陆地生态系统臭氧干沉降的观测和模拟研究进展
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摘要
近地层臭氧(O_3)会对植物的生长和产量均产生一定的负效应。由于人类活动引起的不断升高的近地层O_3浓度已经威胁到世界粮食安全。O_3主要以干沉降的方式沉降到陆地生态系统,所以需要定量确定陆地生态系统中O_3通量、干沉降速率和不同沉降通道的沉降过程,预测其对植物的潜在影响。介绍了目前O_3干沉降的主要观测方法及其模拟模型,从4个方面(O_3通量和干沉降速率的季节变化、日变化、气象因子等对O_3干沉降的影响、不同O_3沉降通道的沉降过程)重点评述了不同陆地生态系统O_3干沉降观测和模拟的研究进展现状,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望,以期为我国未来开展相关研究工作提供借鉴。
Surface-level ozone(O_3) is a major pollutant with negative effects on plant growth and yield. The elevated ozone concentrations due to human activities have a significant impact on global food security. Since ozone is hardly soluble in water, it is deposited mainly through dry deposition to terrestrial ecosystem. It is thus necessary to quantify the terrestrial ecosystem sink for ozone and to predict the potential influences of ozone on vegetation status. By introducing main observation and simulation methods of ozone dry deposition flux, including seasonal and daily variations of ozone flux and ozone deposition velocity; the influence of climate change on ozone dry deposition and processes of different ozone deposition pathways, this paper reviews the progresses and researches on o-zone flux observations and simulations in different territorial ecosystems. In addition, major scientific issues that are to be addressed in near future are also discussed.
Surface-level ozone(O_3) is a major pollutant with negative effects on plant growth and yield. The elevated ozone concentrations due to human activities have a significant impact on global food security. Since ozone is hardly soluble in water, it is deposited mainly through dry deposition to terrestrial ecosystem. It is thus necessary to quantify the terrestrial ecosystem sink for ozone and to predict the potential influences of ozone on vegetation status. By introducing main observation and simulation methods of ozone dry deposition flux, including seasonal and daily variations of ozone flux and ozone deposition velocity; the influence of climate change on ozone dry deposition and processes of different ozone deposition pathways, this paper reviews the progresses and researches on o-zone flux observations and simulations in different territorial ecosystems. In addition, major scientific issues that are to be addressed in near future are also discussed.
引文
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