基于电阻型频率选择表面吸波体的低雷达散射截面微带天线设计
|
摘要
基于拓扑优化方法设计了一种轻质、宽带、大入射角的频率选择表面吸波体,并将其应用于微带天线以缩减雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)。吸波体在6.3~20GHz频段内的吸收率大于90%,并且在TE和TM两种极化下,当入射角增加至50°时仍保持在80%以上。将该吸波体以盖板形式加载到微带天线,在保证天线原有辐射特性不变的情况下,天线RCS的缩减在6.3~20GHz频带内大于3dBsm,在10.6~12GHz频带(天线工作频段:10.37~10.90GHz)内大于10dBsm。此外,由于选用泡沫材料作为基体,密度仅为0.35g/cm3,加载微带天线后增重很小。实验结果证明:与加载其他吸波材料的低散射截面微带天线相比,该微带天线不仅具有宽带RCS缩减特性,还具有重量小的优势。
Based on the topology optimization and genetic algorithm(GA),a kind of meta-material absorbers with wide-band,polarization-insensitive and light-weight is proposed and applied to radar cross section(RCS)reduction of antennas by using resistive frequency selective surface(RFSS).Specific absorption of absorbers in range of frequency band 6.3~20GHz is greater than 90% and this can remain above 80%when the incident angle increases to 50°under conditions of TE and TM polarization-independent.The absorber is loaded to the microstrip antenna with a cover plate form,and the reduction of antennas RCS is greater than 3dBsm in range of frequency band 6.3~20GHz,and is greater than 10 dBsm in range of fre-quency band 10.37~10.90 GHz under conditions that the original radiation characteristic of antennas is unchanged.As an application example of this absorber,a low-RCS microstrip patch antenna is designed by mounting the absorber on substrate of the antenna.The RFSS absorber is made of carbon films attached on light-weight foam.The area density is only 0.35g/cm3.The microstrip antenna designed is low RCS,light?weight,and low-profile,and such antennas possess importance application values in stealthy technologies.
Based on the topology optimization and genetic algorithm(GA),a kind of meta-material absorbers with wide-band,polarization-insensitive and light-weight is proposed and applied to radar cross section(RCS)reduction of antennas by using resistive frequency selective surface(RFSS).Specific absorption of absorbers in range of frequency band 6.3~20GHz is greater than 90% and this can remain above 80%when the incident angle increases to 50°under conditions of TE and TM polarization-independent.The absorber is loaded to the microstrip antenna with a cover plate form,and the reduction of antennas RCS is greater than 3dBsm in range of frequency band 6.3~20GHz,and is greater than 10 dBsm in range of fre-quency band 10.37~10.90 GHz under conditions that the original radiation characteristic of antennas is unchanged.As an application example of this absorber,a low-RCS microstrip patch antenna is designed by mounting the absorber on substrate of the antenna.The RFSS absorber is made of carbon films attached on light-weight foam.The area density is only 0.35g/cm3.The microstrip antenna designed is low RCS,light?weight,and low-profile,and such antennas possess importance application values in stealthy technologies.
引文
[1]J L Volakis,A Alexanian,J M Lin.Broadband RCS Reduction of Rectangular Patch by Using Distributed Loading[J].Electron Lett,1992,28(25):2322-2323.
[2]W Jiang,Y Liu,S Gong,et al.Application of Bionics in Antenna Radar Cross Section Reduction[J].IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett,2009,8:1275-1278.
[3]孙良奎,程海峰,周永江,等.一种基于超材料的吸波材料的设计与制备[J].物理学报,2011,60(10):10108901.SUN Liangkui,CHENG Haifeng,ZHOU Yongjiang,et al.Design and Preparation of a Radar-absorbing Material Based on Metamaterial[J].Acta Phys Sin,2011,60(10):10108901.(in Chinese)
[4]Pendry J B,Holden A J,Stewart W J,et al.Extremely low Frequency Plasmons in Metallic Mesostructures[J].Physical review letters,1996,76(25):4773.
[5]Landy N I,Sajuyigbe S,Mock J J,et al.Perfect Metamaterial Absorber[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,100(20):207402.
[6]Grady N K,Heyes J E,Chowdhury D R,et al.Terahertz Metamaterials for Linear Polarization Conversion and Anomalous Refraction[J].Science,2013,340(6138):1304-1307.
[7]H Li Ultrathin Multiband Gigahertz Metamaterial Absorbers[J].J Appl Phys,2011,110:014909.
[8]S Gu,J P Barrett,T H Hand,et al.A broadband Low-reflection Metamaterial Absorber[J].J Appl Phys,2010,108:064913.
[9]Y H Liu,S Gu,C R Luo,et al.Ultra-thin Broadband metamaterial Absorber[J].Appl Phys A,2012,108:19-24.
[10]Michielssen E,Sajer J M,Ranjithan S,et al.Design of Lightweight,Broad-Band Microwave Absorbers Using Genetic Algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1993,41(6):1024-1031.
