平原感潮河网区域城市洪涝分析模型研究
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摘要
为开展平原感潮河网区域城市的洪涝分析,综合考虑了该类型区域河流密度大、具有城市的特殊下垫面以及市政排水对洪涝的影响等特点。以城市主干河流、堤防等交汇包围的区域为单元提出了河网排涝单元模型,以排水分区为单元按照其排水能力建立了排水概化模型,并与模拟主干河道和道路、模拟地面的洪水演进模型耦合,建立了平原感潮河网区域城市洪涝分析模型。以上海市浦西防洪保护区为例,开展了上游河道洪水、风暴潮及区域降雨和防洪工程调度综合影响下的洪涝分析。结果表明,黄浦公园等站潮(水)位过程与实测基本一致,苏州河、淀浦河、西大盈港等河流发生漫溢,与实际情况基本相符。研究成果对平原河网地区城市洪涝模拟具有参考价值。
In order to carry out the urban flood inundation analysis of plain tidal river network region,the characteristics of the region,such as large density of rivers,special underlying surface,impact from municipal drainage on flood inundation,are comprehensively considered. From which,an unit model of river network drainage is proposed by taking the region confluently surrounded by main urban river,embankment,etc. as a generalized model for drainage is established by taking the sub-regions of drainage as the units according to their drainage capacities,which are coupled with the flood routing model for simulating main river channel,road and land surface,and then the urban flood inundation analysis model for plain tidal river network region is established. By taking Puxi Flood Control Protected Area of Shanghai as a case,the analysis on the flood inundation under the comprehensive impacts of the flood from the upstream river channel,storm tide,regional rainfall and the operation of the flood control project is carried out. The result shows that the hydrographs of the tidal( water) levels at Huangpu ParkHydrological Station,etc. are basically consistent with those observed data,while overflows occur at Suzhouhe,Dianpuhr,Xidaying Gang rivers,which are generally coincided with those from the actual conditions. The study result has a reference value for simulating the urban flood inundation of plain river network region.
In order to carry out the urban flood inundation analysis of plain tidal river network region,the characteristics of the region,such as large density of rivers,special underlying surface,impact from municipal drainage on flood inundation,are comprehensively considered. From which,an unit model of river network drainage is proposed by taking the region confluently surrounded by main urban river,embankment,etc. as a generalized model for drainage is established by taking the sub-regions of drainage as the units according to their drainage capacities,which are coupled with the flood routing model for simulating main river channel,road and land surface,and then the urban flood inundation analysis model for plain tidal river network region is established. By taking Puxi Flood Control Protected Area of Shanghai as a case,the analysis on the flood inundation under the comprehensive impacts of the flood from the upstream river channel,storm tide,regional rainfall and the operation of the flood control project is carried out. The result shows that the hydrographs of the tidal( water) levels at Huangpu ParkHydrological Station,etc. are basically consistent with those observed data,while overflows occur at Suzhouhe,Dianpuhr,Xidaying Gang rivers,which are generally coincided with those from the actual conditions. The study result has a reference value for simulating the urban flood inundation of plain river network region.
引文
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[2]徐祖信,卢士强.平原感潮河网水动力模型研究[J].水动力研究与进展(A辑),2003,18(2):176-181.
[3]徐祖信,尹海龙.平原感潮河网地区一维、二维水动力耦合模型研究[J].水动力研究与进展(A辑),2004,19(6):744-752.
[4]王船海,向小华.通用河网二维水流模拟模式研究[J].水科学进展,2007,18(4):516-522.
[5]程晓陶,杨磊,陈喜军.分蓄洪区洪水演进数值模型[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(1):34-40.
[6]马建明,徐旭,张念强,等.沂河左堤洪水风险图编制[C]//中国水利学会青年科技工作委员会.中国水利学会第三届青年科技论坛论文集.郑州:黄河水利出版社,2007:310-316.
[7]唐兵,雷晓辉,张峰,等.大名泛区洪水演进数值模拟[J],南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(4):61-65.
[8]MORALES-HERNANDEZ M,GARCIA-NAVARRO P,BURGUETE J,et al.A conservative strategy to couple 1D and 2D models for shallow water flow simulation[J].Computers&fluids,2013,81(9):26-44.
[9]陈文龙,宋利祥,刑领航,等.一维—二维耦合的防洪保护区洪水演进数学模型[J].水科学进展,2014,25(6):848-855.
[10]LIU Q,QIN Y,ZHANG Y,et al.A coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic model for flood simulation in flood detention basin[J].Natural hazards,2015,75(2):1303-1325.
[11]仇劲卫,李娜,程晓陶,等.天津市城区暴雨沥涝仿真模拟系统[J].水利学报,2000,31(11):34-42.
[12]王静,李娜,程晓陶.城市洪涝仿真模型的改进与应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1393-1400.
[13]CHENG Xiaotao.Urban flood prediction and its risk analysis in the coastal areas of China[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2009.
[14]李智,窦玉颖,王昊,等.基于GIS和SWMM的山地临海城市内涝模拟分析——以象山县为例[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(9):143-147.
[15]马建明,陆吉康,张念强,等.二维水动力学洪水风险分析平台设计与研发[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2009,7(1):21-27.
[16]上海市防汛指挥部办公室.上海市防御“菲特”强台风工作总结评估报告[R].上海:上海市防汛指挥部办公室,2013.