胶州湾生源要素的大气沉降及其生态效应研究进展
|
摘要
作为受人类活动影响显著的典型半封闭海湾,胶州湾生源要素的大气沉降研究在掲示人为污染物质排放对海湾生态系统影响方面具有典型性.从大气干/湿沉降生源要素的研究方法、通量及其影响因素、入海生态效应3个方面入手,系统总结了胶州湾生源要素大气干、湿沉降及其生态效应的研究进展:1)与国内外有关海湾、河口和边緣海相比,胶州湾大气干、湿沉降氮的浓度和通量都较高,溶解无机氮(DIN)是其主要组分,溶解有机氮(DON)占总溶解态氮(TDN)含量的22%~31%,而P和Si的浓度和沉降通量都很低.2)(NO_3~--N+NO_2~--N)的大气沉降量比陆源输入量略高,而NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P以及SiO_3~(2-)-Si的大气沉降量所占比例很低.3)大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)浓度、排放源强度、降水量以及气象条件是影响胶州湾大气沉降生源要素的主要因素.4)大气沉降的生源要素可促进胶州湾初级生产力的提高和改变表层海水的营养盐结构,进而导致浮游植物群落结构的改变和优势种由硅藻向甲藻的演替,从而对胶州湾生态系统产生重要影响.对今后的研究提出建议:1)建设胶州湾大气干/湿沉降监测网;2)精确量化不同形态和粒径生源要素颗粒的干沉降速率;3)量化大气沉降生源要素入海的生态效应,并深入剖析其生物地球化学机制;4)甄别大气沉降生源要素通过间接方式入海的机制、通量及影响因素.深入研究胶州湾生源要素的大气沉降,对阐明人类活动对海湾生态系统的影响有积极意义,也有助于加深对陆架边缘海生源要素生物地球化学循环过程的理解.
As a typical semi-closed bay,Jiaozhou Bay,is remarkably affected by human activities.Biogenic elements transported into the oceans by the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic particles can lead to profound impacts on the ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay.In this paper,the researches of atmospheric dry and wet depositions in the Jiaozhou Bay were systematically summarized from the following three aspects:study methods,variation characteristics of the fluxes and their influencing factors and the ecological effects of atmospheric deposition.The concentrations and fluxes of nitrogen species in atmospheric dry and wet depositions were very high in the Jiaozhou Bay compared with other bays,estuaries and marginal seas around the world.The dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)was the main component of the total dissolved nitrogen(TDN) and the dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) accounted for 22%-31% of TDN.However,the concentrations and fluxes of phosphate and silicate species were very low.The atmospheric deposition fluxes of(NO_3~--N+NO_2~--N) were slightly higher than terrestrial inputs,while the fluxes of NH_4~+-N,PO_4~(3-)-P and SiO_3~(2-)-Si were very low compared with terrestrial inputs.The concentration of total suspended particulates(TSP) in the air,the intensity of the emission sources,precipitation amount and meteorological conditions are the major factors influencing the atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements,which can increase the primary productivity,change the structure of nutrients and the structure of phytoplankton communities in surface seawater and further promote the succession of phytoplankton dominant species from diatom to dinoflagellate in the Jiaozhou Bay.On that basis,the future research should be focused on constructing the monitoring network for atmospheric dry and wet depositions,accurately quantifying the deposition rates of aerosol particles of different forms and sizes,recognizing the ecological effects and biogeochemical mechanisms of atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements and discriminating the mechanisms,fluxes and influencing factors of atmospheric deposition biogenic elements via indirect approaches such as overland runoff,sheetflood and permeation etc.It is significant for illuminating the effects of anthropogenic activities on the coastal waters as well as understanding the biogeochemical processes of biogenic elements in marginal seas by elucidating atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements in the Jiaozhou Bay.
As a typical semi-closed bay,Jiaozhou Bay,is remarkably affected by human activities.Biogenic elements transported into the oceans by the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic particles can lead to profound impacts on the ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay.In this paper,the researches of atmospheric dry and wet depositions in the Jiaozhou Bay were systematically summarized from the following three aspects:study methods,variation characteristics of the fluxes and their influencing factors and the ecological effects of atmospheric deposition.The concentrations and fluxes of nitrogen species in atmospheric dry and wet depositions were very high in the Jiaozhou Bay compared with other bays,estuaries and marginal seas around the world.The dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)was the main component of the total dissolved nitrogen(TDN) and the dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) accounted for 22%-31% of TDN.However,the concentrations and fluxes of phosphate and silicate species were very low.The atmospheric deposition fluxes of(NO_3~--N+NO_2~--N) were slightly higher than terrestrial inputs,while the fluxes of NH_4~+-N,PO_4~(3-)-P and SiO_3~(2-)-Si were very low compared with terrestrial inputs.The concentration of total suspended particulates(TSP) in the air,the intensity of the emission sources,precipitation amount and meteorological conditions are the major factors influencing the atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements,which can increase the primary productivity,change the structure of nutrients and the structure of phytoplankton communities in surface seawater and further promote the succession of phytoplankton dominant species from diatom to dinoflagellate in the Jiaozhou Bay.On that basis,the future research should be focused on constructing the monitoring network for atmospheric dry and wet depositions,accurately quantifying the deposition rates of aerosol particles of different forms and sizes,recognizing the ecological effects and biogeochemical mechanisms of atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements and discriminating the mechanisms,fluxes and influencing factors of atmospheric deposition biogenic elements via indirect approaches such as overland runoff,sheetflood and permeation etc.It is significant for illuminating the effects of anthropogenic activities on the coastal waters as well as understanding the biogeochemical processes of biogenic elements in marginal seas by elucidating atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements in the Jiaozhou Bay.
