基于Penman公式修正式估算大豆田生长季地表蒸散量
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摘要
Penman公式是目前国内外计算水面蒸发和可能蒸发的主要方法,可用于推算某区域实际蒸发量,但其多为经验公式,精度受当地小气候和环境影响,故很多专家学者根据当地小气候和环境对公式进行了修订。为使Penman公式可实际应用于三江平原,本文利用2011、2012年三江平原大豆田小气候观测资料,着重对Penman公式的干燥力项(Ea)经验公式进行区域适用性修正,得出Penman公式修正式,其实测值与模拟值回归方程的截距0.47,斜率0.71,相对方差(RRMSE)值0.31,标准误差(RMSE)值0.68,模型效率(ME)0.87,决定系数R2=0.62,接近理想值,与修正前Penman公式得出的干燥力Ea相比,修正后的公式更为精确;以三江平原大豆田的实测蒸散量为依据,对模型修正前后模拟值和实测值的相对误差进行了检验,修正后模型年相对误差(18.41%)较修正前(71.39%)降低了52.98个百分点,精度明显提高,说明修正后模型更适用于三江平原地区大豆田生长季地表蒸散量的估算。
Penman formula is the main method to calculate water surface evaporation and possible evaporation in the world,being used to estimate the actual evaporation in a certain area.However,the formula is mostly empirical formula,the accuracy is affected by local microclimate and environment,so many experts and scholars revised the formula according to local microclimate and environment.In order to make the Penman formula applicable to the Sanjiang plain,this paper amended the drying force term(Ea) of the empirical formula according to the microclimate observation data of Sanjiang plain soybean field in 2011 and 2012.According to the regression equation between the measured and simulated data of the revised formula,the intercept was 0.47,the slope was 0.71,the relative variance(RRMSE) was 0.31,the standard error(RMSE) was 0.68,the model efficiency(ME) was 0.87,and the determinant coefficient R2 was 0.62,which was close to the ideal value,indicating that the accuracy was improved significantly compared with the original Penman formula.According to the measured evapotranspiration of soybean field in Sanjiang plain,the annual relative error between the simulated and measured value of the revised model(18.41%) was decreased by 52.98 percentages compared to the original model(71.39%),which the accuracy of the revised model was obviously improved,indicating that the revised model was more suitable for estimating the surface evapotranspiration of soybean fields in the Sanjiang plain during the growing season.
Penman formula is the main method to calculate water surface evaporation and possible evaporation in the world,being used to estimate the actual evaporation in a certain area.However,the formula is mostly empirical formula,the accuracy is affected by local microclimate and environment,so many experts and scholars revised the formula according to local microclimate and environment.In order to make the Penman formula applicable to the Sanjiang plain,this paper amended the drying force term(Ea) of the empirical formula according to the microclimate observation data of Sanjiang plain soybean field in 2011 and 2012.According to the regression equation between the measured and simulated data of the revised formula,the intercept was 0.47,the slope was 0.71,the relative variance(RRMSE) was 0.31,the standard error(RMSE) was 0.68,the model efficiency(ME) was 0.87,and the determinant coefficient R2 was 0.62,which was close to the ideal value,indicating that the accuracy was improved significantly compared with the original Penman formula.According to the measured evapotranspiration of soybean field in Sanjiang plain,the annual relative error between the simulated and measured value of the revised model(18.41%) was decreased by 52.98 percentages compared to the original model(71.39%),which the accuracy of the revised model was obviously improved,indicating that the revised model was more suitable for estimating the surface evapotranspiration of soybean fields in the Sanjiang plain during the growing season.
引文
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[8]邓根云.水面蒸发量的一种气候学计算方浩[J].气象学报,1979(3):87-95.
[9]陶祖文.农田蒸散和土壤水份变化的计算方法[J].气象学报,1979(4):79-87.
[10]沈行毅.太湖水面蒸发量的一种气候学计算方法[J].水文,1984(4):12-18.
[11]闵骞.彭曼公式应用中的两个问题的探讨[J].气象,1992(11):17-21.
[12]隋景跃,张国林.蒸发量变化特征及影响因素研究[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(7):725-728.
[2]朱英浩.热量平衡方程修正下的Penman公式[J].武汉水利电力学院学报,1991,24(6):642-650.
[3]贺多芬.我国北方五省冬小麦生长期的自然水分条件对其产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,1979(4):6-18.
[4]宋易伦,张德鑫,黄振昌.蒸发散Penman估算方程式风速函数型态之建立[C]//1995年度农业工程研讨论文集,2006:634-645.
[5]金龙,丁德峻,罗莹.最大可能蒸发量的计算分析[J].气象科学,1989,9(2):217-222.
[6]杜筱玲,魏丽,黄少平,等.蒸发力估算及其在江西省农业水资源评估中的应用[J].中国农业气象,2005,26(3):161-164,169.
[7]WILLEM WV,FRANK V,JAN F.On temperature and water limitation of net ecosystem productivity:Implementation in the C-Fix model[J].Ecological modeling,2006,199:4-22.
[8]邓根云.水面蒸发量的一种气候学计算方浩[J].气象学报,1979(3):87-95.
[9]陶祖文.农田蒸散和土壤水份变化的计算方法[J].气象学报,1979(4):79-87.
[10]沈行毅.太湖水面蒸发量的一种气候学计算方法[J].水文,1984(4):12-18.
[11]闵骞.彭曼公式应用中的两个问题的探讨[J].气象,1992(11):17-21.
[12]隋景跃,张国林.蒸发量变化特征及影响因素研究[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(7):725-728.