[11]Cui S,Weile D S,Volakis J L.Novel Planar Electromagnetic Absorber Designs Using Genetic Algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(6):1811-1817.
[12]Kova′cs P,Raida Z,Lukes Z.Design and Optimization of Periodic Structures For Simultaneous EBG and AMC Operation[C]//The 15th International Conference on Microwave Techniques(COMITE).IEEE,2010:195-198.
[13]Pang Y Q,Cheng H F,Zhou Y J,et al.Analysis and Enhancement of the Bandwidth of Ultrathin Absorbers Based on High-impedance Surface[J].J Phys D,Appl Phys,2012,45(21):215104.
[14]屈绍波,王甲富,马华,等.超材料设计及其在隐身技术中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:237-261.QU Shaobo,WANG Jiafu,MA Hua,et al.Metamaterial Design and Applications in Stealth Technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013:237-261.(in Chinese)
[15]常红伟,马华,屈绍波,等.遗传算法在超材料优化设计中的应用及实现[J].空军工程大学学报:自然科学版,2014,15(3)89-92.CHANG Hongwei,MA Hua,QU Shaobo,et al.A Design and Realization of Optimization of Meta-material Based on Genetic Algorithm[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University:Natural Science Edition,2014,15(3):89-92.(in Chinese)
[16]常红伟,马华,张介秋,等.基于加权实数编码遗传算法的超材料优化设计[J].物理学报,2014,63(8):087804.CHANG Hongwei,MA Hua,ZHANG Jieqiu,et al.Optimation of Metamaterial Based Weighted Real-coded Genetic Algorithm[J].Acta Phys Sin,2014,63(8):087804.(in Chinese)
[2]W Jiang,Y Liu,S Gong,et al.Application of Bionics in Antenna Radar Cross Section Reduction[J].IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett,2009,8:1275-1278.
[3]孙良奎,程海峰,周永江,等.一种基于超材料的吸波材料的设计与制备[J].物理学报,2011,60(10):10108901.SUN Liangkui,CHENG Haifeng,ZHOU Yongjiang,et al.Design and Preparation of a Radar-absorbing Material Based on Metamaterial[J].Acta Phys Sin,2011,60(10):10108901.(in Chinese)
[4]Pendry J B,Holden A J,Stewart W J,et al.Extremely low Frequency Plasmons in Metallic Mesostructures[J].Physical review letters,1996,76(25):4773.
[5]Landy N I,Sajuyigbe S,Mock J J,et al.Perfect Metamaterial Absorber[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,100(20):207402.
[6]Grady N K,Heyes J E,Chowdhury D R,et al.Terahertz Metamaterials for Linear Polarization Conversion and Anomalous Refraction[J].Science,2013,340(6138):1304-1307.
[7]H Li Ultrathin Multiband Gigahertz Metamaterial Absorbers[J].J Appl Phys,2011,110:014909.
[8]S Gu,J P Barrett,T H Hand,et al.A broadband Low-reflection Metamaterial Absorber[J].J Appl Phys,2010,108:064913.
[9]Y H Liu,S Gu,C R Luo,et al.Ultra-thin Broadband metamaterial Absorber[J].Appl Phys A,2012,108:19-24.
[10]Michielssen E,Sajer J M,Ranjithan S,et al.Design of Lightweight,Broad-Band Microwave Absorbers Using Genetic Algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1993,41(6):1024-1031.
[11]Cui S,Weile D S,Volakis J L.Novel Planar Electromagnetic Absorber Designs Using Genetic Algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(6):1811-1817.
[12]Kova′cs P,Raida Z,Lukes Z.Design and Optimization of Periodic Structures For Simultaneous EBG and AMC Operation[C]//The 15th International Conference on Microwave Techniques(COMITE).IEEE,2010:195-198.
[13]Pang Y Q,Cheng H F,Zhou Y J,et al.Analysis and Enhancement of the Bandwidth of Ultrathin Absorbers Based on High-impedance Surface[J].J Phys D,Appl Phys,2012,45(21):215104.
[14]屈绍波,王甲富,马华,等.超材料设计及其在隐身技术中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:237-261.QU Shaobo,WANG Jiafu,MA Hua,et al.Metamaterial Design and Applications in Stealth Technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013:237-261.(in Chinese)
[15]常红伟,马华,屈绍波,等.遗传算法在超材料优化设计中的应用及实现[J].空军工程大学学报:自然科学版,2014,15(3)89-92.CHANG Hongwei,MA Hua,QU Shaobo,et al.A Design and Realization of Optimization of Meta-material Based on Genetic Algorithm[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University:Natural Science Edition,2014,15(3):89-92.(in Chinese)
[16]常红伟,马华,张介秋,等.基于加权实数编码遗传算法的超材料优化设计[J].物理学报,2014,63(8):087804.CHANG Hongwei,MA Hua,ZHANG Jieqiu,et al.Optimation of Metamaterial Based Weighted Real-coded Genetic Algorithm[J].Acta Phys Sin,2014,63(8):087804.(in Chinese)