引文
[1]Zheng L-X(郑利霞),Liu X-J(刘学军),Zhang F-S(张福锁).Atmospheric deposition of organic nitrogen:A review.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(9):3828-3834(in Chinese)
[2]Matsumoto K,Yamamoto Y,Kobayashi H,et al.Water-soluble organic nitrogen in the ambient aerosols and its contribution to the dry deposition of fixed nitrogen species in Japan.Atmospheric Environment,2014,95:334-343
[3]Al-Taani AA,Rashdan M,Khashashneh S.Atmospheric dry deposition of mineral dust to the Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea:Rate and trace elements.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,92:252-258
[4]Duce R,LaRoche J,Altieri K,et al.Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean.Science,2008,320:893-897
[5]Paytan A,Mc Laughlin K.The oceanic phosphorus cycle.Chemical Reviews,2007,107:563-576
[6]Quinn TL,Ondov JM.Influence of temporal changes in relative humidity on dry deposition velocities and fluxes of aerosol particles bearing trace elements.Atmospheric Environment,1998,32:3467-3479
[7]Song JM.Biogeochemical Processes of Biogenic Elements in China Marginal Seas.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag/Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2010
[8]Moffat AS.Global nitrogen overload problem grows critical.Science,1998,279:988-989
[9]Xie Y-X(谢迎新),Zhang S-L(张淑利),Feng W(冯伟),et al.Review of atmospheric nitrogen deposition research.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture(中国生态农业学报),2010,18(4):897-904(in Chinese)
[10]Galloway JN,Cowling EB.Reactive nitrogen and the world:200 years of change.Ambio,2002,31:64-71
[11]Paerl HW,Whitall DR.Anthropogenically-derived atmospheric nitrogen deposition,marine eutrophication and harmful algal bloom expansion:Is there a link?Ambio,1999,28:307-311
[12]Han L-J(韩丽君),Zhu Y-M(朱玉梅),Liu S-M(刘素美),et al.Nutrients of atmospheric wet deposition from the Qianliyan Island of the Yellow Sea.China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2013,33(7):1174-1184(in Chinese)
[13]Jaworek A,Adamiak K,Krupa A.Deposition of aerosol particles on a charged spherical collector.Journal of Electrostatics,1997,40/41:443-448
[14]Liu S-M(刘素美),Huang W-W(黄薇文),Zhang J(张经),et al.Study of chemical components of atmospheric deposition in Qingdao.I.Trace element.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),1991,10(4):21-28(in Chinese)
[15]Song H-H(宋欢欢),Jiang C-M(姜春明),Yu W-T(宇万太).Basic features and monitoring methodologies of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(2):599-610(in Chinese)
[16]Wang M(王珉),Hu M(胡敏).Mass concentration and major inorganic compositions of coastal aerosol in Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2001,22(1):6-9(in Chinese)
[17]Wang M(王珉),Hu M(胡敏).Major inorganic compositions in fine and coarse particles of ambient aerosol at Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2001,22(5):35-37(in Chinese)
[18]Yu L-M(于丽敏),Qi J-H(祁建华),Sun N-N(孙娜娜),et al.Study on inorganic nitrogen of aerosol in the Qingdao area and over the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2007,27(2):319-325(in Chinese)
[19]Qiao J-J(乔佳佳),Qi J-H(祁建华),Liu M-M(刘苗苗),et al.Distribution of atmospheric particulate inorganic nitrogen in different weather conditions in the heating period in Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2010,31(1):29-35(in Chinese)
[20]Shi J-H(石金辉),Li R-P(李瑞芃),Qi J-H(祁建华),et al.Sources,compositions and distributions of free amino compounds in atmospheric aerosols at Qingdao.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2012,32(2):377-385(in Chinese)
[21]Liu Z(刘臻),Qi J-H(祁建华),Wang L(王琳),et al.Seasonal distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric aerosol in Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2012,33(7):2180-2190(in Chinese)
[22]Liu Z(刘臻),Qi J-H(祁建华),Wang L(王琳),et al.Particle size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions of atmospheric aerosol in Qingdao.China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2012,32(8):1422-1432(in Chinese)
[23]Wang L,Qi J,Shi J,et al.Source apportionment of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere over the Northern Yellow Sea.Atmospheric Environment,2013,70:425-434
[24]Duce R,Liss P,Merrill J,et al.The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1991,5:193-259
[25]GESAMP(Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution)Working Group 14.The Atmospheric Input of Trace Species to the World Ocean.Geneva,Switzerland:World Meteorological Organization(WMO),1989
[26]Wang L(王琳).Distribution Characteristics of Water-soluble Inorganic Ions in Atmospheric Aerosols and Source Apportionment of Aerosols in Qingdao Coastal Region.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese)
