光梳多波长绝对测距的波长选择及非模糊度量程分析
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摘要
飞秒光学频率梳作为精密光学频率标尺,可以用来产生频率稳定度极高的单波长连续激光,利用其多个梳模制备理想的多波长光源用于绝对距离测量具有测量速度快、实时性强、非模糊度量程大、精度高等优点。以多波长测距的基本理论和光梳高频率稳定度为基础,提出了二次合成波长的方法,不仅扩展了非模糊度量程,同时为干涉信号的多波长解调创造了足够的波长间隔条件。结合光梳的波长特点,分析了基于光梳的多波长选择与非模糊度量程的关系,并阐述了具体的选择步骤及波长组合结构。利用小数重合解调算法,在0.01的小数相位测量精度条件下,仿真验证了四波长干涉测距的非模糊度量程为35.636mm,五波长干涉系统可以达到几百毫米的非模糊度量程,后者相对分辨力的动态量程达到109量级。
As a precise optical frequency ruler,femtosecond optical frequency comb can be used to generate continuous-wave laser with ultrahigh frequency stability.Absolute distance measurement by multi-wavelength interferometry,making use of multiple wavelengths referenced to comb modes,has advantages of fast measuring speed,real time,large non-ambiguity range and high precision.Based on the theory of multi-wavelength interferometry and high frequency stability of optical comb,the second-order synthetic wavelength method is proposed to extend the non-ambiguity range and keep an enough wavelength gap for the wavelength demultiplexing of interference signals.Combined with characteristics of wavelengths in the optical comb,relationship between nonambiguity range and wavelengths is analyzed,and selection procedure is elaborated.Simulation is performed with a fractional coincidence demodulation algorithm.The result shows that four wavelengths interferometry can achieve a non-ambiguity range of 35.636 mm with fractional phase accuracy of 0.01,and in the case of five wavelengths that range can be up to several hundred millimeters.The latter range corresponds to a dynamic range of 109 level,relative to measurement resolution.
As a precise optical frequency ruler,femtosecond optical frequency comb can be used to generate continuous-wave laser with ultrahigh frequency stability.Absolute distance measurement by multi-wavelength interferometry,making use of multiple wavelengths referenced to comb modes,has advantages of fast measuring speed,real time,large non-ambiguity range and high precision.Based on the theory of multi-wavelength interferometry and high frequency stability of optical comb,the second-order synthetic wavelength method is proposed to extend the non-ambiguity range and keep an enough wavelength gap for the wavelength demultiplexing of interference signals.Combined with characteristics of wavelengths in the optical comb,relationship between nonambiguity range and wavelengths is analyzed,and selection procedure is elaborated.Simulation is performed with a fractional coincidence demodulation algorithm.The result shows that four wavelengths interferometry can achieve a non-ambiguity range of 35.636 mm with fractional phase accuracy of 0.01,and in the case of five wavelengths that range can be up to several hundred millimeters.The latter range corresponds to a dynamic range of 109 level,relative to measurement resolution.
引文
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11 Wei Zhiyi.The 2005Nobel prize in physics and optical frequency comb techniques[J].Physics,2006,35(3):213-217.魏志义.2005年诺贝尔物理学奖与光学频率梳[J].物理,2006,35(3):213-217.
12 Wu Xuejian,Li Yanwei,Hao Yun,et al..Femtosecond optical frequency combs for precision measurement applications[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2012,49(3):030001.吴学健,李岩尉,昊赟,等.飞秒光学频率梳在精密测量中的应用[J].激光与光电子学进展,2012,49(3):030001.
13 Yves Salvadé,Nicolas Schuhler,Samuel Lévêque,et al..Highaccuracy absolute distance measurement using frequency comb referenced multiwavelength source[J].Appl Opt,2008,47(14):2715-2720.
14 Sangwon Hyun,Young-Jin Kim,Yunseok Kim,et al..Absolute length measurement with the frequency comb of a femtosecond laser[J].Meas Sci&Technol,2009,20(9):095302.
15 Ki-Nam Joo,Seung-Woo Kim.Absolute distance measurement by dispersive interferometry using a femtosecond pulse laser[J].Opt Express,2006,14(13):5954-5960.
16 SA van den Berg,S T Persijn,G J P Kok,et al..Manywavelength interferometry with thousands of lasers for absolute distance measurement[J].Phys Rev Lett,2012,108(18):183901.
17 JYe.Absolute measurement of a long,arbitrary distance to less than an optical fringe[J].Opt Lett,2004,29(10):1153-1155.
