1981～2010年辽宁省气候变化区划
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摘要
根据辽宁省61个站1981~2010年日气象观测数据,连续两次利用一元线性回归方法,分析日平均气温稳定≥10℃的日数、年干燥度以及7月平均气温时空分布特征。在年际变化上,3种气候区划指标总体呈缓慢上升(减小、上升)趋势,波动强度呈缓慢减弱(减弱、上升)趋势;但亦存在较明显的空间分布差异,辽南、辽西地区≥10℃积温日数变化趋势(波动强度)呈缓慢下降(减弱)趋势,其他大部分地区呈缓慢上升(加强)趋势。辽西、辽南地区干燥度(波动强度)呈缓慢减小(减弱)趋势,其他地区变化趋势(波动强度)呈交错分布特征。7月平均气温全区呈缓慢增加趋势,南部地区波动强度呈缓慢增强趋势,其他大部分地区呈缓慢减弱趋势。参照郑景云的气候区划三级指标体系,对辽宁省1981~2010年气候状况进行区划,将辽宁省分为2个温度带、3个干湿区、10个气候区。辽宁中西部大部地区属暖温带,东部地区属中温带;西北部属半干旱区,中部属半湿润区,东部属湿润区。
Based on the daily meteorological data of 61 stations in Liaoning province from 1981 to 2010,the annual dryness,the day number with daily average air temperature equal to or more than 10 ℃(DN10),and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of average air temperature in July were analyzed by using linear regression method twice. The interannual variations in the above three climatic regionalization indexes generally showed slow rising(decreasing,rising) trend,and their fluctuation intensity revealed the trend of slow weakening(weakening,strengthening). But there were obvious differences in the spatial distribution among 3 indexes. The variation trend(fluctuation intensity) of DN10 was slowly decreased(weakened) in southern and western Liaoning,and was slowly increased(strengthened) in the other most areas of Liaoning. The variation trend(fluctuation intensity) of annual dryness was slowly decreased(weakened) in southern and western Liaoning,and showed staggered distribution characteristics in the other areas of Liaoning. The average air temperature in July in the whole province showed a slow increasing trend,and its fluctuation intensity strengthened slowly in southern Liaoning and weakened slowly in the other most areas of this province. According to the three-level climatic regionalization index system proposed by ZHENG Jing-yun,this study regionalized the climate of Liaoning province from 1981 to 2010,and divided this province into 2 temperature zones,3 arid/humid regions and10 climate sub-regions. The central and western most parts of Liaoning belonged to warm temperate zone,the eastern part belonged to middle temperate zone,the northwestern part belonged to semi-arid region,the central part belonged to semi-humid region,and the eastern part belonged to humid region.
Based on the daily meteorological data of 61 stations in Liaoning province from 1981 to 2010,the annual dryness,the day number with daily average air temperature equal to or more than 10 ℃(DN10),and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of average air temperature in July were analyzed by using linear regression method twice. The interannual variations in the above three climatic regionalization indexes generally showed slow rising(decreasing,rising) trend,and their fluctuation intensity revealed the trend of slow weakening(weakening,strengthening). But there were obvious differences in the spatial distribution among 3 indexes. The variation trend(fluctuation intensity) of DN10 was slowly decreased(weakened) in southern and western Liaoning,and was slowly increased(strengthened) in the other most areas of Liaoning. The variation trend(fluctuation intensity) of annual dryness was slowly decreased(weakened) in southern and western Liaoning,and showed staggered distribution characteristics in the other areas of Liaoning. The average air temperature in July in the whole province showed a slow increasing trend,and its fluctuation intensity strengthened slowly in southern Liaoning and weakened slowly in the other most areas of this province. According to the three-level climatic regionalization index system proposed by ZHENG Jing-yun,this study regionalized the climate of Liaoning province from 1981 to 2010,and divided this province into 2 temperature zones,3 arid/humid regions and10 climate sub-regions. The central and western most parts of Liaoning belonged to warm temperate zone,the eastern part belonged to middle temperate zone,the northwestern part belonged to semi-arid region,the central part belonged to semi-humid region,and the eastern part belonged to humid region.
