中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合产量优势形成及其形态生理特征
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摘要
以中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合甬优2640、甬优1640为材料,常规粳稻镇稻11、武运粳30和杂交籼稻丰两优香1号、新两优6380为对照,比较各类型品种在干物质积累、穗部特征、叶片形态及茎秆特性上的差异。结果表明,甬优籼粳杂交稻两年平均产量为11.3 t/hm~2(11.1、11.4 t/hm~2),较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高6.6%和13.0%;产量构成上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的每穗粒数和群体颖花量显著高于对照,有效穗数、结实率和千粒重低于对照;甬优籼粳杂交稻抽穗期、成熟期的干物质量及抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量依次为13.4 t/hm2、21.6 t/hm~2、6.9 t/hm~2,均显著高于对照;穗部特征上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的单穗质量和着粒密度高于对照,穗长略低于杂交籼稻,近80%的籽粒集中于中上部,而常规粳稻75%的籽粒集中于中下部,杂交籼稻籽粒分布相对匀称;甬优籼粳杂交稻上3叶的叶宽和卷曲率高于对照,叶长和叶基角处于对照之间(以杂交籼稻最大),披垂度最低,上部1、3叶差异显著;株高、穗高、秆长及穗下节间占秆长的比例以杂交籼稻>甬优籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻;成熟期单茎茎干质量、单茎鞘干质量及基部节间单位长度干质量以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高。中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合产量优势特征为足穗基础上,主攻大穗,并保持较高的结实率和千粒重;形态生理特征表现为籽粒集中于中上部,上3叶大小适宜,叶片内卷且直立,株高及穗下节间占秆长的比例适中,成熟期茎秆充实度好。
A field experiment was conducted to study the differences of dry matter accumulation,panicle traits,leaf morphology traits and culm traits in different types of rice varieties,using medium-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice(Yongyou 2640,Yongyou 11640)as the material,conventional japonica rice(Zhengdao 11,Wuyungeng 30)and hybrid indica rice(Fengliangyouxiang 1,Xinliangyou 6380) as the control.The results were as follows: the grain yield of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice was 11.3t/hm~2,which was 6.6% and 13.0% higher than that of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice,respectively.As for yield components,Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice had highest spikelets per panicle and total spikelets among the different type of rice varieties,but its 1 000-grain weight,seed setting rate and effective panicles were lower than CK.The dry matter of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice was 13.4 t/hm~2 at heading stage and 21.6 t/hm~2 at maturity stage(6.9 t/hm~2 from heading to maturity),significantly higher than CK.In terms of panicle traits,Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids rice had the highest grain weight per panicle and grain density,but its panicle length was less than hybrid indica rice.The 80% grains of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were concentrated on the middle and upper part of the panicle,while the 75% grains of conventional japonica rice were concentrated on the middle and lower part of the panicle,and the grains of hybrid indica rice distributed relatively uniform.The leaf width and rolling rate of the top-three leaves of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were higher than CK.The top-three leaves of hybrid indica rice had medium leaf length and basic leaf angle.Drooping angle of the top-three leaves of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were lower than CK,and the differences of the top 1 leaf and top 3 leaf were significant.The plant height,panicle height,stalk length and the proportion of neck internode to stalk length showed hybrid indica rice>Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice>conventional japonica rice.Among the different type of rice varieties,Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice had the highest dry weight of stem,sheath and per unit internode at maturity stage.The yield advantage of medium-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were characterized by enough spikes and large spike,higher seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight.The morphological and physiological charac-teristic of medium-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were showed that grains concentrated on middle and upper part of panicle,appropriate size of top-three leaves,curled and upright leaves,moderate plant height,suitable ratio of neck internode to stalk length,and good fullness degree of stem at maturity stage.
A field experiment was conducted to study the differences of dry matter accumulation,panicle traits,leaf morphology traits and culm traits in different types of rice varieties,using medium-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice(Yongyou 2640,Yongyou 11640)as the material,conventional japonica rice(Zhengdao 11,Wuyungeng 30)and hybrid indica rice(Fengliangyouxiang 1,Xinliangyou 6380) as the control.The results were as follows: the grain yield of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice was 11.3t/hm~2,which was 6.6% and 13.0% higher than that of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice,respectively.As for yield components,Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice had highest spikelets per panicle and total spikelets among the different type of rice varieties,but its 1 000-grain weight,seed setting rate and effective panicles were lower than CK.The dry matter of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice was 13.4 t/hm~2 at heading stage and 21.6 t/hm~2 at maturity stage(6.9 t/hm~2 from heading to maturity),significantly higher than CK.In terms of panicle traits,Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids rice had the highest grain weight per panicle and grain density,but its panicle length was less than hybrid indica rice.The 80% grains of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were concentrated on the middle and upper part of the panicle,while the 75% grains of conventional japonica rice were concentrated on the middle and lower part of the panicle,and the grains of hybrid indica rice distributed relatively uniform.The leaf width and rolling rate of the top-three leaves of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were higher than CK.The top-three leaves of hybrid indica rice had medium leaf length and basic leaf angle.Drooping angle of the top-three leaves of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were lower than CK,and the differences of the top 1 leaf and top 3 leaf were significant.The plant height,panicle height,stalk length and the proportion of neck internode to stalk length showed hybrid indica rice>Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice>conventional japonica rice.Among the different type of rice varieties,Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice had the highest dry weight of stem,sheath and per unit internode at maturity stage.The yield advantage of medium-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were characterized by enough spikes and large spike,higher seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight.The morphological and physiological charac-teristic of medium-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice were showed that grains concentrated on middle and upper part of panicle,appropriate size of top-three leaves,curled and upright leaves,moderate plant height,suitable ratio of neck internode to stalk length,and good fullness degree of stem at maturity stage.