18 JLee,Y Kim,K Lee,et al..Time-of-flight measurement with femtosecond light pulses[J].Nat Photon,2010,4(10):716-720.
19 K Minoshima,H Matsumoto.High-accuracy measurement of240 -m distance in an optical tunnel by use of a compact femtosecond laser[J].Appl Opt,2000,39(30):5512-5517.
20 ICoddington,W C Swann,L Nenadovic,et al..Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range[J].Nat Photon,2009,3(6):351-356.
21 Wang Guochao,Yan Shuhua,Yang Jun,et al..Analysis of an innovative method for large-scale high-precision absolute distance measurement based on multi-heterodyne interference of dual optical frequency combs[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(7):070601.王国超,颜树华,杨俊,等.一种双光梳多外差大尺寸高精度绝对测距新方法的理论分析[J].物理学报,2013,62(7):070601.
22 Seung-Woo Kim.Combs rule[J].Nat Photon,2009,3(6):313-314.
23 Liang Jing,Long Xingwu,Zhang Bin.Study on a new kind of multi-wavelength absolute distance interferometer[J].Optical Technique,2008,34(5):681-683.梁晶,龙兴武,张斌.一种新型多波长绝对距离干涉测量系统的研究[J].光学技术,2008,34(5):681-683.
24 K Meiners-Hagen,R Schdel,F Pollinger,et al..Multiwavelength interferometry for length measurements using diode lasers[J].Meas Sci Rev,2009,9(1):16-26.
25 Liang Jing,Long Xingwu,Zhang Bin.Absolute distance measurement by using 117μm synthetic wavelength[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(10):2947-2951.梁晶,龙兴武,张斌.用117μm合成波长实现绝对距离干涉测量[J].光学学报,2010,30(10):2947-2951.
26 Zhang Jitao,Wu Xuejian,Li Yan,et al..Method for improving the accuracy of step height measurement based on optical frequency comb[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(10):100601.张继涛,吴学健,李岩,等.利用光频梳提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法[J].物理学报,2012,61(10):100601.
27 Young-Jin Kim,Yunseok Kim,Byung Jae Chun,et al..Allfiber-based optical frequency generation from an Er-doped fiber femtosecond laser[J].Opt Express,2009,17(13):10939-10945.
28 CE Towers,D P Towers,J D C Jones.Optimum frequency selection in multi-frequency interferometry[J].Opt Lett,2003,28(11):887-889.
29 F Konstantinos,David P Towers,Catherine E Towers.Multiwavelength interferometry:extended range metrology[J].Opt Lett,2009,34(7):950-952.
30 CR Tilford.Analytical procedure for determining lengths from fractional fringes[J].Appl Opt,1977,16(7):1857-1860.
31 Erik Benkler,Felix Rohde,Harald R Telle.Robust interferometric frequency lock between cw lasers and optical frequency combs[J].Opt Lett,2013,38(4):555-557.
32 Jun Ye,Steven T Cundiff.Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb:Principle,Operation,and Applications[M].Norwell:Springer,2005.24-30.
2 G N Peggs,A Yacoot.A review of recent work in sub-nanometre displacement measurement using optical and X-ray interferometry[J].Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci,2002,360(1794):953-968.
3 RDandliker,R Thalmann,D Prongue.Two-wavelength laser interferometry using superheterodyne detection[J].Opt Lett,1988,13(5):339-341.
4 Zhao Yang,Zhou Ting,Li Dachen.Study on a dual-wavelength absolute distance heterodyne interferometer[J].Acta Optica Sinica,1999,19(4):1274-1278.赵洋,周挺,李达成.双波长绝对距离外差干涉仪的研究[J].光学学报,1999,19(4):1274-1278.
5 XDai,K Seta.High-accuracy absolute distance measurement by means of wavelength scanning heterodyne interferometry[J].Meas Sci&Technol,1998,9(7):1031-1035.
6 K H Bechstein,W Fuchs.Absolute interferometric distance measurement applying a variable synthetic wavelength[J].J Opt,1998,29(3):179-182.
7 Li Zhidong,Jiang Yuesong,Sang Feng,et al..Interferometry for absolute distance measurement[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2011,31(3):0314001.李志栋,江月松,桑峰,等.频率扫描干涉法绝对测距中运动误差的补偿研究[J].光学学报,2011,31(3):0314001.
8 JThiel,T Pfeifer,M Hartmann.Interferometric measurement of absolute distances of up to 40m[J].Measurement,1995,16(1):1-6.
9 Petr Hlubina.Dispersive white-light spectral interferometry to measure distances and displacements[J].Opt Commun,2002,212(1-3):65-70.
10 John L Hall.Learning from the time and length redefinitions,and the metre demotion[J].Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci,2011,369(1953):4090-4108.
