SLM增材制造工件成形取向的优化
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摘要
由于SLM增材制造是在高度方向上逐层成形,因此增材制造中工件成形取向十分重要。成形取向不仅影响工件的质量,并且决定了支撑的添加位置和数量。优化工件成形取向,可以减小支撑数量和支撑去除工作量,提高工件表面质量和成形效率。优化成形取向是增材制造工艺设计的第一步。目前在成形取向选取上多依靠主观经验,对复杂结构件则难以判断其较优成形取向。本文通过旋转工件成形取向,比较工件在各方向上的支撑面积,以工件所需支撑体积最小为目标,建立了工件成形取向的优化模型。并通过实际典型工件验证了模型的正确性与算法的有效性。
Since the SLM additive manufacturing is a method of layer by layer forming in the height direction, so the building orientation of parts is very important in additive manufacturing, affecting the quality of parts and determining the adding position and number of supports. Optimizing the building orientation can reduce the number of the supports and the work to remove them and improve the surface quality of parts and forming efficiency. Optimization of the forming direction is the first step in the process design for additive manufacturing. At present, the selection of the building orientation mainly depends on experience, thus, it is difficult to judge the optimal building orientation for complex structure parts. The supporting areas of part in each building orientation were compared by rotating the building orientation of the part, and aiming at minimizing the supporting volume of part, optimization model of building orientation of the part was established. The correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm were verified by the actual typical parts.
Since the SLM additive manufacturing is a method of layer by layer forming in the height direction, so the building orientation of parts is very important in additive manufacturing, affecting the quality of parts and determining the adding position and number of supports. Optimizing the building orientation can reduce the number of the supports and the work to remove them and improve the surface quality of parts and forming efficiency. Optimization of the forming direction is the first step in the process design for additive manufacturing. At present, the selection of the building orientation mainly depends on experience, thus, it is difficult to judge the optimal building orientation for complex structure parts. The supporting areas of part in each building orientation were compared by rotating the building orientation of the part, and aiming at minimizing the supporting volume of part, optimization model of building orientation of the part was established. The correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm were verified by the actual typical parts.
引文
[1]杨永强,王迪,杨斌,等.激光快速成型技术在精密金属零件快速制造中的应用[J].航空制造技术,2010(16):48-52.
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[3]刘婷婷,张长东,廖文和,等.激光选区熔化成形悬垂结构熔池行为试验分析[J].中国激光,2016,43(12):70-76.
[4] Yang Z Y, Chen Y H, Sze W S.Determining build orientation for layer-based machining[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2001,18(5):313-322.
[5] Arni R, Gupta S K. Manufacturability analysis of flatness tolerances in solid freeform fabrication[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, 2001, 123(1):148-156.
[6] Allen S, Dutta D. On the computation of part orientation using support structures in layered manufacturing[C]//Proceedings of solid freeform fabrication symposium. University of Texas at Austin, Austin,1994:259-269.
[7]王崴,洪军.非线性规划在激光快速成型制作方向优化中的应用[J].机械设计与制造,2003(2):85-87.
[8]赵吉宾,何利英,刘伟军,等.快速成型制造中零件制作方向的优化方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2006, 18(3):456-463.
[9] Alexander P, Allen S, Dutta D. Part orientation and build cost determination in layered manufacturing[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(5):343-356.
[10] https://www.simufact.com/simufact-additive.html[OL].
[2]杨永强,卢建斌,王迪,等. 316L不锈钢选区激光熔化成型非水平悬垂面研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2011,19(6):94-99.
[3]刘婷婷,张长东,廖文和,等.激光选区熔化成形悬垂结构熔池行为试验分析[J].中国激光,2016,43(12):70-76.
[4] Yang Z Y, Chen Y H, Sze W S.Determining build orientation for layer-based machining[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2001,18(5):313-322.
[5] Arni R, Gupta S K. Manufacturability analysis of flatness tolerances in solid freeform fabrication[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, 2001, 123(1):148-156.
[6] Allen S, Dutta D. On the computation of part orientation using support structures in layered manufacturing[C]//Proceedings of solid freeform fabrication symposium. University of Texas at Austin, Austin,1994:259-269.
[7]王崴,洪军.非线性规划在激光快速成型制作方向优化中的应用[J].机械设计与制造,2003(2):85-87.
[8]赵吉宾,何利英,刘伟军,等.快速成型制造中零件制作方向的优化方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2006, 18(3):456-463.
[9] Alexander P, Allen S, Dutta D. Part orientation and build cost determination in layered manufacturing[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(5):343-356.
[10] https://www.simufact.com/simufact-additive.html[OL].