芦苇腐解土中酚酸类化感物质的水分响应特性研究
|
摘要
芦苇和虉草均具有较强的去污能力,常作为湿地植物配置于同一人工湿地进行污水处理。芦苇作为一种强化感植物对虉草具有较强的化感作用,在自然湿地和人工湿地中均会出现芦苇代替虉草的现象,且这一现象的发生与土壤含水量存在一定联系,此外,芦苇腐解土对虉草的化感抑制效应与腐解土中总酚酸的量密切相关。为了研究芦苇腐解土中主要酚酸类物质的水分响应特性,筛选出其中对水分响应较为明显的酚酸物质种类,该研究采用高效液相色谱法,通过芦苇枯落物腐解土的制备,对不同水分环境下芦苇腐解土中酚酸类物质进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明:芦苇腐解土中可分离出没食子酸、香豆酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、水杨酸和苯甲酸等8种酚酸类物质,其中香豆酸、苯甲酸和阿魏酸等3种酚酸类物质含量较高。分离出的8种酚酸类物质的含量与腐解土的相对含水量均呈显著线性负相关关系,即随着腐解土相对含水量的上升,酚酸类物质的含量均呈现下降趋势,且各种酚酸类物质对水分的响应趋势均可用线性方程较好地拟合。其中,香豆酸、没食子酸和阿魏酸对芦苇腐解土的水分响应最为明显。因此,可将香豆酸、没食子酸和阿魏酸作为主要调控目标,通过调控湿地土壤中水分含量,削弱芦苇对虉草的化感抑制效应,从而维持人工湿地中虉草芦苇群落的长期稳定共存。
Both Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea have strong detergency capabilities and are often deployed as wetland plants in the same constructed wetland for sewage treatment. As a kind of allelopathic plant,Phragmites australis has strong allelopathy effects on Phalaris arundinacea and P. arundinacea would be instead of Phragmites australis in both natural wetland and constructed wetland. This phenomenon is related to the soil moisture content and the allelopathic inhibitory effect of P. australis decomposing soil on Phalaris arundinacea is closely related to the amount of total phenolic acids in the decomposing soil. Therefore,high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to separate and identify phenolic acids substances in Phragmites australis decomposing soil under different moisture content conditions to select the types of phenolic acids that the most obvious responded to moisture in this paper. The competition balance between P. australis and Phalaris arundinacea can be achieved through the regulation of wetland soil moisture,therefore,the long-term stable coexistence of the two species in the constructed wetland can be achieved. The results showed that eight kinds of phenolic acids were separated and identified,which were gallic acid,coumaric acid,vanillic acid,syringic acid,p-coumaric acid,ferulic acid,salicylic acid,and benzoic acid,respectively. The contents of three kinds of phenolic acids of coumaric acid,benzoic acid,and ferulic acid were higher among eight kinds of identified phenolic acids. There was a significant linear negative correlation between content of every identified phenolic acid and the relative moisture content of the Phragmites australis decomposing soil. With the increase of relative moisture content of P. australis decomposing soil,content of every identified phenolic acid showed a downward trend,and the response curve of content of every identified phenolic acid to the relative moisture content of P. australis decomposing soil could be fitted well with a linear equation. Responses of coumarinic acid,gallic acid,and ferulic acid to soil moisture were the most obvious among eight kinds of identified phenolic acids. Therefore,coumanic acid,gallic acid,and ferulic acid can be used as the main regulatory targets,the allelopathic inhibitory effects of P. australis on Phalaris arundinacea can be weakened by regulating the moisture content of wetland soil so as to maintain the stability of Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea community.
Both Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea have strong detergency capabilities and are often deployed as wetland plants in the same constructed wetland for sewage treatment. As a kind of allelopathic plant,Phragmites australis has strong allelopathy effects on Phalaris arundinacea and P. arundinacea would be instead of Phragmites australis in both natural wetland and constructed wetland. This phenomenon is related to the soil moisture content and the allelopathic inhibitory effect of P. australis decomposing soil on Phalaris arundinacea is closely related to the amount of total phenolic acids in the decomposing soil. Therefore,high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to separate and identify phenolic acids substances in Phragmites australis decomposing soil under different moisture content conditions to select the types of phenolic acids that the most obvious responded to moisture in this paper. The competition balance between P. australis and Phalaris arundinacea can be achieved through the regulation of wetland soil moisture,therefore,the long-term stable coexistence of the two species in the constructed wetland can be achieved. The results showed that eight kinds of phenolic acids were separated and identified,which were gallic acid,coumaric acid,vanillic acid,syringic acid,p-coumaric acid,ferulic acid,salicylic acid,and benzoic acid,respectively. The contents of three kinds of phenolic acids of coumaric acid,benzoic acid,and ferulic acid were higher among eight kinds of identified phenolic acids. There was a significant linear negative correlation between content of every identified phenolic acid and the relative moisture content of the Phragmites australis decomposing soil. With the increase of relative moisture content of P. australis decomposing soil,content of every identified phenolic acid showed a downward trend,and the response curve of content of every identified phenolic acid to the relative moisture content of P. australis decomposing soil could be fitted well with a linear equation. Responses of coumarinic acid,gallic acid,and ferulic acid to soil moisture were the most obvious among eight kinds of identified phenolic acids. Therefore,coumanic acid,gallic acid,and ferulic acid can be used as the main regulatory targets,the allelopathic inhibitory effects of P. australis on Phalaris arundinacea can be weakened by regulating the moisture content of wetland soil so as to maintain the stability of Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea community.
