华北夏玉米干物质分配系数对干旱胁迫的响应
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摘要
干物质分配系数反映作物各器官干物质的分配与积累,研究干物质分配系数对干旱胁迫的响应,是研究干旱胁迫对作物生长发育影响的基础.本文基于华北夏玉米主产省山东、河北和山西3个试验点2013—2015年田间水分控制试验资料,建立了夏玉米苗期、抽雄期、灌浆期3个主要发育阶段叶、茎、穗的干物质分配系数与土壤相对湿度的定量关系模型,分析了叶、茎、穗干物质分配系数对不同程度干旱胁迫的响应.结果表明:3个阶段叶、茎、穗的干物质分配系数与土壤相对湿度均呈显著的一元二次关系.干旱胁迫下,叶片向外转运的干物质相对减少,叶干物质分配比例增加,并且在轻、中度干旱胁迫时的灌浆期(叶干物质分配系数增加0.04～0.09)以及重度干旱胁迫时的抽雄期(叶干物质分配系数增加0.17)响应最敏感.穗干物质分配系数对干旱胁迫表现为负响应,干旱胁迫越严重,分配系数越小,轻-重度干旱胁迫使穗干物质分配系数减小0.08～0.34.茎干物质分配系数对干旱胁迫的响应总体表现为灌浆期(正响应)>抽雄期(负响应)>苗期(负响应).
The dry matter partitioning coefficient( PC) reflects the distribution and accumulation of dry matter in crop organs. Understanding the responses of PC to drought stress is fundamental for understanding crop development under drought stress. Using field data collected under drought stress conditions during the period 2013-2015 at three sites( Xiajin,Shandong; Gucheng,Hebei; and Yuncheng,Shanxi) in North China,we quantified the effects of different drought stress intensities on the PC of stems,leaves and ears during the development stages( from emergence to jointing,from jointing to tasseling,and from tasseling to maturity). The results showed that PC of stems,leaves and ears showed significant quadratic relationships with relative soil moisture during all stages. Leaf PC was increased by 0.04-0. 09 during the grain-filling stage under light and moderate drought stress,and was increased by 0.17 during the tasseling stage under sever drought stress. On the contrary,drought stress had negative effects on the ear PC. With the increases of drought stress,less dry matter was allocated to ears. Under light to severe drought stresses,ear PC was decreased by 0.08-0.34. However,no consis-tent pattern was observed for the effects of drought stress on stem PC: negative effects were observed during the vegetative growth stage and positive effects were found in the mature stage. Overall,the degree of the responses of crop PC to drought stress under different phenology stages was in the order of grain-filling stage( positive) > tasseling stage( negative) > seedling stage( negative).
The dry matter partitioning coefficient( PC) reflects the distribution and accumulation of dry matter in crop organs. Understanding the responses of PC to drought stress is fundamental for understanding crop development under drought stress. Using field data collected under drought stress conditions during the period 2013-2015 at three sites( Xiajin,Shandong; Gucheng,Hebei; and Yuncheng,Shanxi) in North China,we quantified the effects of different drought stress intensities on the PC of stems,leaves and ears during the development stages( from emergence to jointing,from jointing to tasseling,and from tasseling to maturity). The results showed that PC of stems,leaves and ears showed significant quadratic relationships with relative soil moisture during all stages. Leaf PC was increased by 0.04-0. 09 during the grain-filling stage under light and moderate drought stress,and was increased by 0.17 during the tasseling stage under sever drought stress. On the contrary,drought stress had negative effects on the ear PC. With the increases of drought stress,less dry matter was allocated to ears. Under light to severe drought stresses,ear PC was decreased by 0.08-0.34. However,no consis-tent pattern was observed for the effects of drought stress on stem PC: negative effects were observed during the vegetative growth stage and positive effects were found in the mature stage. Overall,the degree of the responses of crop PC to drought stress under different phenology stages was in the order of grain-filling stage( positive) > tasseling stage( negative) > seedling stage( negative).
