川西高原酿酒葡萄气候区划研究
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摘要
以川西高原及周边地区73个气象站点1982-2011年30 a的逐日气象数据和川西高原90 m DEM数据为基础,选用生长季活动积温为酿酒葡萄气候区划的热量指标,干燥度为水分指标,采用多元逐步回归法分别建立了生长季活动积温和干燥度与地理、地形因子的关系模型,再结合残差内插法得到了空间化的气象数据模拟值,绘制了川西地区酿酒葡萄适宜栽培区分布图。研究结果显示,川西高原葡萄适宜栽培区分布在白水江河谷,岷江河谷,麻尔柯河及梭磨河河谷,多柯河河谷及大金川河谷,大金川及其支流河谷,雅砻江及其支流鲜水河河谷,水洛河河谷,金沙江及其支流硕曲、定曲河谷及大渡河河谷部分地区,与川西高原干旱河谷的分布一致;本区西南部酿酒葡萄适宜栽培区在海拔3 000 m以下,东北部大致在海拔1 300～2 500 m之间,东南部一般在1 700～2 800 m之间,不同区域、不同熟性葡萄适宜栽培的海拔范围有较大差异。将葡萄栽培区分布与区划结果对比发现,现有的葡萄实际栽培区全部分布在区划图中的葡萄适宜栽培区内,此区划方法适用于川西高原地区。
This study was performed based on the daily meteorological data of last 30 years(1982-2011) and90 meter Digital Elevation Database(DEM) of 73 meteorological stations in the Western Sichuan Plateau and its surrounding areas to build a suitable cultivation area map for wine grape growth. We used the active accumulated temperature in growing season of wine grape as the heat index and the dryness index as the moisture index for the climatic regionalization for wine grape growth. The relationship between active accumulated temperature and dryness in growing season and the geographical and topographical factors were modeled using the multiple stepwise regression method. In combination with the residual interpolation method,the spatialization simulation values were obtained. Then,a cultivation suitability distribution map for wine grape growth in the Western Sichuan was developed.The suitable areas are mainly distributed in Baishui River valley,Minjiang River valley,Maerke River valley,and Suomo River,Duoke River valley,Dajinchuan River and its tributary valley,Yalongjiang River and its tributary valley,Shuiluohe River valley,Jinshajiang River and its tributary valley,Dadu River and its tributary valley. The suitable cultivation elevation of wine grape was approximately 1 300 ～ 2 500 m in northeastern part,approximately1 700 ～ 2 800 m in southeastern region,and below 3 000 m in the southwestern region of the study area. The result showed that all of the suitable cultivation area for wine grape in the Western Sichuan Plateau distributed in the dry valleys,but the elevation varied significantly among regions and also grape varieties. The comparison of the current the grape cultivation area and the climatic regionalization results in this study indicated that the current growth of wine grape are all distributed in the suitable cultivation area. Therefore,this distribution map can be used for guiding wine grape growth in the Western Sichuan Plateau.
This study was performed based on the daily meteorological data of last 30 years(1982-2011) and90 meter Digital Elevation Database(DEM) of 73 meteorological stations in the Western Sichuan Plateau and its surrounding areas to build a suitable cultivation area map for wine grape growth. We used the active accumulated temperature in growing season of wine grape as the heat index and the dryness index as the moisture index for the climatic regionalization for wine grape growth. The relationship between active accumulated temperature and dryness in growing season and the geographical and topographical factors were modeled using the multiple stepwise regression method. In combination with the residual interpolation method,the spatialization simulation values were obtained. Then,a cultivation suitability distribution map for wine grape growth in the Western Sichuan was developed.The suitable areas are mainly distributed in Baishui River valley,Minjiang River valley,Maerke River valley,and Suomo River,Duoke River valley,Dajinchuan River and its tributary valley,Yalongjiang River and its tributary valley,Shuiluohe River valley,Jinshajiang River and its tributary valley,Dadu River and its tributary valley. The suitable cultivation elevation of wine grape was approximately 1 300 ～ 2 500 m in northeastern part,approximately1 700 ～ 2 800 m in southeastern region,and below 3 000 m in the southwestern region of the study area. The result showed that all of the suitable cultivation area for wine grape in the Western Sichuan Plateau distributed in the dry valleys,but the elevation varied significantly among regions and also grape varieties. The comparison of the current the grape cultivation area and the climatic regionalization results in this study indicated that the current growth of wine grape are all distributed in the suitable cultivation area. Therefore,this distribution map can be used for guiding wine grape growth in the Western Sichuan Plateau.