引文
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[2]Yang J C,Zhang J H,Liu L J,et al.Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica/Indica hybrid rice subjected to postanthesis water deficits[J].Agron J,2002,94:102-109.
[3]林建荣,宋昕蔚,吴明国.4份籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的生物学特性及其杂种优势利用[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(6):656-662.
[4]陆永法,马荣荣,王晓燕,等.甬优系列杂交水稻SSR标记指纹图谱和籼粳属性[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(4):443-446.
[5]吴明国,林建荣,宋昕蔚,等.籼粳亚种间杂交水稻新组合春优84的选育[J].杂交水稻,2014,29(2):19-21.
[6]王林友,张礼霞,勾晓霞,等.利用Indel标记鉴定浙优系列杂交稻籼粳属性和预测杂种优势[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1 243-1 255.
[7]胡雅杰,朱大伟,钱海军,等.籼粳杂交稻甬优2640钵苗机插超高产群体若干特征探讨[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):2 016-2 027.
[8]王晓燕,韦还和,张洪程,等.水稻甬优12产量13.5 t/hm2以上超高产群体的生育特征[J].作物学报,2014,40(12):2 149-2 159.
[9]林建荣,宋昕蔚,吴明国,等.籼粳超级杂交稻育种技术创新与品种培育[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(2):207-218.
[10]Wei H H,Li C,Xing Z P,et al.Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].China.J Integr Agric,2016,15:50-62.
[11]姜元华,张洪程,赵可,等.长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(6):621-631.
[12]姜元华,许轲,赵可,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性[J].作物学报,2015,41(2):286-296.
[13]韦还和,孟天瑶,李超,等.甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析[J].作物学报,2016,42(2):265-277.
[14]姜元华,张洪程,赵可,等.机插条件下籼粳杂交稻茎秆的抗倒性评价及成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):19-29.
[15]姜元华,许俊伟,赵可,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻根系形态与生理特征[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):89-99.
[16]许恒道,潘启明,齐运田,等.赣化2号亩产1 800斤以上田块群体及其调控技术[J].中国农业科学,1984,57:71-84.
[17]Yoshida H,Horie T,Shiraiwa T.A model explaining genotypic and environment variation of rice spikelet number per unit area measured by cross-location experiments in Asia[J].Field Crop Res,2006,97:337-343.
[18]吴文革,张洪程,吴桂成,等.超级稻群体籽粒库容特征的初步研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(2):250-257.
[19]杨惠杰,李义珍,杨仁崔,等.超高产水稻的干物质生产特性研究[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(4):265-270.
[20]姚立生,高恒广,杨立彬,等.江苏省五十年代以来中籼稻品种产量及有关性状的演变[J].江苏农业学报,1990,6(3):38-44.
[21]Mohapatra P K,Sahu S K.Heterogeneity of primary branch development and spikelet survival in rice in relation to assimilates of primary branches[J].J Exp Bot,1991,42:871-879.
[22]杨建昌,杜永,吴长付,等.超高产粳型水稻发育特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(7):1 336-1 345.
[23]孟天瑶,许俊伟,邵子彬,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力的优势及形成特征[J].作物学报,2015,41(11):1 711-1 725.
[24]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000.
[25]Murata Y,Matsushima S.In Crop Physiology,ed.L.T.Evans[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1975.
[26]韦还和,姜元华,赵可,等.甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2 201-2 210.
[27]花劲,周年兵,张军,等.双季晚稻甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产结构与群体形成特征[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(5):1 023-1 034.
[28]韦还和,孟天瑶,李超,等.籼粳交超级稻甬优538的穗部特征及籽粒灌浆特性[J].作物学报,2015,4(12):1 858-1 869.
[29]杨建昌.水稻弱势粒灌浆机理与调控途径[J].作物学报,2010,36(12):2 011-2 019.
[30]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨[J].中国农业科学,1993,26(6):1-11.
[31]吕川根,邹江石.两个超级杂交稻与汕优63光合株型的比较分析[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(6):633-639.
[32]孟天瑶,李晓芸,李超,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻中熟高产品系的株型特征[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(2):170-180.
[33]马均,马文波,明东风,等.重穗型水稻株型特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4):679-685.