引文
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[17]Wang R(王锐),Li Y-F(李亚飞),Zhang L-J(张丽娟),et al.WOFOST model based on soil moisture driven and its adaptability.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology(中国农业气象),2015,36(3):263-271(in Chinese)
[18]Liu R-H(刘荣花),Xue C-Y(薛昌颖),Fang W-S(方文松),et al.Drought Grade of Summer Maize in Northern China.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2015:2(in Chinese)
[19]Ma Y-P(马玉平),Sun L-L(孙琳丽),Ma X-Q(马晓群).Ecophysiological responses of summer maize to drought and waterlogging in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas(干旱地区农业研究),2016,34(4):85-93(in Chinese)
[20]Yan C-P(阎翠萍),Zhang H(张虎),Wang J-J(王建军),et al.Study on law of biomass accumulation,distribution and transference of spring corn in the gully region.Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2002,10(1):67-71(in Chinese)
[21]Yang D-G(杨德光),Shen X-Y(沈秀瑛),Zhao T-H(赵天宏),et al.Research advances on physiological effects of corn drought.Crops(作物杂志),2001(5):1-4(in Chinese)
[22]Liu L(刘浏).The influence of drought on the growth and yield of maize.Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment(农业科技与装备),2015(11):6-7(in Chinese)
[23]Meng F-C(孟凡超),Liu M(刘明),Yu J-L(于吉琳),et al.Effects of dry stress on corn yield and dry matter distribution.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),2011,39(3):96-98(in Chinese)
[24]Liu S-T(刘树堂),Dong X-W(东先旺),Sun C-H(孙朝辉),et al.Effect of dry stress on growth development and yield of summer corn.Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College(莱阳农学院学报),2003,20(2):98-100(in Chinese)
[25]Bai X-L(白向历),Sun S-X(孙世贤),Yang G-H(杨国航),et al.Effect of dry stress on maize yield during different growing stage.Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2009,17(2):60-63(in Chinese)
[26]Yang G-H(杨国虎),Li J-S(李建生),Luo X-N(罗湘宁),et al.Studies on leaf area change and aboveground dry material accumulation and distribution of maize in different droughts.Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Natural Science)(西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版),2005,33(5):27-32(in Chinese)
[27]Yu Z-Q(于志青),Yu W-W(于卫卫),Tan X-S(谭秀山),et al.Effect of dry stress on dry matter partition of summer maize.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(华北农学报),2009,24(Suppl.):149-154(in Chinese)
[28]Hou W(侯威),Duan J-Q(段居琦).National Climate Impact Assessment(2013).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2013(in Chinese)
[29]Hou W(侯威),Huang D-P(黄大鹏).National Climate Impact Assessment(2014).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2014(in Chinese)
[30]Liao Y-M(廖要明),Zhong H-L(钟海玲).National Climate Impact Assessment(2015).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2015(in Chinese)
[2]Yin H-Z(尹红征),Lyu B-Q(吕冰清),Zheng G-Q(郑国清),et al.Simulation models of the maize yield formation.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(华北农学报),2004,19(3):73-76(in Chinese)
[3]Li H(李昊),Tan F-Y(谭方颖),Wang J-L(王建林),et al.Simulation on dry matter distribution coefficient for summer maize in North China.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology(中国农业气象),2016,37(3):335-342(in Chinese)
[4]Yao F-F(姚芳芳),Wang X-K(王效科),Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云).A simulation model of ozone stress on photosynthetic production and its allocation of winter wheat.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(11):2586-2593(in Chinese)
[5]Liu S-D(刘寿东),Yang Z-Q(杨再强),Su T-X(苏天星),et al.Impact of planting density on the dry matter formation and partition in sweet peppers in a solar greenhouse.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2010,30(15):4056-4064(in Chinese)
[6]Xu S-J(徐寿军),Yang H-S(杨恒山),Zheng G-C(郑根昌),et al.A model for predicting dry matter partitioning in barley.Journal of Triticeae Crops(麦类作物学报),2010,30(4):735-740(in Chinese)
[7]Contreras JI,Bueno I,Lao MT,et al.Green bean under organic and integrated crop systems in a Mediterranean area greenhouse:Effects on dry matter and nutrientextraction distribution pattern.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2013,44:776-782
[8]Liu X-Z(刘贤赵),Kang S-Z(康绍忠).Effects of shading on photosynthesis,dry matter partitioning and N,P,K concentrations in leaves of tomato plants at different growth stages.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2002,22(12):2264-2271(in Chinese)