引文
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[2]陈亚梅,和润莲,刘洋,等.川西高山林线交错带凋落叶分解初期转化酶特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(13):1-10.
[3]冯莉,宋苒苒,侯皓.基于SWOT分析法下的四川省旅游业现状分析及策略研究[J].中国商论,2015,(17):152-154.
[4]徐柯健,张百平.大香格里拉地区自然与文化多样性[J].山地学报,2008,26(2):212-217.
[5]彭琴.体验经济时代川西山地体育旅游开发路径研究[J].四川体育科学,2016,35(3):88-90.
[6]李华.优质葡萄生态区——四川小金[J].葡萄栽培与酿酒,1987,(1):17-20.
[7]陈晓娟,张鸿,王剑,等.川西高原酿酒葡萄霜霉病和白粉病绿色防治技术[J].四川农业科技,2015,(3):38-39.
[8] Jorge T,Alain C. A multicriteria climatic classification system for rape-growing regions worldwide[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,124:81-97.
[9]李华,兰玉芳,王华.中国酿酒葡萄气候区划指标体系[J].科技导报,2011,29(1):75-79.
[10]李华,火兴三.中国酿酒葡萄气候区划的水分指标[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(9):1124-1128.
[11]李华,火兴三.酿酒葡萄区划热量指标的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(12):69-73.
[12]李学强,陈华英,马海燕,等.阿坝州酿酒葡萄栽培区划[J].阿坝科技,2011,(1):13-18.
[13]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[14]李华,颜雨,宋华红,等.甘肃省气候区划及酿酒葡萄品种区划指标[J].科技导报,2010,28(7):68-72.
[15]火兴三.中国酿酒葡萄气候区划指标体系及区域化研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[16] Huglin P. Nouveau Mode d'Evaluation Des Possibilities Heliothermiques d'un Milieu Viticole[M]. Symposium International Sur L'ecologie De La Vigne,1978,89-97(法语).
[17] Huglin P. Biologie et ecologie de la vigne[M]. Paris:Payot Lausanne,1986(法语).
[18] Winkler A J,Cook J A,Kliever W M. General Viticulture[M].Berkley:University of California Press,1974.
[19]罗国光.关于葡萄气候区划指标问题的探讨[J].河北林业科技,2004,(5):61-63.
[20]李华,王华,王艳君.中国葡萄气候区划与品种区域化[C]∥第九届国际葡萄与葡萄酒学术研讨会论文集.杨凌:西北农业科技大学出版社,2015:1-10.
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[22]舒守娟,王元,储惠芸.地理和地形影响下我国区域的气温空间分布[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(3):334-342.
[23]舒守娟,王元,熊安元.中国区域地理、地形因子对降水分布影响的估算和分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1703-1712.
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[27]朱琳,朱延年,陈明彬,等.基于GIS陕南商洛地区农业气候资源垂直分层[J].应用气象学报,2007,(1):108-113.
[28]杨文峰,朱琳,李星敏,等.基于GIS的陕西省酿酒葡萄气候区划[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(3):244-249.
[29]汪璇,吕家恪,刘洪斌,等.基于GIS的重庆农业气候资源空间分布精细模拟研究.中国农学通报,2009,25(14):256-262.
[30]彭俊贤.林区气温空间分布模拟技术探讨[J].林业科技,2011,36(4):38-39.
[31]叶江霞.横断山区温度及降雨气候资料空间信息化研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(19):11767-11770.
[32]王景雷,孙景生,周祖昊,等.基于DEM的作物需水量估算方法[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(5):36-38.
[33]刘勇,邹松兵.祁连山地区高分辨率气温降水量分布模型[J].兰州大学学报,2006,42(1):7-12.
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[36]高媛媛,刘琼,王红瑞,等.基于RS和GIS的干旱河谷范围界定方法研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(1):92-96.