[27]Yu L-M(于丽敏),Qi J-H(祁建华),Shi J-H(石金辉),et al.Size distributions of inorganic nitrogen in atmospheric aerosol of Qingdao.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),2010,29(4):457-464(in Chinese)
[28]Jiang X-L(姜晓璐).Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition of Nutrient in East China Sea and Yellow Sea and Its Impact on Marine Primary Production.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009(in Chinese)
[29]Zhu Y-M(朱玉梅).Nutrients in Atmospheric Deposition of the Yellow and East China Sea.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011(in Chinese)
[30]Wan X-F(万小芳),Wu Z-M(吴增茂),Chang Z-Q(常志清),et al.Reanalysis of atmospheric flux of nutrients to the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),2002,21(4):14-18(in Chinese)
[31]Pryor SC,Barthelmie RJ.Particle dry deposition to water surfaces:Processes and consequences.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,41:220-231
[32]Qi J-H(祁建华),Li P-L(李培良),Li X-G(李先国),et al.Estimation of dry deposition fluxes of aerosol particles in the Qingdao area.I.An improvement on the growth effect of wet particles in Williams’Model.Periodical of Ocean University of China(中国海洋大学学报),2005,35(3):445-450(in Chinese)
[33]Slinn SA,Slinn WGN.Predictions for particle deposition on natural waters.Atmospheric Environment,1980,14:1013-1016
[34]Williams RM.A model for the dry deposition of particles to natural water surfaces.Atmospheric Environment,1982,16:1933-1938
[35]Qi J,Li P,Li X,et al.Estimation of dry deposition fluxes of particulate species to the water surface in the Qingdao area,using a model and surrogate surfaces.Atmospheric Environment,2005,39:2081-2088
[36]Wang Z-J(王泽杰).Study on Dry Deposition Model of Atmospheric Aerosol and Dry Deposition Fluxes of Elements Loaded on Aerosol to the Sea Near Qingdao Area.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006:1-50(in Chinese)
[37]China National Environmental Monitoring Centre(中国环境监测总站).Collection and Preservation of the Wet Precipitation Sample(GB 13580.2-92).Beijing:China Standards Press,1992(in Chinese)
[38]Fan M-L(樊敏玲),Wang X-M(王雪梅),Wang Q(王茜),et al.Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Hengmen of Pearl River Estuary.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(热带海洋学报),2010,29(1):51-56(in Chinese)
[39]Chen J(陈瑾),Lu P(卢平),Chen Z-Y(陈中颖),et al.Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus at Daya Bay in Huizhou during spring and summer.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(热带海洋学报),2014,33(2):109-114(in Chinese)
[40]Song Y-R(宋宇然).The Study on Atmospheric Wet Deposition in Qingdao.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006(in Chinese)
[41]Liu S-M(刘素美),Huang W-W(黄薇文),Zhang J(张经),et al.Study of chemical components of atmospheric deposition in Qingdao.II.Bulk component.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),1993,12(3-4):89-98(in Chinese)
[42]Zhang J,Zhang GS,Bi YF,et al.Nitrogen species in rainwater and aerosols of the Yellow and East China seas:Effects of the East Asian monsoon and anthropogenic emissions and relevance for the NW Pacific Ocean.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2011,25:113-120
[43]Bi Y-F(毕言锋).Atmospheric Nutrient Deposition at the East China Coast and Its Impact on Marine Primary Production.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006(in Chinese)
[44]Zhang Y,Song L,Liu XJ,et al.Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition in China.Atmospheric Environment,2012,46:195-204
[45]Sun N-N(孙娜娜).Distribution of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Atmospheric Aerosols at the Coastal Area of Qingdao.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2007(in Chinese)
[46]Han J(韩静).Water-soluble Organic Nitrogen and Urea in Qingdao Aerosols:Influence of Different Weather Conditions.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China.2011(in Chinese)
[47]Han L-J(韩丽君).Nutrient Characteristics and Source Apportionment in Atmospheric Deposition of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese)
[48]Ayars J,Gao Y.Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Mullica River-Great Bay Estuary.Marine Environmental Research,2007,64:590-600
[49]Chen Y,Mills S,Street J,et al.Estimates of atmospheric dry deposition and associated input of nutrients to Gulf of Aqaba seawater.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2007,112:1367-1379
[50]Zhang J-L(张金良),Yu Z-G(于志刚),Zhang J(张经),et al.Wet deposition(precipitation)of major elements at two sites of northwestern Yellow Sea.Environmental Chemistry(环境化学),2000,19(4):352-356(in Chinese)