[9]Li F-M(李凤民),Guo A-H(郭安红),Luo M(雒梅),et al.Effect of water supply from deep soil on dry matter production of winter wheat.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),1997,8(6):575-579(in Chinese)
[10]Li X-H(李晓航),Yang L-J(杨丽娟),Sheng K(盛坤),et al.Effects of different irrigation models on yield,distribution and transport of dry matter of wheat plant.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2015,31(30):33-37(in Chinese)
[11]Wang Y(王焱),Bi J-J(毕建杰),Liu J-D(刘建栋).Effects of dry stress on dry-matter distribution of winter wheat.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences(安徽农业科学),2009,37(15):7039-7042(in Chinese)
[12]Hu J-C(胡继超),Jiang D(姜东),Cao W-X(曹卫星),et al.Effect of short-term drought on leaf water potential,photosynthesis and dry matter partitioning in paddy rice.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2004,15(1):63-67(in Chinese)
[13]Ji R-P(纪瑞鹏),Che Y-S(车宇胜),Zhu Y-N(朱永宁),et al.Impacts of drought stress on the growth and development and grain yield of spring maize in Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2012,23(11):3021-3026(in Chinese)
[14]Ma S-Q(马树庆),Wang Q(王琪),Chen F-T(陈凤涛),et al.Impact of spring maize seeding growth on yield and assessment models of production cut under background of spring drought.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2015,31(suppl.1):171-179(in Chinese)
[15]Xu L-L(徐玲玲),Li H(李昊),Wang J-L(王建林),et al.Response of specific leaf area of summer maize to water gradient in Hebei Gucheng.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2017,37(23):8101-8106(in Chinese)
[16]Yao K-M(姚克敏),Zhong G-C(钟国长),Wu Y-H(吴义华),et al.Agricultural Meteorological Observation Specification.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1993(in Chinese)
[17]Wang R(王锐),Li Y-F(李亚飞),Zhang L-J(张丽娟),et al.WOFOST model based on soil moisture driven and its adaptability.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology(中国农业气象),2015,36(3):263-271(in Chinese)
[18]Liu R-H(刘荣花),Xue C-Y(薛昌颖),Fang W-S(方文松),et al.Drought Grade of Summer Maize in Northern China.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2015:2(in Chinese)
[19]Ma Y-P(马玉平),Sun L-L(孙琳丽),Ma X-Q(马晓群).Ecophysiological responses of summer maize to drought and waterlogging in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas(干旱地区农业研究),2016,34(4):85-93(in Chinese)
[20]Yan C-P(阎翠萍),Zhang H(张虎),Wang J-J(王建军),et al.Study on law of biomass accumulation,distribution and transference of spring corn in the gully region.Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2002,10(1):67-71(in Chinese)
[21]Yang D-G(杨德光),Shen X-Y(沈秀瑛),Zhao T-H(赵天宏),et al.Research advances on physiological effects of corn drought.Crops(作物杂志),2001(5):1-4(in Chinese)
[22]Liu L(刘浏).The influence of drought on the growth and yield of maize.Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment(农业科技与装备),2015(11):6-7(in Chinese)
[23]Meng F-C(孟凡超),Liu M(刘明),Yu J-L(于吉琳),et al.Effects of dry stress on corn yield and dry matter distribution.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),2011,39(3):96-98(in Chinese)
[24]Liu S-T(刘树堂),Dong X-W(东先旺),Sun C-H(孙朝辉),et al.Effect of dry stress on growth development and yield of summer corn.Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College(莱阳农学院学报),2003,20(2):98-100(in Chinese)
[25]Bai X-L(白向历),Sun S-X(孙世贤),Yang G-H(杨国航),et al.Effect of dry stress on maize yield during different growing stage.Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2009,17(2):60-63(in Chinese)
[26]Yang G-H(杨国虎),Li J-S(李建生),Luo X-N(罗湘宁),et al.Studies on leaf area change and aboveground dry material accumulation and distribution of maize in different droughts.Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Natural Science)(西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版),2005,33(5):27-32(in Chinese)
[27]Yu Z-Q(于志青),Yu W-W(于卫卫),Tan X-S(谭秀山),et al.Effect of dry stress on dry matter partition of summer maize.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(华北农学报),2009,24(Suppl.):149-154(in Chinese)
[28]Hou W(侯威),Duan J-Q(段居琦).National Climate Impact Assessment(2013).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2013(in Chinese)
[29]Hou W(侯威),Huang D-P(黄大鹏).National Climate Impact Assessment(2014).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2014(in Chinese)
[30]Liao Y-M(廖要明),Zhong H-L(钟海玲).National Climate Impact Assessment(2015).Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2015(in Chinese)