空气相对湿度对高温下番茄幼苗营养物质含量及干物质分配的影响
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摘要
以番茄品种"金粉五号"为试材,于2016年4-9月在南京信息工程大学利用人工气候箱进行试验,设置温度为41℃(昼温)/18℃(夜温),空气相对湿度(白天)分别设置为50%、70%和90%(正负误差控制在5个百分点),并以28℃/18℃、45%~55%为对照处理(CK),测定不同处理对植株各器官营养物质及干物质分配的影响。结果表明:(1)高温条件下,番茄幼苗各器官的可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量均显著高于正常温湿度条件下(CK),而蛋白质含量则显著低于CK(P<0.05);从不同空气湿度处理来看,增加湿度至70%以上时幼苗各器官可溶性糖含量降低,且湿度越高其含量越低,处理间差异显著(P<0.05);而游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量表现为,随着空气相对湿度的增大,番茄幼苗各器官的游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量明显上升。(2)高温条件下番茄幼苗叶片干物质分配比例增加,茎秆和根系干物质分配比例均降低,且湿度越低,其分配比例与CK差距越大,在50%湿度处理下,幼苗茎秆和根系干物质分配比例显著降低(P<0.05),对植株生长极为不利。(3)在高温胁迫解除后,70%和90%湿度处理的幼苗有更高的恢复能力,在恢复处理的第12天植株营养物质含量和干物质分配比例基本恢复至CK水平。说明41℃高温环境中增加空气湿度至70%以上有效提高了番茄植株的耐热性和胁迫解除后的恢复能力。
Took tomato variety of ‘Jinfen5' as material, the experiment was conducted in Venlo greenhouse of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology from April to September in 2016. The temperature was maintained at 41℃/18℃(day/night), the humidity(daytime) was set at 50%, 70%, and 90%(±5 percent points), and 28℃/18 ℃and 45%-55% was took as control(CK), to determine the effects of different treatments on the distribution of nutrients and dry matter in different organs of plants. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar and free amino acids in different organs of tomato seedlings were significantly higher than those under normal temperature and humidity conditions(CK) at high temperature, but the protein content was significantly lower than CK(P<0.05).When the humidity was increased to above 70%, the content of soluble sugar in various organs of tomato seedlings decreased, and the higher the humidity was, the lower the content of soluble sugar was in different air humidity treatments, the differences of treatments were obvious(P<0.05). The contents of free amino acids and soluble proteins in different organs of tomato seedlings were as follows, the higher the air humidity, the higher the contents of free amino acids and soluble proteins. The proportion of dry matter in tomato seedling leaves increased, the proportion of dry matter in stems and roots decreased at high temperature, and the lower the humidity, the greater the difference with CK. The proportion of dry matter in stems and roots decreased significantly(P<0.05), it was extremely unfavorable to plant growth under 50% humidity. After the high temperature stress was relieved, 70% and 90% of humidity treated tomatoes had higher recovery ability, and the ratio of nutrient and dry matter allocation of plants returned to CK level on the 12 th day during recovery. The results indicated that increasing air humidity to more than 70% can effectively improve the heat resistance and resilience after the high temperature stress on tomato.
Took tomato variety of ‘Jinfen5' as material, the experiment was conducted in Venlo greenhouse of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology from April to September in 2016. The temperature was maintained at 41℃/18℃(day/night), the humidity(daytime) was set at 50%, 70%, and 90%(±5 percent points), and 28℃/18 ℃and 45%-55% was took as control(CK), to determine the effects of different treatments on the distribution of nutrients and dry matter in different organs of plants. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar and free amino acids in different organs of tomato seedlings were significantly higher than those under normal temperature and humidity conditions(CK) at high temperature, but the protein content was significantly lower than CK(P<0.05).When the humidity was increased to above 70%, the content of soluble sugar in various organs of tomato seedlings decreased, and the higher the humidity was, the lower the content of soluble sugar was in different air humidity treatments, the differences of treatments were obvious(P<0.05). The contents of free amino acids and soluble proteins in different organs of tomato seedlings were as follows, the higher the air humidity, the higher the contents of free amino acids and soluble proteins. The proportion of dry matter in tomato seedling leaves increased, the proportion of dry matter in stems and roots decreased at high temperature, and the lower the humidity, the greater the difference with CK. The proportion of dry matter in stems and roots decreased significantly(P<0.05), it was extremely unfavorable to plant growth under 50% humidity. After the high temperature stress was relieved, 70% and 90% of humidity treated tomatoes had higher recovery ability, and the ratio of nutrient and dry matter allocation of plants returned to CK level on the 12 th day during recovery. The results indicated that increasing air humidity to more than 70% can effectively improve the heat resistance and resilience after the high temperature stress on tomato.
引文
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[3]杨世琼,杨再强,王琳,等.高温高湿交互对设施番茄叶片光合特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,(1):57-63.Yang S Q,Yang Z Q,Wang L,et al.Effect of high humidity and high temperature interaction on photosynthetic characteristics of greenhouse tomato crops[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,(1):57-63.
[4]Heuvelink E.Tomato growth and yield:quantitative analysis and synthesis[D].The Netherlands:Wageningen Agriculture University,1996.
