华北克拉通东南缘寒武系底部黑色碎屑岩系的物源分析及其对晚前寒武纪地质演化的约束
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摘要
华北克拉通东南缘新元古代—寒武纪交替时期黑色碎屑岩系马店组(或称为凤台组)的层序划分、时代归属、物源等基础地质问题仍存在分歧,本文从元素地球化学、碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学等角度开展综合分析,为合理建立华北克拉通东南缘地层格架及中、新元古代—早古生代构造演化提供重要证据。马店组整套碎屑岩系的绝大部分元素的富集系数(EF值)基本一致;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中于2.6~1.0Ga之间,包括~2.5Ga、~2.1Ga、~1.8Ga、1.6~1.4Ga和1.3~1.0Ga等多个年龄峰。马店组整体为寒武纪第二世的被动大陆边缘连续海侵地层;沉积物来源于华北克拉通内部徐淮地区,具有碳酸盐质新元古代盖层物源和非碳酸盐质早前寒武纪变质基底物源的两端元混合作用,其中>1.8Ga碎屑锆石来源于早前寒武纪变质基底,而中元古代碎屑锆石及砂砾级白云质碎屑来源于新元古代盖层,极少量新元古代碎屑锆石来源于新元古代初期基性岩墙群。华北克拉通周缘新元古界—下古生界中丰富的1.6~1.4Ga和1.3~1.0Ga碎屑锆石记录证实至少华北克拉通东缘和南缘曾有与北秦岭地区类似的中、新元古代构造带。该构造带中元古代时强烈地参与了Columbi超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆聚合过程,于新元古代初期为华北克拉通周缘盆地的主要物源供给区;约900 Ma可能与华北克拉通开始裂解,至早古生代马店组沉积时期其物源贡献已经完全缺失。
The sequence division,sedimentary age and provenance of the black clastic rock series called Madian Formation(or Fengtai Formation)between Neoproterozoic and Cambrian dolomites in the southeastern margin of North China Craton(NCC)are still debated.In this study,comprehensive analysis using elemental geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology has provided important evidence for stratigraphic framework and Meso-Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southeastern margin of NCC.The enrichment coefficients(EF)of most elements and U-Pb ages of detrital zircons of the whole Madian Formation are similar,and the latter mainly concentrated between 2.6 Ga and 1.0 Ga with multiple age peaks of～2.5 Ga,～2.1 Ga,～1.8 Ga,1.6～1.4 Ga and 1.3～1.0 Ga.The Madian Formation is generally considered a continuous transgressive stratum of the Cambrian series 2 epoch in the passive continental margin,with sediments entirely derived from the Xuhuai area in the interior of the North China Craton.The Madian Formation is characteristic of two-ends mixing between Neoproterozoic carbonatic sedimentary caprocks and early Precambrian metamorphic basements,manifested by difference of petrology,element geochemistry and provenance.Detrital zircons of>1.8 Ga were derived from the Early Precambrian metamorphic basement,while the Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons and gravel-grade dolomite debris clastic particles were from the Neoproterozoic sedimentary caprocks,with a very small amount of Neoproterozoic detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic basic dykes.1.6～1.4 Ga and 1.3～1.0 Ga detrital zircon records in the Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic of the periphery of NCC confirm that a Meso-Neoproterozoic tectonic belt developed at least in the eastern and southern margins of NCC,which are similar to those in the North Qinling region and was strongly involved in the process of Columbia supercontinent breakup and Rodinia supercontinent convergence during the Mesoproterozoic era.The tectonic belt was the main provenance supply area for rift basins in the eastern to southern margin of NCC during early Neoproterozoic era,and started breaking up from NCC at 900 Ma so that its provenance proportion has been completely missing in Early Paleozoic Madian formation deposition.
The sequence division,sedimentary age and provenance of the black clastic rock series called Madian Formation(or Fengtai Formation)between Neoproterozoic and Cambrian dolomites in the southeastern margin of North China Craton(NCC)are still debated.In this study,comprehensive analysis using elemental geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology has provided important evidence for stratigraphic framework and Meso-Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southeastern margin of NCC.The enrichment coefficients(EF)of most elements and U-Pb ages of detrital zircons of the whole Madian Formation are similar,and the latter mainly concentrated between 2.6 Ga and 1.0 Ga with multiple age peaks of～2.5 Ga,～2.1 Ga,～1.8 Ga,1.6～1.4 Ga and 1.3～1.0 Ga.The Madian Formation is generally considered a continuous transgressive stratum of the Cambrian series 2 epoch in the passive continental margin,with sediments entirely derived from the Xuhuai area in the interior of the North China Craton.The Madian Formation is characteristic of two-ends mixing between Neoproterozoic carbonatic sedimentary caprocks and early Precambrian metamorphic basements,manifested by difference of petrology,element geochemistry and provenance.Detrital zircons of>1.8 Ga were derived from the Early Precambrian metamorphic basement,while the Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons and gravel-grade dolomite debris clastic particles were from the Neoproterozoic sedimentary caprocks,with a very small amount of Neoproterozoic detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic basic dykes.1.6～1.4 Ga and 1.3～1.0 Ga detrital zircon records in the Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic of the periphery of NCC confirm that a Meso-Neoproterozoic tectonic belt developed at least in the eastern and southern margins of NCC,which are similar to those in the North Qinling region and was strongly involved in the process of Columbia supercontinent breakup and Rodinia supercontinent convergence during the Mesoproterozoic era.The tectonic belt was the main provenance supply area for rift basins in the eastern to southern margin of NCC during early Neoproterozoic era,and started breaking up from NCC at 900 Ma so that its provenance proportion has been completely missing in Early Paleozoic Madian formation deposition.
引文
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