[51]Zhang G-S(张国森),Chen H-T(陈洪涛),Zhang J(张经),et al.Nutrient elements in the atmospheric wet deposition in Changjiang River estuary.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2003,14(7):1107-1111(in Chinese)
[52]Fu M(付敏),Zhao W-H(赵卫红),Wang J-T(王江涛),et al.Contribution of atmospheric wet deposition to nutrients in the Yangtze Estuary.Environmental Science(环境科学),2008,29(10):2703-2708(in Chinese)
[53]Violaki K,Zarbas P,Mihalopoulos N.Long-term measurements of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in atmospheric deposition in the Eastern Mediterranean:Fluxes,origin and biogeochemical implications.Marine Chemistry,2010,120:179-186
[54]Jung JY,Furutani H,Uematsu M.Atmospheric inorganic nitrogen in marine aerosol and precipitation and its deposition to the North and South Pacific Oceans.Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2011,68:157-181
[55]Gao Y.Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to Barnegat Bay.Atmospheric Environment,2002,36:5783-5794
[56]Qi J-H(祁建华),Wang Y-J(王玉珏),Diao M-Y(刁明亚),et al.Distribution and deposition of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in aerosol in different weather conditions in summer in Qingdao.Periodical of Ocean University of China(中国海洋大学学报),2013,43(10):88-96(in Chinese)
[57]Sheng L-F(盛立芳),Geng M(耿敏),Wang Y-X(王园香),et al.Effects of dust storms on atmospheric aerosols in Qingdao in spring 2002.Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),2003,16(5):11-14(in Chinese)
[58]Shi J-H(石金辉).Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen Species over the China Sea and Its Impact on a Spring Bloom.Ph D Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011(in Chinese)
[59]Sun S(孙松),Sun X-X(孙晓霞).The Theory and Practice of Bay Ecosystem:A Case Study in Jiaozhou Bay.Beijing:Science Press,2015(in Chinese)
[60]Chen X-J(陈晓静).Distribution Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions and Metal Elements and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Aerosols in Qingdao Coastal Region.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014(in Chinese)
[61]Zhang J,Chen SZ,Yu ZG,et al.Factors influencing changes in rainwater composition from urban versus remote regions of the Yellow Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104:1631-1644
[62]Wang X-Z(王小治),Yin W-Q(尹微琴),Shan Y-H(单玉华),et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus input from wet deposition in Taihu Lake region:A case study in Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(10):2487-2492(in Chinese)
[63]Song J-M(宋金明),Li P-C(李鹏程).Chemical characteristics of rainwater in the tropical west Pacific(4°S 156°E).Acta Meteorologic Sinica(气象学报),1997,55(5):634-640(in Chinese)
[64]Song J-M(宋金明),Li P-C(李鹏程),Zhan B-Q(詹斌秋).Variability of nutrients and effect of rainwater on seawater nutrients in the tropical west Pacific,Toga coare IOP 4°S 156°E.Studia Marina Sinica(海洋科学集刊),1997,38:133-141(in Chinese)
[65]Zou L,Chen HT,Zhang J.Experimental examination of the effects of atmospheric wet deposition on primary production in the Yellow Sea.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2000,249:111-121
[66]Wang W(王伟).The Influence of Typhoon-Induced Precipitation on the Supplementary of Biogenic Elements,the Abundance and Structure of Phytoplankton in Jiaozhou Bay.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese)
[67]Kim TW,Najjar RG,Lee K.Influence of precipitation events on phytoplankton biomass in coastal waters of the eastern United States.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2014,28:1-13
[68]Markaki Z,Loe-Pilot MD,Violaki K,et al.Variability of atmospheric deposition of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the Mediterranean and possible link to the anomalous seawater N/P ratio.Marine Chemistry,2010,120:187-194
[69]Martinez-Garcia S,Arbones B,Garcia-Martin EE,et al.Impact of atmospheric deposition on the metabolism of coastal microbial communities.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,153:18-28
[70]Bergstrom AK,Blomqvist P,Jansson M.Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on nutrient limitation and phytoplankton biomass in unproductive Swedish lakes.Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50:987-994
[71]Sun S(孙松),Zhang Y-S(张永山),Wu Y-L(吴玉霖),et al.Annual variation of primary productivity in Jiaozhou Bay.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica(海洋与湖沼),2005,36(6):481-486(in Chinese)
[72]Huo W-Y(霍文毅),Yu Z-M(俞志明),Zou J-Z(邹景忠).Outbreak of Skeletonema costatum red tide and its relations to environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica(海洋与湖沼),2001,32(5):311-318(in Chinese)
