新能源接入的直流电网功率平滑控制策略
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摘要
直流电网技术是解决新能源并网和消纳问题的有效技术手段之一。为平抑新能源功率波动、负荷突变引起的直流网侧电压波动,设计了以平抑直流并网点功率波动为目标的功率平滑控制策略。构建了含风力发电、光伏发电、储能单元、交流负荷和直流负荷的六端口直流电网拓扑,搭建了基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台的六端口直流电网仿真模型,对新能源功率波动、负荷突变及直流线路单极对地短路故障等工况进行了仿真分析,依托于直流电网实验系统开展了实验验证。仿真与实验结果表明,该控制策略可有效减小并网点功率波动,能够较快抑制功率波动引起的直流网侧电压波动,实现了系统的灵活、可靠运行。
DC grid technology is one of the effective ways to solve large-scale renewable energies integration and accommodation problems. Consequently, in order to suspend the fluctuation of DC grid side voltage caused by power fluctuation in renewable energies and sudden change of load, a novel control strategy which aims at stabilizing the power fluctuation at the point of common coupling(PCC) of DC side is proposed. A six-terminal DC grid topology, which includes wind power generation, solar power generation, energy storage unit, AC load, and DC load, is constructed. The equivalent simulation model of DC grid is built based on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Moreover,simulations and analyses on renewable energy fluctuation, load mutation and monopolar grounding fault are carried out, and experimental verification is undertaken using the DC grid experimental system. Simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed method is capable of reducing the power fluctuation at PCC of DC side, restraining the pulsation of DC side voltage caused by power fluctuation quickly and effectively. The flexible and reliable operation of the system is realized.
DC grid technology is one of the effective ways to solve large-scale renewable energies integration and accommodation problems. Consequently, in order to suspend the fluctuation of DC grid side voltage caused by power fluctuation in renewable energies and sudden change of load, a novel control strategy which aims at stabilizing the power fluctuation at the point of common coupling(PCC) of DC side is proposed. A six-terminal DC grid topology, which includes wind power generation, solar power generation, energy storage unit, AC load, and DC load, is constructed. The equivalent simulation model of DC grid is built based on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Moreover,simulations and analyses on renewable energy fluctuation, load mutation and monopolar grounding fault are carried out, and experimental verification is undertaken using the DC grid experimental system. Simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed method is capable of reducing the power fluctuation at PCC of DC side, restraining the pulsation of DC side voltage caused by power fluctuation quickly and effectively. The flexible and reliable operation of the system is realized.
引文
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[15]贺悝,李勇,曹一家,等.考虑分布式储能参与的直流配电网电压柔性控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):101-110.HE Li,LI Yong,CAO Yijia,et al.Flexible voltage control strategy of DC distribution network considering distributed energy storage[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):101-110.
[16]刘云,荆平,李庚银,等.直流电网功率控制体系构建及实现方式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3803-3814.LIU Yun,JING Ping,LI Gengyin,et al.Research on the structure and implementations of the DC grid power control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3803-3814.
[17]LAZAROU S,COVRIG C F,COLAK I,et al.Behavior of multi-terminal grid topologies in renewable energy systems under multiple loads[C]∥International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications.Nagasaki,Japan:IEEE,2012:1-4.
[18]LIN W,WEN J,LIANG J,et al.A three-terminal HVDC system to bundle wind farms with conventional power plants[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2292-2300.
[19]SFURTOC B,SILVA R D,CHAUDHARY S.A MTDC system layout review based on system revenue a Kriegers Flak case study[C]∥Fourth International Conference on Power Engineering,Energy and Electrical Drives.Istanbul,Turkey:IEEE,2013:793-800.
[20]TING A N,HAN C,YANAN W U,et al.HVDC grid test models for different application scenarios and load flow studies[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems&Clean Energy,2017,5(2):1-13.
[21]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:21-25.TANG Guangfu.Technology of voltage source converter based high voltage direct current[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2010:21-25.
[22]唐梦婷,王维庆,李永东,等.平抑交直流混合配电系统功率波动的协调运行控制策略[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):664-672.TANG Mengting,WANG Weiqing,LI Yongdong,et al.Coordinated operation control strategy of power fluctuation in AC/DC hybrid distribution system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):664-672.
[23]王茂海,刘会金,周伟涛.瞬时功率理论的广义变压器模型及其与传统功率理论的统一数学描述[J].电工技术学报,2001,16(6):55-58.WANG Maohai,LIU Huijin,ZHOU Weitao.Broad-sense transformer model of instantaneous power theory and its uniform mathematical description with conventional power theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2001,16(6):55-58.
[24]张野,郭力,贾宏杰,等.基于平滑控制的混合储能系统能量管理方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(16):36-41.ZHANG Ye,GUO Li,JIA Hongjie,et al.An energy management method of hybrid energy storage system based on smoothing control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(16):36-41.
[25]陈峦,黄琦,陈池.基于目标参数和储能容量约束的风电功率平滑策略[J].中国电力,2013,46(6):63-69.CHEN Luan,HUANG Qi,CHEN Chi.Strategy on wind power smoothing subject to target parameters and energy storage capacity[J].Electric Power,2013,46(6):63-69.
[2]李国庆,边竞,王鹤,等.直流电网潮流分析与控制研究综述[J].高电压技术,2017,43(4):1067-1078.LI Guoqing,BIAN Jing,WANG He,et al.Review on DC grids power flow analysis and control[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(4):1067-1078.
[3]OWBARTON J P,INFIELD D G.Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(2):441-448.
