进展[J].粮食与油脂,2006,31(3):5-9.
[9]Musaveloso K,Poon TH,Elliot JA,et al.A comparison of the LDL-cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanols and plant sterols over a continuous dose range:Results of a metaanalysis of randomized,placebo-controlled trials[J].Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids,2011,85(1):9-28.
[10]Yamada K,Sato-Mito N,Nagata J,et al.Health claim evidence requirements in Japan[J].J Nutr,2008,138(6):1192-1198.
[11]Moreau RA,Whitaker BD,Hicks KB.Phytosterols,phytostanols,and their conjugates in foods:Structural diversity,quantitative analysis,and health-promoting uses[J].Prog Lipid Res,2002,41(6):457-500.
[12]张莉华,许新德,邵斌,等.植物甾醇毒理学安全性评价[J].中国油脂,2010,35(5):19-22.
[13]Weststrate JA,Ayesh R,Bauer-Plank C,et al.Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters.Part 4.Faecal concentrations of bile acids and neutral sterols in healthy normolipidaemic volunteers consuming a controlled diet either with or without a phytosterol ester-enriched margarine[J].Food Chem Toxicol,1999,37(11):1063-1071.
[14]Chen Q,Gruber H,Swist E,et al.Influence of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols on diastolic blood pressure and the expression of blood pressure regulatory genes in SHRSPand WKY inbred rats[J].Br J Nutr,2009,102(1):93-101.
[15]Assmann G,Cullen P,Erbey J,et al.Plasma sitosterol elevations are associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men:Results of a nested case-control analysis of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster(PROCAM)study[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2006,16(1):13-21.
[16]代广辉,王敏.植物甾醇性质、功能及其在食品中的应用[J].开封教育学院学报,2016,36(2):261-262.
[17]Pinedo S,Vissers MN,Von BK,et al.Plasma levels of plant sterols and the risk of coronary artery disease:The prospective EPIC-Norfolk population study[J].J Lipid Res,2007,48(1):139-144.
[18]周宝兰.植物甾醇的应用[J].中国油脂,1992,27(4):33-38.
[19]王玉,刘滨城,任运宏,等.植物甾醇酯对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂作用研究[J].食品科学,2011,32(17):326-329.
[20]曹玫,欧阳露.植物甾醇的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展[J].实用药物与临床,2015,18(9):1104-1107.
[21]宋冬雪,汲晨锋,季宇彬.植物甾醇抗肿瘤作用研究进展[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2011,32(4):79-81.
[22]Bouic PJ,Clark A,Lamprecht J,et al.The effects of B-sitosterol(BSS)and B-sitosterol glucoside(BSSG)mixture on selected immune parameters of marathon runners:Inhibition of post marathon immune suppression and inflammation[J].Int J Sports Med,1999,20(4):258-262.
[23]Awaisheh SS,Khalifeh MS,Al-Ruwaili MA,et al.Effect of supplementation of probiotics and phytosterols alone or in combination on serum and hepatic lipid profiles and thyroid hormones of hypercholesterolemic rats[J].J Dairy Science,2013,96(1):9-15.
[24]赵国志,刘喜亮,刘智锋.植物甾醇及其产品开发利用(下)[J].粮食与油脂,2006,3:3-8.
[25]诸骏仁,高润霖,赵水平,等.中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)[J].中国循环杂志,2016,31(10):937-953.
[26]Jacobson TA,Ito MK,Maki KC,et al.National lipid association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia[J].J Clin Lipido,2015,9(6):111-122.
[27]Baigent C,Blackwell L,Emberson,et al.Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol:Ameta-analysis of data from 170000 participants in 26 randomised trials[J].Lancet,2010,376(13):1670-1681.
[28]Lichtenstein AH,Appel LJ,Brands M,et al.Summary of American heart association diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2006,26(10):2186-2191.
[29]Wang P,Chen YM,He LP,et al.Association of natural intake of dietary plant sterols with carotid intima-media thickness and blood lipids in Chinese adults:A cross-section study[J].Plos One,2012,7(3):1-7.
[30]Klingberg S,Ellegard L,Johansson I,et al.Inverse relation between dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols and serum cholesterol in northern Sweden[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2008,87(4):993-1001.
[31]Mckenney JM,Jenks BH,Shneyvas E,et al.A Softgeldietary supplement containing esterified plant sterols and stanols improves the blood lipid profile of adults with primary hypercholesterolemia:A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled replication study[J].J Acad Nutr Diet,2014,114(2):244-249.
[32]Hallikainen MA,Sarkkinen ES,Uusitupa MIJ.Plant stanol esters affect serum cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men and women in a dose-dependent manner[J].J Nutr,2000,130(4):767-776.
[33]Noakes M,Clifton PM,Doornbos AM,et al.Plant sterol ester-enriched milk and yoghurt effectively reduce serum cholesterol in modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects[J].Eur J Nutr,2005,44(4):214-222.
[34]Scholle JM,Baker WL,Talati R,et al.The effect of adding plant sterols or stanols to statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients:Systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Am Coll Nutr,2009,28(5):517-524.
[35]Jakulj L,Trip MD,Sudhop T,et al.Inhibition of cholesterol absorption by the combination of dietary plant sterols and ezetimibe effects on plasma lipid levels[J].J Lipid Res,2005,46(12):2692-2698.
[36]Lin X,Racette SB,Lefevre M,et al.Combined effects of ezetimibe and phytosterols on cholesterol metabolism:Arandomized,controlled feeding study in humans[J].Circulation,2011,124(5):596-601.
[37]Vanstone CA,Raeini-Sarjaz M,Jones PJ.Injected phytosterols/stanols suppress plasma cholesterol levels in hamsters[J].J Nutr Biochem,2001,12(10):565-574.
[38]徐祎冰,杨爽,刘红兵.植物甾醇肠道吸收研究进展[J].中国海洋药物,2016,35(6):93-98.
[39]Jong AD,Plat J,Bast A,et al.Effects of plant sterol and stanol ester consumption on lipid metabolism,antioxidant status and markers of oxidative stress,endothelial function and low-grade inflammation in patients on current statin treatment[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2008,62(2):263-273.
[40]Altmann SW,Davis HR,Zhu LJ,et al.Niemann-Pick C1Like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption[J].Science,2004,303(20):1201-1204.
[41]Plat J,Mensink RP.Effects of plant stanol esters on LDLreceptor protein expression and on LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression in mononuclear blood cells of healthy men and women[J].FASEB J,2002,16(2):258-260.
[42]Shin J,Kim YJ,Choi MS,et al.Phytosterols and lecithin do not have an additive effect in lowering plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats[J].Biofactors,2004,22(1-4):173-175.
[43]Ho SS,Sebely P.Margarine phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2intestinal cells[J].Atherosclerosis,2005,182(1):29-36.
[44]Homma Y,Ikeda I,Ishikawa T,et al.Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein B,cholesteryl ester transfer protein,and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread:Arandomized,placebo-controlled trial[J].Nutrition,2003,19(4):369-374.