引文
BREZINOVA T,VYMAZAL J,2014.Competition of Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow-does it affect BOD5,COD and TS[J].Ecol Eng,73(73):53-57.
CASALS P,ROMANYàJ,CORTINA J,et al.,2000.CO2,efflux from a Mediterranean semi-arid forest soil.I.Seasonality and effects of stoniness[J].Biogeochemistry,48(3):261-281.
CHEN QS,LI LH,HAN XG,et al.,2003.Effects of water content on soil respiration and the mechanisms[J].Acta Ecol Sin,23(5):972-978.[陈全胜,李凌浩,韩兴国,等,2003.水分对土壤呼吸的影响及机理[J].生态学报,23(5):972-978.]
FU WG,WANG FK,YIN QL,et al.,2015.Niche dynamics of species in succession process in the wetland of Yangtze Rivers Lower Reach[J].Plant Ecol Evol,148(1):43-51.
FU WG,TIAN YF,TANG JJ,et al.,2013.Allelopathtic effects of Phragmites communis aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth of Phalaris arundinacea[J].Guihaia,33(2):154-158.[付为国,田远飞,汤涓涓,等,2013.芦苇浸提液对虉草种子萌发及幼苗生长生理特性的影响[J].广西植物,33(2):154-158.]
FU WG,YING QL,LI PP,et al.,2015.The effect of allelopathic effect of decompose Phragmites from Zhenjiang riverside wetland to the growth index of Phalaris arundinacea[J].Wetl Sci,13(1):118-123.[付为国,尹淇淋,李萍萍,等,2015.镇江滨江湿地芦苇腐解物化感作用对虉草生长指标的影响[J].湿地科学,13(1):118-123.]
KEFELI VI,KALEVITCH MV,BORSARI B,et al.,2003.Phenolic cycle in plants and environment[J].J Mol Cell Biol,(2):13-18.
LIU JY,YANG XD,XU LZ,et al.,2002.Studies on the separation and determination of natural phenolic acids by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography[J].Chin JChrom,20(3):245-248[刘江云,杨学东,徐丽珍,等,2002.天然酚酸类化合物的反相高效液相色谱分析[J].色谱,20(3):245-248.]
LIU C,CHEN XD,WU M,et al.,2014.The effect of reedleaf blade effect on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Solidago canadensis L.[J].Acta Agr Sin,23(3):182-190.[刘成,陈晓德,吴明,等,2014.芦苇叶片化感作用对加拿大一枝黄花生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].草业学报,23(3):182-190.]
LIN J,YIN QY,YANG B,et al.,2007.Review of allelopathy of plants[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,23(1):68-72.[林娟,殷全玉,杨丙,等,2007.植物化感作用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,23(1):68-72.]
LI K,GUO XW,GUO YS,et al.,2014.Allelopathy of grape root decomposition and isolation and identification of phenolic acids[J].J Fruit Sci,28(5):776-781.[李坤,郭修武,郭印山,等,2014.葡萄根系腐解物的化感效应及酚酸类化感物质的分离鉴定[J].果树学报,28(5):776-781.]
NAKAI S,ZHOU S,HOSOMI M,et al.,2006.Allelopathic growth inhibition of cyano bacteria by reed[J].Allelopathy J,18(2):277-285.
WANG CQ,LIU Q,LI L,et al.,2011.Review of studies on allelopathy in plants[J].J Anhui Agric Sci,39(21):12633-12636.[王春晴,刘强,李蕾,等,2011.植物化感作用研究动态[J].安徽农业科学,39(21):12633-12636.]
WU LJ,2014.Study on allelopathy of phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil of panax notoginseng and its intervention measures[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.[吴立洁,2014.三七根际土壤中酚酸类物质化感作用及其干预措施研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学.]
YING QL,2015.Allelopathy of Phragmites australis and its response to water environment[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University.[尹淇淋,2015.芦苇对虉草的化感抑制效应及其水环境响应特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学.]
ZHANG JY,SUN XT,CHEN JW,et al.,2017.Allelochemical detection from rhizosphere soil of continuous-cropping Panax notoginseng and effects of the extracts on seed germination of three crops[J].J Southern Agric,48(7):1178-1184.[张金燕,孙雪婷,陈军文,等,2017.连作三七根际土壤化感物质检测及其提取液对三种作物种子萌发的影响[J].南方农业学报,48(7):1178-1184.]
ZHENG K,ZHAN FG,ZHANG Q,et al.,2009.Allelopathy of Phragmites australis on Spartina alterniflora under different salinity[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,20(8):1863-1867.[郑琨,赵福庚,张茜,等,2009.盐度变化条件下芦苇对互花米草的化感效应[J].应用生态学报,20(8):1863-1867.]