[73]Markaki Z,Oikonomou K,Kocak M,et al.Atmospheric deposition of inorganic phosphorus in the Levantine Basin,eastern Mediterranean:Spatial and temporal variability and its role in seawater productivity.Limnology and Oceanography,2003,48:1557-1568
[74]Bartoli G,Migon C,Losno R.Atmospheric input of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and silicon to the coastal northwestern Mediterranean Sea:Fluxes,variability and possible impact on phytoplankton dynamics.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,2005,52:2005-2016
[75]Liu SM,Zhang J,Chen SZ,et al.Factors influencing nutrient dynamics in the eutrophic Jiaozhou Bay,North China.Progress in Oceanography,2005,66:66-85
[76]Kim TW,Lee K,Najjar RG,et al.Increasing N abundance in the northwestern Pacific Ocean due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition.Science,2011,334:505-509
[77]Elser JJ,Kyle M,Steger L,et al.Nutrient availability and phytoplankton nutrient limitation across a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.Ecology,2009,90:3062-3073
[78]Li Y,LüS,Jiang T,et al.Environmental factors and seasonal dynamics of prorocentrum populations in Nanji Islands National Nature Reserve,East China Sea.Harmful Algae,2011,10:426-432
[79]Sun X-X(孙晓霞),Sun S(孙松),Zhao Z-X(赵增霞),et al.Long-term changes in nutrient concentration and structure in the Jiaozhou Bay.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica(海洋与湖沼),2011,42(5):662-669(in Chinese)
[80]Chen C(陈纯),Li S-J(李思嘉),Xiao L-J(肖利娟),et al.Effects of nutrient enrichment and fish stocking on succession and diversity of phytoplankton community.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2013,33(18):5777-5784(in Chinese)
[81]Liu Y(刘莹).Influence of Asian Dust Deposition on the Growth of Phytoplankton in China Marginal Seas.Ph D Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014(in Chinese)
[82]Zhu L(朱丽).Estimate of Dry Deposition Fluxes of Nutrients and Their Impacts on the Succession of Dominant Phytoplanktonic Species over the East China Sea.Master Thesis.Shanghai:Fudan University,2013(in Chinese)
[83]Huang W,Zhu X,Zeng J,et al.Responses in growth and succession of the phytoplankton community to different N/P ratios near Dongtou Island in the East China Sea.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2012,434/435:102-109
[84]Shi JH,Gao HW,Qi JH,et al.Sources,compositions,and distributions of water-soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols over the China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2010,115:1383-1392
[2]Matsumoto K,Yamamoto Y,Kobayashi H,et al.Water-soluble organic nitrogen in the ambient aerosols and its contribution to the dry deposition of fixed nitrogen species in Japan.Atmospheric Environment,2014,95:334-343
[3]Al-Taani AA,Rashdan M,Khashashneh S.Atmospheric dry deposition of mineral dust to the Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea:Rate and trace elements.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,92:252-258
[4]Duce R,LaRoche J,Altieri K,et al.Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean.Science,2008,320:893-897
[5]Paytan A,Mc Laughlin K.The oceanic phosphorus cycle.Chemical Reviews,2007,107:563-576
[6]Quinn TL,Ondov JM.Influence of temporal changes in relative humidity on dry deposition velocities and fluxes of aerosol particles bearing trace elements.Atmospheric Environment,1998,32:3467-3479
[7]Song JM.Biogeochemical Processes of Biogenic Elements in China Marginal Seas.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag/Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2010
[8]Moffat AS.Global nitrogen overload problem grows critical.Science,1998,279:988-989
[9]Xie Y-X(谢迎新),Zhang S-L(张淑利),Feng W(冯伟),et al.Review of atmospheric nitrogen deposition research.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture(中国生态农业学报),2010,18(4):897-904(in Chinese)
[10]Galloway JN,Cowling EB.Reactive nitrogen and the world:200 years of change.Ambio,2002,31:64-71
[11]Paerl HW,Whitall DR.Anthropogenically-derived atmospheric nitrogen deposition,marine eutrophication and harmful algal bloom expansion:Is there a link?Ambio,1999,28:307-311
[12]Han L-J(韩丽君),Zhu Y-M(朱玉梅),Liu S-M(刘素美),et al.Nutrients of atmospheric wet deposition from the Qianliyan Island of the Yellow Sea.China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2013,33(7):1174-1184(in Chinese)
[13]Jaworek A,Adamiak K,Krupa A.Deposition of aerosol particles on a charged spherical collector.Journal of Electrostatics,1997,40/41:443-448
[14]Liu S-M(刘素美),Huang W-W(黄薇文),Zhang J(张经),et al.Study of chemical components of atmospheric deposition in Qingdao.I.Trace element.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),1991,10(4):21-28(in Chinese)
