药用乔木树种猴耳环研究现状及开发利用前景
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  • 英文篇名:The Research Status and Utilization Prospect of Medicinal Tree Species of Archidendron clypearia
  • 作者:李梅 ; 黄世能 ; 陈祖旭 ; 马星宇 ; 金文云
  • 英文作者:Li Mei;Huang Shineng;Chen Zuxu;Ma Xingyu;Jin Wenyun;Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry;
  • 关键词:药用树种 ; 猴耳环 ; 研究现状 ; 利用前景
  • 英文关键词:medicinal tree species;;Archidendron clypearia;;current status;;utilization prospect
  • 中文刊名:LYKE
  • 英文刊名:Scientia Silvae Sinicae
  • 机构:中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所;
  • 出版日期:2018-04-15
  • 出版单位:林业科学
  • 年:2018
  • 期:v.54
  • 基金:广东省科技计划(2017A020213002);; 广东省林业科技创新(2017KJCX004);; 广州市林业和园林局(穗林园科信合[2016]03号)
  • 语种:中文;
  • 页:LYKE201804017
  • 页数:13
  • CN:04
  • ISSN:11-1908/S
  • 分类号:145-157
摘要
介绍药用乔木树种学名及科属分类演变、形态特征、生活习性和天然分布,综述其药用、资源、栽培研究进展和现状,指明其当前研究和应用所面临的问题和解决办法,并对其开发利用前景进行展望。关于猴耳环的研究多集中在药材鉴别、化学成分、药理药效、临床疗效、药品制剂及质量监控等方面,其根、枝、叶、果实均可入药,具有清热解毒、凉血消肿、去湿敛疮等功效,主要含黄酮类、儿茶酚类和鞣质等化合物,已成功提纯并鉴别出的化学成分有40多种,经过验证的有效药用成分主要为没食子酸、槲皮素、槲皮甘等。已通过临床验证并推广使用的猴耳环复方制剂有正胃片,单一制剂药物有猴耳环消炎片、消炎胶囊、消炎颗粒等,这些药物既可单独又能辅佐用于治疗上呼吸道感染、急性咽喉炎、急性扁桃体炎和急性肠胃炎等症,且疗效显著。猴耳环药材需求量越来越多,而现有商品药材几乎都来源于野生资源,过度的采伐利用已使野生资源急剧减少,药材原料严重供不应求。目前对猴耳环种子贮藏、萌发及实生苗培育技术和扦插、组培繁殖技术等培育方面的相关研究和技术尚不成熟,还需要进一步改进和完善。猴耳环不仅在人类健康用药方面前景广阔,而且在研制生物源农药、用于园林绿化、木材加工和发展林业经济等方面也有较高的发展潜力,全方位开发和利用猴耳环树种资源意义重大。总之,保护现有猴耳环野生资源,改进和完善其栽培技术是当务之急;多领域交叉合作、共同研究和全方位开发利用猴耳环是未来发展趋势;培育符合未来发展方向的良种资源,提高全树综合利用技术水平,是未来研究重点;建立大型猴耳环生产基地,进行多目标定向经营和产业化利用,是猴耳环树种全方位造福人类社会的最终发展目标。
        Archidendron clypearia is a traditional Chinese medicinal tree species,it has widely been used in folk for a long history,and the researches and applications in the modern medicine field are more and more extensive. This paper briefly introduced the Latin names and taxonomy evolution, morphological characteristics, life habits and natural distribution of the tree species. The research progress and current status of its medicine,resources and cultivation were reviewed,the problems and solutions for its current research and applications were pointed out,and the prospect of its development and utilization was also prospected. Up to now,researches on A. clypearia at home and abroad are mainly concentrated in the aspects such as medicinal materials identification, chemical constituents, pharmacology and pharmacodynamics,clinical curative effects,as well as its pharmaceutical preparations and quality control of them. Its roots,twigs,leaves and fruits can all be used for medicine,which has obvious effects of clearing away heat and detoxification,cooling blood and detumescence,eliminating rheumatism and astringing sores,etc. Its major chemical compounds include flavonoids,catechols,tannides,which have been successfully purified and identified in more than forty chemical constituents,and the effective medicinal constituents are mainly Gallic acid,quercetin and quercitrin."Zheng Wei Pian"is a kind of compound medicine of it,while "Houerhuan antiphlogistic tablets","Houerhuan antiphlogistic capsule",and "Houerhuan antiphlogistic particles"are all single ingredient medicines made from it,all of them have been clinically verified effective in treatment and have been popularized in clinical use. These medicines can beclinically used for not only exclusive but also adjuvant treatments of such diseases as upper respiratory tract infection,acute pharyngitis,acute tonsillitis,acute gastroenteritis and so on,both of the two kind of treatments have significant effect. More and more medicinal materials of A. clypearia are demanded,but almost all of the commercial medicinal materials are still harvested from wild resources,excessive harvest has made a sharp decrease in wild resources and caused the serious supply shortage of the raw medicinal materials. Present cultivation researches on A. clypearia,including those on seed storage,seed germination and seedling cultivation technology,as well as those on cutting propagation and tissue culture techniques,are still at the preliminary status,it needs further technical improvement and perfection before turning the present cultivation technologies into practical technologies and being widely used in seedling production. Studies show that A. clypearia not only has a bright future in use of drugs for human health,but also has giant development potential in such areas as biological pesticide,landscaping,wood processing and utilization,and forestry economy and so on,it is of great significance to develop and utilize A. clypearia all around. In conclusion,it is imperative to protect the existing wild resources of A. clypearia,to improve and perfect its cultivation technology at present The future development directions are to carry out multi-field cooperation,common research and comprehensive exploitation and utilization of the tree species. It is the focus of future research directions to breed valuable varieties to meet the future needs and to improve the comprehensive utilization technology of the whole tree; and it is the ultimate development goal to establish large scale production bases of A. clypearia,to carry out multi-objective management and industrial utilization of it,and to make it fully benefit human society.
引文
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