ZHUANG Y,SUN YX,WANG ZS,et al.,2010.Research advances in ecotypes of Phragmites australis[J].Acta Ecol Sin,30(8):2173-2181.[庄瑶,孙一香,王中生,等,2010.芦苇生态型研究进展[J].生态学报,30(8):2173-2181.]
CASALS P,ROMANYàJ,CORTINA J,et al.,2000.CO2,efflux from a Mediterranean semi-arid forest soil.I.Seasonality and effects of stoniness[J].Biogeochemistry,48(3):261-281.
CHEN QS,LI LH,HAN XG,et al.,2003.Effects of water content on soil respiration and the mechanisms[J].Acta Ecol Sin,23(5):972-978.[陈全胜,李凌浩,韩兴国,等,2003.水分对土壤呼吸的影响及机理[J].生态学报,23(5):972-978.]
FU WG,WANG FK,YIN QL,et al.,2015.Niche dynamics of species in succession process in the wetland of Yangtze Rivers Lower Reach[J].Plant Ecol Evol,148(1):43-51.
FU WG,TIAN YF,TANG JJ,et al.,2013.Allelopathtic effects of Phragmites communis aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth of Phalaris arundinacea[J].Guihaia,33(2):154-158.[付为国,田远飞,汤涓涓,等,2013.芦苇浸提液对虉草种子萌发及幼苗生长生理特性的影响[J].广西植物,33(2):154-158.]
FU WG,YING QL,LI PP,et al.,2015.The effect of allelopathic effect of decompose Phragmites from Zhenjiang riverside wetland to the growth index of Phalaris arundinacea[J].Wetl Sci,13(1):118-123.[付为国,尹淇淋,李萍萍,等,2015.镇江滨江湿地芦苇腐解物化感作用对虉草生长指标的影响[J].湿地科学,13(1):118-123.]
KEFELI VI,KALEVITCH MV,BORSARI B,et al.,2003.Phenolic cycle in plants and environment[J].J Mol Cell Biol,(2):13-18.
LIU JY,YANG XD,XU LZ,et al.,2002.Studies on the separation and determination of natural phenolic acids by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography[J].Chin JChrom,20(3):245-248[刘江云,杨学东,徐丽珍,等,2002.天然酚酸类化合物的反相高效液相色谱分析[J].色谱,20(3):245-248.]
LIU C,CHEN XD,WU M,et al.,2014.The effect of reedleaf blade effect on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Solidago canadensis L.[J].Acta Agr Sin,23(3):182-190.[刘成,陈晓德,吴明,等,2014.芦苇叶片化感作用对加拿大一枝黄花生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].草业学报,23(3):182-190.]
LIN J,YIN QY,YANG B,et al.,2007.Review of allelopathy of plants[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,23(1):68-72.[林娟,殷全玉,杨丙,等,2007.植物化感作用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,23(1):68-72.]
LI K,GUO XW,GUO YS,et al.,2014.Allelopathy of grape root decomposition and isolation and identification of phenolic acids[J].J Fruit Sci,28(5):776-781.[李坤,郭修武,郭印山,等,2014.葡萄根系腐解物的化感效应及酚酸类化感物质的分离鉴定[J].果树学报,28(5):776-781.]
NAKAI S,ZHOU S,HOSOMI M,et al.,2006.Allelopathic growth inhibition of cyano bacteria by reed[J].Allelopathy J,18(2):277-285.
WANG CQ,LIU Q,LI L,et al.,2011.Review of studies on allelopathy in plants[J].J Anhui Agric Sci,39(21):12633-12636.[王春晴,刘强,李蕾,等,2011.植物化感作用研究动态[J].安徽农业科学,39(21):12633-12636.]
WU LJ,2014.Study on allelopathy of phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil of panax notoginseng and its intervention measures[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.[吴立洁,2014.三七根际土壤中酚酸类物质化感作用及其干预措施研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学.]
YING QL,2015.Allelopathy of Phragmites australis and its response to water environment[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University.[尹淇淋,2015.芦苇对虉草的化感抑制效应及其水环境响应特性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学.]
ZHANG JY,SUN XT,CHEN JW,et al.,2017.Allelochemical detection from rhizosphere soil of continuous-cropping Panax notoginseng and effects of the extracts on seed germination of three crops[J].J Southern Agric,48(7):1178-1184.[张金燕,孙雪婷,陈军文,等,2017.连作三七根际土壤化感物质检测及其提取液对三种作物种子萌发的影响[J].南方农业学报,48(7):1178-1184.]
ZHENG K,ZHAN FG,ZHANG Q,et al.,2009.Allelopathy of Phragmites australis on Spartina alterniflora under different salinity[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,20(8):1863-1867.[郑琨,赵福庚,张茜,等,2009.盐度变化条件下芦苇对互花米草的化感效应[J].应用生态学报,20(8):1863-1867.]
ZHUANG Y,SUN YX,WANG ZS,et al.,2010.Research advances in ecotypes of Phragmites australis[J].Acta Ecol Sin,30(8):2173-2181.[庄瑶,孙一香,王中生,等,2010.芦苇生态型研究进展[J].生态学报,30(8):2173-2181.]