11 Wei Zhiyi.The 2005Nobel prize in physics and optical frequency comb techniques[J].Physics,2006,35(3):213-217.魏志义.2005年诺贝尔物理学奖与光学频率梳[J].物理,2006,35(3):213-217.
12 Wu Xuejian,Li Yanwei,Hao Yun,et al..Femtosecond optical frequency combs for precision measurement applications[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2012,49(3):030001.吴学健,李岩尉,昊赟,等.飞秒光学频率梳在精密测量中的应用[J].激光与光电子学进展,2012,49(3):030001.
13 Yves Salvadé,Nicolas Schuhler,Samuel Lévêque,et al..Highaccuracy absolute distance measurement using frequency comb referenced multiwavelength source[J].Appl Opt,2008,47(14):2715-2720.
14 Sangwon Hyun,Young-Jin Kim,Yunseok Kim,et al..Absolute length measurement with the frequency comb of a femtosecond laser[J].Meas Sci&Technol,2009,20(9):095302.
15 Ki-Nam Joo,Seung-Woo Kim.Absolute distance measurement by dispersive interferometry using a femtosecond pulse laser[J].Opt Express,2006,14(13):5954-5960.
16 SA van den Berg,S T Persijn,G J P Kok,et al..Manywavelength interferometry with thousands of lasers for absolute distance measurement[J].Phys Rev Lett,2012,108(18):183901.
17 JYe.Absolute measurement of a long,arbitrary distance to less than an optical fringe[J].Opt Lett,2004,29(10):1153-1155.
18 JLee,Y Kim,K Lee,et al..Time-of-flight measurement with femtosecond light pulses[J].Nat Photon,2010,4(10):716-720.
19 K Minoshima,H Matsumoto.High-accuracy measurement of240 -m distance in an optical tunnel by use of a compact femtosecond laser[J].Appl Opt,2000,39(30):5512-5517.
20 ICoddington,W C Swann,L Nenadovic,et al..Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range[J].Nat Photon,2009,3(6):351-356.
21 Wang Guochao,Yan Shuhua,Yang Jun,et al..Analysis of an innovative method for large-scale high-precision absolute distance measurement based on multi-heterodyne interference of dual optical frequency combs[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(7):070601.王国超,颜树华,杨俊,等.一种双光梳多外差大尺寸高精度绝对测距新方法的理论分析[J].物理学报,2013,62(7):070601.
22 Seung-Woo Kim.Combs rule[J].Nat Photon,2009,3(6):313-314.
23 Liang Jing,Long Xingwu,Zhang Bin.Study on a new kind of multi-wavelength absolute distance interferometer[J].Optical Technique,2008,34(5):681-683.梁晶,龙兴武,张斌.一种新型多波长绝对距离干涉测量系统的研究[J].光学技术,2008,34(5):681-683.
24 K Meiners-Hagen,R Schdel,F Pollinger,et al..Multiwavelength interferometry for length measurements using diode lasers[J].Meas Sci Rev,2009,9(1):16-26.
25 Liang Jing,Long Xingwu,Zhang Bin.Absolute distance measurement by using 117μm synthetic wavelength[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(10):2947-2951.梁晶,龙兴武,张斌.用117μm合成波长实现绝对距离干涉测量[J].光学学报,2010,30(10):2947-2951.
26 Zhang Jitao,Wu Xuejian,Li Yan,et al..Method for improving the accuracy of step height measurement based on optical frequency comb[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(10):100601.张继涛,吴学健,李岩,等.利用光频梳提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法[J].物理学报,2012,61(10):100601.
27 Young-Jin Kim,Yunseok Kim,Byung Jae Chun,et al..Allfiber-based optical frequency generation from an Er-doped fiber femtosecond laser[J].Opt Express,2009,17(13):10939-10945.
28 CE Towers,D P Towers,J D C Jones.Optimum frequency selection in multi-frequency interferometry[J].Opt Lett,2003,28(11):887-889.
29 F Konstantinos,David P Towers,Catherine E Towers.Multiwavelength interferometry:extended range metrology[J].Opt Lett,2009,34(7):950-952.
30 CR Tilford.Analytical procedure for determining lengths from fractional fringes[J].Appl Opt,1977,16(7):1857-1860.
31 Erik Benkler,Felix Rohde,Harald R Telle.Robust interferometric frequency lock between cw lasers and optical frequency combs[J].Opt Lett,2013,38(4):555-557.
32 Jun Ye,Steven T Cundiff.Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb:Principle,Operation,and Applications[M].Norwell:Springer,2005.24-30.