引文
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[2]D.Brent Mcroberts,John W.Nielsen-gammon.A new homogenized climate division precipitation dataset for analysis of climate variability and climate change[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,2011,50(6):1187-1199.
[3]I.D.Stewart,T.R.Oke.Local climate zones for urban temperature studies[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2012,93(12):1879-1900.
[4]Peter A.Bieniek,John E.Walsh,Richard L.Thoman,et al.Using climate divisions to analyze variations and trends in alaska temperature and precipitation[J].Journal of Climate,2014,27(8):2800-2818.
[5]Kirsti Jylh,Heikki Tuomenvirta,Kimmo Ruosteenoja,et al.Observed and projected future shifts of climatic zones in europe and their use to visualize climate change information[J].Weather,Climate,and Society,2010,2(2):148-167.
[6]Russell S.Vose,Scott Applequist,Mike Squires,et al.Improved historical temperature and precipitation time series for u.s.climate divisions[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,2014,53(5):1232-1251.
[7]丘宝剑.中国农业气候区划再论[J].地理学报,1983(2):154-162.
[8]陈咸吉.中国气候区划新探[J].气象学报,1982(1):35
[9]毕宝贵,孙涵,毛留喜,等.中国精细化农业气候区划:方法与案例[M].北京:气象出版社,2014.
[10]郑景云,尹云鹤,李炳元.中国气候区划新方案[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):3-12.
[11]郑景云,卞娟娟,葛全胜,等.中国1951-1980年及1981-2010年的气候区划[J].地理研究,2013,32(6):987-997.
[12]郑景云,卞娟娟,葛全胜,等.1981-2010年中国气候区划[J].科学通报,2013,58(30):3088-3099.
[13]车秀芬,张京红,黄海静,等.海南岛气候区划研究[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(6):60-65+70.
[14]Qian W H,Qin A,Precipitation division and climate shift in china from 1960 to 2000[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2008,93(1-2):1-17.
[15]尹云鹤,吴绍洪,郑度,等.近30年我国干湿状况变化的区域差异[J].科学通报,2005(15):1636-1642.
[16]张永,陈发虎,勾晓华,等.中国西北地区季节间干湿变化的时空分布:基于PDSI数据[J].地理学报,2007(11):1142-1152.
[17]尹云鹤,吴绍洪,戴尔阜.1971-2008年我国潜在蒸散时空演变的归因[J].科学通报,2010,55(22):2226-2234.
[18]缪启龙,丁园圆,王勇.气候变暖对中国亚热带北界位置的影响[J].地理研究,2009,28(3):634-642.
[19]沙万英,邵雪梅,黄玫.20世纪80年代以来中国的气候变暖及其对自然区域界线的影响[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2002(4):317-326.
[20]王菱,谢贤群,李运生,等.中国北方地区40年来湿润指数和气候干湿带界线的变化[J].地理研究,2004(1):45-54.
[21]杨建平,丁永建,陈仁升,等.近50年中国干湿气候界线波动及其成因初探[J].气象学报,2003(3):364-373+387.
[22]王树廷.关于日平均气温稳定通过各级界限温度初终日期的统计方法[J].气象,1982(6):29-30.
[23]史培军,孙劭,汪明,等.中国气候变化区划(1961~2010年)[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(10):2294-2306.
[24]黄嘉佑.气象统计分析与预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2004.
[25]中国科学院《中国自然地理编辑委员会》.中国自然地理:气候[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1-161.
[26]Allen R G,Pereira L S,Raes D,et al.Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements.FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56[M].Rome:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,2008.
[27]Yin Y H,Wu S H,Zheng D,et al.Radiation calibration of fao56 penman–monteith model to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration in china[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(1):77-84.