[15]Song H-H(宋欢欢),Jiang C-M(姜春明),Yu W-T(宇万太).Basic features and monitoring methodologies of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(2):599-610(in Chinese)
[16]Wang M(王珉),Hu M(胡敏).Mass concentration and major inorganic compositions of coastal aerosol in Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2001,22(1):6-9(in Chinese)
[17]Wang M(王珉),Hu M(胡敏).Major inorganic compositions in fine and coarse particles of ambient aerosol at Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2001,22(5):35-37(in Chinese)
[18]Yu L-M(于丽敏),Qi J-H(祁建华),Sun N-N(孙娜娜),et al.Study on inorganic nitrogen of aerosol in the Qingdao area and over the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2007,27(2):319-325(in Chinese)
[19]Qiao J-J(乔佳佳),Qi J-H(祁建华),Liu M-M(刘苗苗),et al.Distribution of atmospheric particulate inorganic nitrogen in different weather conditions in the heating period in Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2010,31(1):29-35(in Chinese)
[20]Shi J-H(石金辉),Li R-P(李瑞芃),Qi J-H(祁建华),et al.Sources,compositions and distributions of free amino compounds in atmospheric aerosols at Qingdao.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2012,32(2):377-385(in Chinese)
[21]Liu Z(刘臻),Qi J-H(祁建华),Wang L(王琳),et al.Seasonal distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric aerosol in Qingdao.Environmental Science(环境科学),2012,33(7):2180-2190(in Chinese)
[22]Liu Z(刘臻),Qi J-H(祁建华),Wang L(王琳),et al.Particle size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions of atmospheric aerosol in Qingdao.China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2012,32(8):1422-1432(in Chinese)
[23]Wang L,Qi J,Shi J,et al.Source apportionment of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere over the Northern Yellow Sea.Atmospheric Environment,2013,70:425-434
[24]Duce R,Liss P,Merrill J,et al.The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1991,5:193-259
[25]GESAMP(Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution)Working Group 14.The Atmospheric Input of Trace Species to the World Ocean.Geneva,Switzerland:World Meteorological Organization(WMO),1989
[26]Wang L(王琳).Distribution Characteristics of Water-soluble Inorganic Ions in Atmospheric Aerosols and Source Apportionment of Aerosols in Qingdao Coastal Region.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese)
[27]Yu L-M(于丽敏),Qi J-H(祁建华),Shi J-H(石金辉),et al.Size distributions of inorganic nitrogen in atmospheric aerosol of Qingdao.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),2010,29(4):457-464(in Chinese)
[28]Jiang X-L(姜晓璐).Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition of Nutrient in East China Sea and Yellow Sea and Its Impact on Marine Primary Production.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009(in Chinese)
[29]Zhu Y-M(朱玉梅).Nutrients in Atmospheric Deposition of the Yellow and East China Sea.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011(in Chinese)
[30]Wan X-F(万小芳),Wu Z-M(吴增茂),Chang Z-Q(常志清),et al.Reanalysis of atmospheric flux of nutrients to the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),2002,21(4):14-18(in Chinese)
[31]Pryor SC,Barthelmie RJ.Particle dry deposition to water surfaces:Processes and consequences.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,41:220-231
[32]Qi J-H(祁建华),Li P-L(李培良),Li X-G(李先国),et al.Estimation of dry deposition fluxes of aerosol particles in the Qingdao area.I.An improvement on the growth effect of wet particles in Williams’Model.Periodical of Ocean University of China(中国海洋大学学报),2005,35(3):445-450(in Chinese)
[33]Slinn SA,Slinn WGN.Predictions for particle deposition on natural waters.Atmospheric Environment,1980,14:1013-1016
[34]Williams RM.A model for the dry deposition of particles to natural water surfaces.Atmospheric Environment,1982,16:1933-1938
[35]Qi J,Li P,Li X,et al.Estimation of dry deposition fluxes of particulate species to the water surface in the Qingdao area,using a model and surrogate surfaces.Atmospheric Environment,2005,39:2081-2088
[36]Wang Z-J(王泽杰).Study on Dry Deposition Model of Atmospheric Aerosol and Dry Deposition Fluxes of Elements Loaded on Aerosol to the Sea Near Qingdao Area.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006:1-50(in Chinese)
[37]China National Environmental Monitoring Centre(中国环境监测总站).Collection and Preservation of the Wet Precipitation Sample(GB 13580.2-92).Beijing:China Standards Press,1992(in Chinese)
[38]Fan M-L(樊敏玲),Wang X-M(王雪梅),Wang Q(王茜),et al.Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Hengmen of Pearl River Estuary.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(热带海洋学报),2010,29(1):51-56(in Chinese)
