低温干燥技术在中药领域的应用现状与展望
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摘要
中药物料具有热敏性、黏稠性、挥发性及染菌性等显著特征。为保证中药材及制剂的疗效,应合理控制其制备过程中的干燥温度。本文阐述了低温干燥在中药领域应用的必要性以及针对不同物料特性时常用低温干燥技术和设备的适用性。分析了低温干燥技术存在的工艺与设备匹配差异、低温条件与干燥效率及高成本与高品质间的矛盾等问题,并提出了相应的对策。随着低温干燥相关基础理论研究的不断深入、智能装备制造技术的不断发展,高效低耗的低温干燥技术装备在中药工业生产领域中的广泛应用将成为现实。
The obvious characteristics of heat-sensitivity, viscosity, volatility and bacterial susceptibility of materials in traditional Chinese medicine are summarized in this paper. In order to ensure the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines and their preparations, the drying temperature should be reasonably controlled. Thus, the necessity of application of low temperature drying technology to traditional Chinese medicine and the applicability of commonly used low temperature drying technologies and drying equipment are described. The differences in process and equipment matching between low-temperature drying technology, the contradiction between low temperature conditions and high drying efficiency, as well as the contradiction between high cost and high quality are analyzed. Some corresponding countermeasures are proposed. With the continuous deepening of theoretical research related to low temperature drying and the continuous development of smart equipment manufacturing technologies, low temperature drying technology will occupy an important position in the industrial production of traditional Chinese medicine.
The obvious characteristics of heat-sensitivity, viscosity, volatility and bacterial susceptibility of materials in traditional Chinese medicine are summarized in this paper. In order to ensure the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines and their preparations, the drying temperature should be reasonably controlled. Thus, the necessity of application of low temperature drying technology to traditional Chinese medicine and the applicability of commonly used low temperature drying technologies and drying equipment are described. The differences in process and equipment matching between low-temperature drying technology, the contradiction between low temperature conditions and high drying efficiency, as well as the contradiction between high cost and high quality are analyzed. Some corresponding countermeasures are proposed. With the continuous deepening of theoretical research related to low temperature drying and the continuous development of smart equipment manufacturing technologies, low temperature drying technology will occupy an important position in the industrial production of traditional Chinese medicine.
引文
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[31]徐晚秀,李臻锋,李静,等.微波干燥温度和物料厚度对铁棍山药片品质的影响[J].食品与机械,2016,32(11):191-193.
[32]刘业凤,周国梁,李续.真空冷冻干燥蒜丁实际生产的能耗研究[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):242-247.
[2]赵丹丹,陈冬,彭郁,等.枸杞热风干燥过程动力学模型及品质分析[J].中国食品学报,2018,18(3):114-124.
[3]张雪,谢晓芳.中药饮片干燥的研究概况[J].中国民族民间医药,2016,25(1):32-33.
[4]徐小东,崔政伟.农产品和食品干燥技术及设备的现状和发展[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(12):171-174.
[5]代春艳,鲁惠珍,蔡良辉,等.干燥技术对玛咖品质的影响[J].中国医药工业杂志,2016,47(6):702-705.
[6]王庆惠,李忠新,杨劲松,等.圣女果分段式变温变湿热风干燥特性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):271-276.
[7]刘小红,刘建群.中药热敏活性成分研究进展[J].亚太传统医药,2014,10(20):37-40.
[8]赵志刚,郜舒蕊,侯俊玲,等.不同产地加工方法对山东丹参药材质量的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(8):1396-1400.
[9]詹娟娟,伍振峰,尚悦,等.中药浸膏干燥工艺现状及存在的问题分析[J].中草药,2017,48(12):2365-2370.
[10]张洁,孙达峰,张卫明.未经真空干燥处理的白芨多糖的溶液流变性[J].中国野生植物资源,2012,31(6):44-46.
[11]袁荣献.中药制剂提取浸膏干燥工艺的改进[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2014,36(4):154-155.
[12]李强.离心喷雾干燥塔的改进和优化[J].干燥技术和设备,2011,9(5):268-273.
[13]黄罗生,顾燕飞,李红.中药挥发油及芳香性药物的研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(12):1605-1611.
[14]周冰,刘培,鲁学军,等.禹白芷适宜干燥加工方式的优选研究[J].中药材,2016,39(7):1509-1515.
[15]伍振峰,冯少俊,万娜,等.中药及其制剂微波灭菌技术应用现状分析[J].世界科学技术:中医药现代化,2016,18(10):1771-1775.
[16]张芳,康三江,张永茂,等.当归微波干燥灭菌工艺优化研究[J].中国现代中药,2017,19(10):1461-1465.
[17]王学成,伍振峰,王雅琪,等.中药丸剂干燥工艺、装备应用现状及问题分析[J].中草药,2016,47(13):2365-2372.
[18]张芳,张永茂,郑娅,等.党参热风干燥工艺优化[J].时珍国医国药,2016,27(9):2161-2164.
[19]窦增花,李虎业.3种干燥方法对玄参中哈巴俄苷和肉桂酸含量的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(9):2059-2061.
[20]韦迎春,闫明,孙永城,等.Box-Behnken法优化调压颗粒醇提浸膏真空带式干燥工艺[J].中国医药工业杂志,2017,48(2):187-190.
[21]龚行楚,瞿海斌.微波干燥在中药制药中的应用进展[J].世界科学技术:中医药现代化,2011,13(2):374-378.
[22]王冠茹,卞玮,倪美萍,等.冷冻干燥法在乳剂固体化中的应用研究[J].中国医药工业杂志,2016,47(2):217-224.
[23]詹娟娟,伍振峰,王雅琪,等.中药材及制剂干燥工艺与装备现状及问题分析[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(23):4715-4720.
[24]JIANG H,ZHANG M,LIU Y,et al.The energy consumption and color analysis of freeze/microwave freeze banana chips[J].Food Bioprod Process,2013,91(4):464-472.
[25]RAHMAN S M A,SAIDUR R.A novel atmospheric freeze dryer using simultaneous application of subzero and hot air streams using a vortex chiller[J].Dry Technol,2016,34(12):1406-1413.
[26]DJAENI M,VAN STRATEN G,BARTELS P V,et al.Energy efficiency of multi-stage adsorption drying for lowtemperature drying[J].Dry Technol,2009,27(4):555-564.
[27]徐娓,赵义,丁静,等.含挥发油类中药材低温吸附干燥新技术[J].中成药,2005,27(10):1135-1138.
[28]徐娓,丁静,赵义,等.低温吸附干燥新技术及其在陈皮干燥中的应用[J].现代中药研究与实践,2007,22(2):52-55.
[29]徐健,李平波,朱鸭梅,等.吸附干燥工艺条件对川白芷有效成分及形貌影响的研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2012,26(3):442-448.
[30]庄棪,戴欣烨,崔群,等.薰衣草吸附干燥特性及工艺条件研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2017,31(4):810-817.
[31]徐晚秀,李臻锋,李静,等.微波干燥温度和物料厚度对铁棍山药片品质的影响[J].食品与机械,2016,32(11):191-193.
[32]刘业凤,周国梁,李续.真空冷冻干燥蒜丁实际生产的能耗研究[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):242-247.