[5]倪纪恒,罗卫红,李永秀,等.温室番茄干物质分配与产量的模拟分析[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):811-816.Ni J H,Luo W H,Li Y X,et al.Simulation of greenhouse tomato dry mass partitioning and yield and yield prediction[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(5):811-816.(in Chinese)
[6]Wahid A,Gelani S,Ashraf M,et al.Heat tolerance in plants:an overview[J].Environ Exp Bot,2007,61:199-223.
[7]周莉娟,叶陈亮.高温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗N素及C素代谢的影响[J].福建农业大学学报,1999,28(3):289-293.Zhou L J,Ye C L.Effect of high temperature stress on N and C metabolism in cucumber seedlings[J].Journal of Fujian Agricultural University,1999,28(3):289-293.(in Chinese)
[8]Holder R,Cockshull K E.Effects of humidity on the growth and yield of glasshouse tomatoes[J].Horticulture Science,1990,65(1):31-39.
[9]弓志青.温室温度与番茄生长、生产关系的分析[D].太古:山西农业大学,2003.Gong Z Q.Analysis of greenhouse temperature and tomato growth and production[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2003.(in Chinese)
[10]王姗姗.干热胁迫下增加空气湿度对缓解温室番茄高温危害的效果[D].太古:山西农业大学,2015.Wang S S.Effects of increasing air humidity on the damaging effects of high temperature on greenhouse tomato under dry and heat stress[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[11]Garraway M O,Akhtar M.Effect of high temperature stress on peroxidase activity[J].Phytopathology,2003,79(7):800-805.
[12]Gamejo D,Rodrguez P,Morales M A,et al.High temperature effects on photosynthetic activity of two tomato cultivars with different heat susceptibility[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,162:281-289.
[13]De Koning A.Development and dry matter distribution in glasshouse tomato:a quantitative approach[D].Dissertation Wageningen Agricultural University,1994:102-240.
[14]Cruz R,Ayala C G,Anaya A L.Allelochemical stress produced by the aqueous leachates of Callicarpaacuminata:effect on roots of beans,maize and tomato[J].Physiologia Piantarum,2002,116:20-27.
[15]Amarject B,Mohini S,Sangeeta S.Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorous on the chlorophyll,nitrogen,protein and ascorbic acid content of Lantana canara[J].Alleopathy Journal,2005,15(2):305-310.
[16]Rohn S,Rawel H M,Kroll J.Inhibitory effects of plant phenols on the activity of selected enzymes[J].Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry,2002,50:66-71.
[17]Mary M,Peet D H,Willits R.Response of ovule development and post-pollen production processes in male-sterile tomatoes to chronic,sub-acute high temperature stress[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1997,48(306):101-111.
[18]Walker A J,Ho L C.Carbon translocation in the tomato:effects of fruit temperature on carbon metabolism and the rate of translocation[J].Annals of Botany,1977,41(4):825-832.
[19]张洁,李天来,徐晶.昼间亚高温对日光温室番茄光合作用及物质积累的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(2):228-233.Zhang J,Li T L,Xu J.Effect of daytime sub-high temperatureon photosynthesis and matter accumulation of tomato in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Horticulture,2005,32(2):228 -233.(in Chinese)
[20]刘建福,陈李林,汤青林,等.不同土壤水分胁迫对澳洲坚果花期生长的影响[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(6):735-739.Liu J F,Chen L L,Tang Q L,et al.Effects of different soil water stress on the flowering stage of macadamia[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University(Natural Science),2004,(6):735-739.(in Chinese)
[21]黄艳慧,李亚灵,温祥珍.高温下不同空气湿度对温室番茄营养生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2010,15:138-143.Huang Y H,Li Y L,Wen X Z.Effects of different air humidity on tomato's vegetative growth in greenhouse at high temperature[J].Northern Gardening,2010,15:138-143.(in Chinese)
[22]Bertin N,Guichard S,Leonardi C,et al.Seasonal evolution of the quality of fresh glasshouse tomatoes under Mediterranean conditions,as affected by vapor pressure deficit and plant fruit loads[J].Annals of Botany,2000,85:741-750.
[23]Bakker J C.Effects of day and night humidity on yield and fruit quality of glasshouse tomatoes[J].Horticultural Science,1990,65:323-331.
[24]曹晋军,温祥珍,李亚灵.空气相对湿度变化对温室番茄植株糖代谢的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,31(3):235-238.Cao J J,Wen X Z,Li Y L.Effects of air relative humidity on sugar metabolism in tomato plants in greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2011,31(3):235-238.(in Chinese)
[25]赵世杰,史国安,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004.Zhao S J,Shi G A,Dong X C.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[26]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li H S.Plant physiology and biochemistry experiment principle and technology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[27]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007.Cao J K,Jiang W B,Zhao Y M.Post-harvest physiological and biochemical experiments guidance for fruits and vegetables[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2007.
[28]杨再强,赵翔,苏天星,等.光质对温室甜椒干物质生产和分配指数的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,(5):1117-1122.Yang Z Q,Zhao X,Su T X,et al.Effect of light quality on dry matter production and distribution index of bell pepper in greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,(5):1117-1122.(in Chinese)
[29]张洁,李天来,徐晶.长期昼间亚高温对日光温室番茄光合作用及光合产物分配的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2005,(3):7-10.Zhang J,Li T L,Xu J.Effects of long-term daytime subtropical heat on photosynthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in solar greenhouse[J].Chinese Vegetables,2005,(3):7-10.(in Chinese)
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