[39]Chen J(陈瑾),Lu P(卢平),Chen Z-Y(陈中颖),et al.Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus at Daya Bay in Huizhou during spring and summer.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(热带海洋学报),2014,33(2):109-114(in Chinese)
[40]Song Y-R(宋宇然).The Study on Atmospheric Wet Deposition in Qingdao.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006(in Chinese)
[41]Liu S-M(刘素美),Huang W-W(黄薇文),Zhang J(张经),et al.Study of chemical components of atmospheric deposition in Qingdao.II.Bulk component.Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),1993,12(3-4):89-98(in Chinese)
[42]Zhang J,Zhang GS,Bi YF,et al.Nitrogen species in rainwater and aerosols of the Yellow and East China seas:Effects of the East Asian monsoon and anthropogenic emissions and relevance for the NW Pacific Ocean.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2011,25:113-120
[43]Bi Y-F(毕言锋).Atmospheric Nutrient Deposition at the East China Coast and Its Impact on Marine Primary Production.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006(in Chinese)
[44]Zhang Y,Song L,Liu XJ,et al.Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition in China.Atmospheric Environment,2012,46:195-204
[45]Sun N-N(孙娜娜).Distribution of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Atmospheric Aerosols at the Coastal Area of Qingdao.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2007(in Chinese)
[46]Han J(韩静).Water-soluble Organic Nitrogen and Urea in Qingdao Aerosols:Influence of Different Weather Conditions.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China.2011(in Chinese)
[47]Han L-J(韩丽君).Nutrient Characteristics and Source Apportionment in Atmospheric Deposition of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese)
[48]Ayars J,Gao Y.Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Mullica River-Great Bay Estuary.Marine Environmental Research,2007,64:590-600
[49]Chen Y,Mills S,Street J,et al.Estimates of atmospheric dry deposition and associated input of nutrients to Gulf of Aqaba seawater.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2007,112:1367-1379
[50]Zhang J-L(张金良),Yu Z-G(于志刚),Zhang J(张经),et al.Wet deposition(precipitation)of major elements at two sites of northwestern Yellow Sea.Environmental Chemistry(环境化学),2000,19(4):352-356(in Chinese)
[51]Zhang G-S(张国森),Chen H-T(陈洪涛),Zhang J(张经),et al.Nutrient elements in the atmospheric wet deposition in Changjiang River estuary.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2003,14(7):1107-1111(in Chinese)
[52]Fu M(付敏),Zhao W-H(赵卫红),Wang J-T(王江涛),et al.Contribution of atmospheric wet deposition to nutrients in the Yangtze Estuary.Environmental Science(环境科学),2008,29(10):2703-2708(in Chinese)
[53]Violaki K,Zarbas P,Mihalopoulos N.Long-term measurements of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in atmospheric deposition in the Eastern Mediterranean:Fluxes,origin and biogeochemical implications.Marine Chemistry,2010,120:179-186
[54]Jung JY,Furutani H,Uematsu M.Atmospheric inorganic nitrogen in marine aerosol and precipitation and its deposition to the North and South Pacific Oceans.Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2011,68:157-181
[55]Gao Y.Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to Barnegat Bay.Atmospheric Environment,2002,36:5783-5794
[56]Qi J-H(祁建华),Wang Y-J(王玉珏),Diao M-Y(刁明亚),et al.Distribution and deposition of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in aerosol in different weather conditions in summer in Qingdao.Periodical of Ocean University of China(中国海洋大学学报),2013,43(10):88-96(in Chinese)
[57]Sheng L-F(盛立芳),Geng M(耿敏),Wang Y-X(王园香),et al.Effects of dust storms on atmospheric aerosols in Qingdao in spring 2002.Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),2003,16(5):11-14(in Chinese)
[58]Shi J-H(石金辉).Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen Species over the China Sea and Its Impact on a Spring Bloom.Ph D Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011(in Chinese)
[59]Sun S(孙松),Sun X-X(孙晓霞).The Theory and Practice of Bay Ecosystem:A Case Study in Jiaozhou Bay.Beijing:Science Press,2015(in Chinese)
[60]Chen X-J(陈晓静).Distribution Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions and Metal Elements and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Aerosols in Qingdao Coastal Region.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014(in Chinese)
[61]Zhang J,Chen SZ,Yu ZG,et al.Factors influencing changes in rainwater composition from urban versus remote regions of the Yellow Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104:1631-1644
[62]Wang X-Z(王小治),Yin W-Q(尹微琴),Shan Y-H(单玉华),et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus input from wet deposition in Taihu Lake region:A case study in Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(10):2487-2492(in Chinese)