[4]李兴源,曾琦,王渝红,等.柔性直流输电系统控制研究综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3025-3037.LI Xingyuan,ZENG Qi,WANG Yuhong,et al.Control strategies of voltage source converter based direct current transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3025-3037.
[5]丁明,陈忠,苏建徽,等.可再生能源发电中的电池储能系统综述[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(1):19-25.DING Ming,CHEN Zhong,SU Jianhui,et al.An overview of battery energy storage system for renewable energy generation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(1):19-25.
[6]DANG J,SEUSS J,SUNEJA L,et al.SOC feedback control for wind and ESS hybrid power system frequency regulation[C]∥Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications.Denver,USA:IEEE,2012:79-86.
[7]刘皓明,陆丹,杨波,等.可平抑高渗透分布式光伏发电功率波动的储能电站调度策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3213-3223.LIU Haoming,LU Dan,YANG Bo,et al.Dispatch strategy of energy storage station to smooth power fluctuations of high penetration photovoltaic generation[J].High voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3213-3223.
[8]杨锡运,曹超,任杰,等.利用储能系统平滑光伏波动的模糊聚类经验模态分解方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2127-2133.YANG Xiyun,CAO Chao,REN Jie,et al.Control method of smoothing PV power output with battery energy storage system based on fuzzy ensemble empirical mode decomposition[J].High voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2127-2133.
[9]姚天亮,郑昕,吴兴全,等.平抑风光互补系统短时复合功率波动的储能容量配置研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(10):120-127.YAO Tianliang,ZHENG Xin,WU Xingquan,et al.Energy storage capacity configuration to stabilize the short composite power fluctuation for wind-solar complementary hybrid system[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(10):120-127.
[10]LI X,HUI D,LAI X.Battery energy storage station(BESS)-based smoothing control of photovoltaic(PV)and wind power generation fluctuations[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(2):464-473.
[11]SHIN S S,OH J S,JANG S H,et al.Active and reactive power control of ESS in distribution system for improvement of power smoothing control[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering&Technology,2017,12(3):1007-1015.
[12]JOVCIC D,HERTEM D V,LINDEN K,et al.Feasibility of DCtransmission networks[C]∥IEEE Pes International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies.Manchester,UK:IEEE,2012:1-8.
[13]姬煜轲,赵成勇,李承昱,等.含新能源接入的柔性直流电网启动策略及仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(4):98-104.JI Yuke,ZHAO Chengyong,LI Chengyu,et al.Start-up strategy and simulation of flexible DC grid with renewable energy source[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(4):98-104.
[14]迟永宁,姚良忠,庄俊,等.新能源接入直流电网实证及试验方案研究[J].智能电网,2016,4(8):811-823.CHI Yongning,YAO Liangzhong,ZHUANG Jun,et al.Research on renewables-based DC grid demonstration system and experimental strategy[J].Smart Grid,2016,4(8):811-823.
[15]贺悝,李勇,曹一家,等.考虑分布式储能参与的直流配电网电压柔性控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):101-110.HE Li,LI Yong,CAO Yijia,et al.Flexible voltage control strategy of DC distribution network considering distributed energy storage[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):101-110.
[16]刘云,荆平,李庚银,等.直流电网功率控制体系构建及实现方式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3803-3814.LIU Yun,JING Ping,LI Gengyin,et al.Research on the structure and implementations of the DC grid power control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3803-3814.
[17]LAZAROU S,COVRIG C F,COLAK I,et al.Behavior of multi-terminal grid topologies in renewable energy systems under multiple loads[C]∥International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications.Nagasaki,Japan:IEEE,2012:1-4.
[18]LIN W,WEN J,LIANG J,et al.A three-terminal HVDC system to bundle wind farms with conventional power plants[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2292-2300.
[19]SFURTOC B,SILVA R D,CHAUDHARY S.A MTDC system layout review based on system revenue a Kriegers Flak case study[C]∥Fourth International Conference on Power Engineering,Energy and Electrical Drives.Istanbul,Turkey:IEEE,2013:793-800.
[20]TING A N,HAN C,YANAN W U,et al.HVDC grid test models for different application scenarios and load flow studies[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems&Clean Energy,2017,5(2):1-13.
[21]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:21-25.TANG Guangfu.Technology of voltage source converter based high voltage direct current[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2010:21-25.
[22]唐梦婷,王维庆,李永东,等.平抑交直流混合配电系统功率波动的协调运行控制策略[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):664-672.TANG Mengting,WANG Weiqing,LI Yongdong,et al.Coordinated operation control strategy of power fluctuation in AC/DC hybrid distribution system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):664-672.
[23]王茂海,刘会金,周伟涛.瞬时功率理论的广义变压器模型及其与传统功率理论的统一数学描述[J].电工技术学报,2001,16(6):55-58.WANG Maohai,LIU Huijin,ZHOU Weitao.Broad-sense transformer model of instantaneous power theory and its uniform mathematical description with conventional power theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2001,16(6):55-58.
[24]张野,郭力,贾宏杰,等.基于平滑控制的混合储能系统能量管理方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(16):36-41.ZHANG Ye,GUO Li,JIA Hongjie,et al.An energy management method of hybrid energy storage system based on smoothing control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(16):36-41.
[25]陈峦,黄琦,陈池.基于目标参数和储能容量约束的风电功率平滑策略[J].中国电力,2013,46(6):63-69.CHEN Luan,HUANG Qi,CHEN Chi.Strategy on wind power smoothing subject to target parameters and energy storage capacity[J].Electric Power,2013,46(6):63-69.