[34]杨惠杰,杨仁崔,李艺珍,等.水稻茎秆性状与抗倒性的关系[J].福建农业学报,2000,15(2):1-7.
[35]苏祖芳,张亚洁,孙成明.水稻高产株型指标的研究[J].中国稻米,2003(4):5-6.
[36]韦还和,姜元华,赵可,等.甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2 201-2 210.
[2]Yang J C,Zhang J H,Liu L J,et al.Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica/Indica hybrid rice subjected to postanthesis water deficits[J].Agron J,2002,94:102-109.
[3]林建荣,宋昕蔚,吴明国.4份籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的生物学特性及其杂种优势利用[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(6):656-662.
[4]陆永法,马荣荣,王晓燕,等.甬优系列杂交水稻SSR标记指纹图谱和籼粳属性[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(4):443-446.
[5]吴明国,林建荣,宋昕蔚,等.籼粳亚种间杂交水稻新组合春优84的选育[J].杂交水稻,2014,29(2):19-21.
[6]王林友,张礼霞,勾晓霞,等.利用Indel标记鉴定浙优系列杂交稻籼粳属性和预测杂种优势[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1 243-1 255.
[7]胡雅杰,朱大伟,钱海军,等.籼粳杂交稻甬优2640钵苗机插超高产群体若干特征探讨[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):2 016-2 027.
[8]王晓燕,韦还和,张洪程,等.水稻甬优12产量13.5 t/hm2以上超高产群体的生育特征[J].作物学报,2014,40(12):2 149-2 159.
[9]林建荣,宋昕蔚,吴明国,等.籼粳超级杂交稻育种技术创新与品种培育[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(2):207-218.
[10]Wei H H,Li C,Xing Z P,et al.Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].China.J Integr Agric,2016,15:50-62.
[11]姜元华,张洪程,赵可,等.长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(6):621-631.
[12]姜元华,许轲,赵可,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性[J].作物学报,2015,41(2):286-296.
[13]韦还和,孟天瑶,李超,等.甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析[J].作物学报,2016,42(2):265-277.
[14]姜元华,张洪程,赵可,等.机插条件下籼粳杂交稻茎秆的抗倒性评价及成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):19-29.
[15]姜元华,许俊伟,赵可,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻根系形态与生理特征[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):89-99.
[16]许恒道,潘启明,齐运田,等.赣化2号亩产1 800斤以上田块群体及其调控技术[J].中国农业科学,1984,57:71-84.
[17]Yoshida H,Horie T,Shiraiwa T.A model explaining genotypic and environment variation of rice spikelet number per unit area measured by cross-location experiments in Asia[J].Field Crop Res,2006,97:337-343.
[18]吴文革,张洪程,吴桂成,等.超级稻群体籽粒库容特征的初步研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(2):250-257.
[19]杨惠杰,李义珍,杨仁崔,等.超高产水稻的干物质生产特性研究[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(4):265-270.
[20]姚立生,高恒广,杨立彬,等.江苏省五十年代以来中籼稻品种产量及有关性状的演变[J].江苏农业学报,1990,6(3):38-44.
[21]Mohapatra P K,Sahu S K.Heterogeneity of primary branch development and spikelet survival in rice in relation to assimilates of primary branches[J].J Exp Bot,1991,42:871-879.
[22]杨建昌,杜永,吴长付,等.超高产粳型水稻发育特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(7):1 336-1 345.
[23]孟天瑶,许俊伟,邵子彬,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力的优势及形成特征[J].作物学报,2015,41(11):1 711-1 725.
[24]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000.
[25]Murata Y,Matsushima S.In Crop Physiology,ed.L.T.Evans[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1975.
[26]韦还和,姜元华,赵可,等.甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2 201-2 210.
[27]花劲,周年兵,张军,等.双季晚稻甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产结构与群体形成特征[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(5):1 023-1 034.
[28]韦还和,孟天瑶,李超,等.籼粳交超级稻甬优538的穗部特征及籽粒灌浆特性[J].作物学报,2015,4(12):1 858-1 869.
[29]杨建昌.水稻弱势粒灌浆机理与调控途径[J].作物学报,2010,36(12):2 011-2 019.
[30]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨[J].中国农业科学,1993,26(6):1-11.
[31]吕川根,邹江石.两个超级杂交稻与汕优63光合株型的比较分析[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(6):633-639.
[32]孟天瑶,李晓芸,李超,等.甬优系列籼粳杂交稻中熟高产品系的株型特征[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(2):170-180.
[33]马均,马文波,明东风,等.重穗型水稻株型特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4):679-685.
[34]杨惠杰,杨仁崔,李艺珍,等.水稻茎秆性状与抗倒性的关系[J].福建农业学报,2000,15(2):1-7.
[35]苏祖芳,张亚洁,孙成明.水稻高产株型指标的研究[J].中国稻米,2003(4):5-6.
[36]韦还和,姜元华,赵可,等.甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2 201-2 210.