[63]Song J-M(宋金明),Li P-C(李鹏程).Chemical characteristics of rainwater in the tropical west Pacific(4°S 156°E).Acta Meteorologic Sinica(气象学报),1997,55(5):634-640(in Chinese)
[64]Song J-M(宋金明),Li P-C(李鹏程),Zhan B-Q(詹斌秋).Variability of nutrients and effect of rainwater on seawater nutrients in the tropical west Pacific,Toga coare IOP 4°S 156°E.Studia Marina Sinica(海洋科学集刊),1997,38:133-141(in Chinese)
[65]Zou L,Chen HT,Zhang J.Experimental examination of the effects of atmospheric wet deposition on primary production in the Yellow Sea.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2000,249:111-121
[66]Wang W(王伟).The Influence of Typhoon-Induced Precipitation on the Supplementary of Biogenic Elements,the Abundance and Structure of Phytoplankton in Jiaozhou Bay.Master Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese)
[67]Kim TW,Najjar RG,Lee K.Influence of precipitation events on phytoplankton biomass in coastal waters of the eastern United States.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2014,28:1-13
[68]Markaki Z,Loe-Pilot MD,Violaki K,et al.Variability of atmospheric deposition of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the Mediterranean and possible link to the anomalous seawater N/P ratio.Marine Chemistry,2010,120:187-194
[69]Martinez-Garcia S,Arbones B,Garcia-Martin EE,et al.Impact of atmospheric deposition on the metabolism of coastal microbial communities.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,153:18-28
[70]Bergstrom AK,Blomqvist P,Jansson M.Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on nutrient limitation and phytoplankton biomass in unproductive Swedish lakes.Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50:987-994
[71]Sun S(孙松),Zhang Y-S(张永山),Wu Y-L(吴玉霖),et al.Annual variation of primary productivity in Jiaozhou Bay.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica(海洋与湖沼),2005,36(6):481-486(in Chinese)
[72]Huo W-Y(霍文毅),Yu Z-M(俞志明),Zou J-Z(邹景忠).Outbreak of Skeletonema costatum red tide and its relations to environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica(海洋与湖沼),2001,32(5):311-318(in Chinese)
[73]Markaki Z,Oikonomou K,Kocak M,et al.Atmospheric deposition of inorganic phosphorus in the Levantine Basin,eastern Mediterranean:Spatial and temporal variability and its role in seawater productivity.Limnology and Oceanography,2003,48:1557-1568
[74]Bartoli G,Migon C,Losno R.Atmospheric input of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and silicon to the coastal northwestern Mediterranean Sea:Fluxes,variability and possible impact on phytoplankton dynamics.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,2005,52:2005-2016
[75]Liu SM,Zhang J,Chen SZ,et al.Factors influencing nutrient dynamics in the eutrophic Jiaozhou Bay,North China.Progress in Oceanography,2005,66:66-85
[76]Kim TW,Lee K,Najjar RG,et al.Increasing N abundance in the northwestern Pacific Ocean due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition.Science,2011,334:505-509
[77]Elser JJ,Kyle M,Steger L,et al.Nutrient availability and phytoplankton nutrient limitation across a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.Ecology,2009,90:3062-3073
[78]Li Y,LüS,Jiang T,et al.Environmental factors and seasonal dynamics of prorocentrum populations in Nanji Islands National Nature Reserve,East China Sea.Harmful Algae,2011,10:426-432
[79]Sun X-X(孙晓霞),Sun S(孙松),Zhao Z-X(赵增霞),et al.Long-term changes in nutrient concentration and structure in the Jiaozhou Bay.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica(海洋与湖沼),2011,42(5):662-669(in Chinese)
[80]Chen C(陈纯),Li S-J(李思嘉),Xiao L-J(肖利娟),et al.Effects of nutrient enrichment and fish stocking on succession and diversity of phytoplankton community.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2013,33(18):5777-5784(in Chinese)
[81]Liu Y(刘莹).Influence of Asian Dust Deposition on the Growth of Phytoplankton in China Marginal Seas.Ph D Thesis.Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014(in Chinese)
[82]Zhu L(朱丽).Estimate of Dry Deposition Fluxes of Nutrients and Their Impacts on the Succession of Dominant Phytoplanktonic Species over the East China Sea.Master Thesis.Shanghai:Fudan University,2013(in Chinese)
[83]Huang W,Zhu X,Zeng J,et al.Responses in growth and succession of the phytoplankton community to different N/P ratios near Dongtou Island in the East China Sea.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2012,434/435:102-109
[84]Shi JH,Gao HW,Qi JH,et al.Sources,compositions,and distributions of water-soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols over the China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2010,115:1383-1392