半无限基衬上功能梯度材料层结构声学性能研究
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摘要
基于回传射线矩阵法,研究了平面声波入射下半无限弹性基衬上功能梯度材料层的水下声学性能。将功能梯度材料层沿厚度方向上分层,各子层视为均匀材料,并推导了流-固界面处及功能梯度层与基衬界面处的声波局部散射矩阵及各分层的相位偏移矩阵,然后组装得到关于各分层材料波幅的总体矩阵方程,最终求解功能梯度材料层的反射系数及吸声系数。通过数值计算分析了材料参数沿厚度指数型式变化的功能梯度材料层的材料梯度、入射角、基衬材料参数等因素对吸声系数的影响规律。分析结果表明半无限介质上的功能梯度材料层结构实现了由表层材料向基衬材料参数的渐变,对中高频声波具有较宽频的吸声性能;弹性基衬材料主要影响功能梯度层结构的低频吸声性能,基衬材料的特性阻抗与水越接近有利于提高低频段吸声性能。
The underwater acoustic characters of an infinite functionally grade material(FGM) layer with a semi-infinite elastic substrate and subjected to an oblique incident plane wave are investigated based on the extended reverberation-ray matrix method(RMM). With the treatment to divided FGM layer into sub layers, each sub layer is being treated as a homogeneous layer, the local scattering matrixes at fluid-FGM and FGM-substrate interfaces are deduced, these local scattering and phase matrixes are then stacked to form the global matrix, sound reflection and absorption coefficients are obtained by solving the matrix equation. Reflection and absorption coefficient changing with respect to the material gradient, incident angle,substrate material of the FGM layer with exponential increasing material properties are analyzed by numerical simulation with present method. The results show that the FGM layer based on the semi-infinite substrate with gradually changing from its surface material property to the substrate material enhanced the wide band frequency sound absorption performance; the substrate material mainly affects the sound absorption performance at lower frequency, substrate material with closer impedance with water contributes to higher sound absorption in lower frequency range.
The underwater acoustic characters of an infinite functionally grade material(FGM) layer with a semi-infinite elastic substrate and subjected to an oblique incident plane wave are investigated based on the extended reverberation-ray matrix method(RMM). With the treatment to divided FGM layer into sub layers, each sub layer is being treated as a homogeneous layer, the local scattering matrixes at fluid-FGM and FGM-substrate interfaces are deduced, these local scattering and phase matrixes are then stacked to form the global matrix, sound reflection and absorption coefficients are obtained by solving the matrix equation. Reflection and absorption coefficient changing with respect to the material gradient, incident angle,substrate material of the FGM layer with exponential increasing material properties are analyzed by numerical simulation with present method. The results show that the FGM layer based on the semi-infinite substrate with gradually changing from its surface material property to the substrate material enhanced the wide band frequency sound absorption performance; the substrate material mainly affects the sound absorption performance at lower frequency, substrate material with closer impedance with water contributes to higher sound absorption in lower frequency range.
引文
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[16]郭永强.回传射线矩阵法的理论及其应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008:258-260.Guo Yongqiang.The method of reverberation-ray matrix and its applications[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008:258-260.
[17]布列霍夫斯基赫.分层介质中的波[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:25-28.Brekhovskikh L M.Waves in layered media[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:25-28.
[2]石勇,陈鹤.夹层复合材料水下声隐身性能研究[J].声学技术,2014(z1):34-38.Shi Yong,Chen He.Study on underwater acoustic properties of sandwich composite materials[J].Technical Acoustics,2014(z1):34-38.
[3]罗忠,朱锡,简林安,等.斜入射下水中隐身夹芯复合材料附体结构声学设计[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(5):49-54.Luo Zhong,Zhu Xi,Jian Linan,et al.Acoustic stealth design of underwater sandwich composite added structure under oblique incidence[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(5):49-54.
[4]Sastry J S,Munjal M L.A transfer matrix approach for evaluation of the response of a multi-layer infinite plate to a twodimensional pressure excitation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,182(1):109-128.
[5]朱金华,刘巨斌,姚树人,等.分层高分子介质中的声吸收[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2001(2):34-38.Zhu Jinhua,Liu Jubin,Yao Shuren,et al.The acoustic absorption in layered polymer materials[J].Polymer Material Science and Engineering,2001(2):34-38.
[6]Moghaddam A M,Ahmadian M T,Kheradpisheh A.Acoustic wave propagation through a functionally graded material plate with arbitrary material properties[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part L:Journal of Materials Design and Applications,2013:1464420712472632.
[7]Qian Z H,Jin F,Lu T,et al.Transverse surface waves in a FGM layered structure[J].Acta Mechanica,2009,207(3-4):183-193.
[8]杨德森,孙玉,胡博,韩闯,靳仕源.阻抗梯度变化介质的声学特性[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2014,12:1458-1466.Yang Desen,Sun Yu,Hu Bo,Han Chuang,Jin Shiyuan.Acoustic characteristics of the media with gradient change of impedance[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2014,12:1458-1466.
[9]孙玉,杨德森,胡博.声阻抗梯度变化介质的吸声性能研究[J].声学技术,2013,S1:89-90.Sun Yu,Yang Desen,Hu Bo.Research on sound absorption of media with gradient change of impedance[J].Technical Acoustics,2013,S1:89-90.
[10]尚尔昌.渐变吸收层反射率的近似式[J].声学学报,1965,04:192-197.Shang Erchang.An approximate formula for the wave reflection from gradual transition absorbers[J].Acta Acoustica,1965,04:192-197.
[11]Hasheminejad S M,Shabanimotlagh M.Sound insulation characteristics of functionally graded panels[J].Acta Acoustica United with Acoustica,2008,94(2):290-300.
[12]Pao Y H,Keh D C,Howard S M.Dynamic response and wave propagation in plane trusses and frames[J].AIAA Journal,1999,37(5):594-603.
[13]Pao Y H,Su X Y,Tian J Y.Reverberation matrix method for propagation of sound in a multilayered liquid[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2000,230(4):743-760.
[14]Su X Y,Tian J Y,Pao Y H.Application of the reverberation-ray matrix to the propagation of elastic waves in a layered solid[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,2002,39(02):5447-5463.
[15]Chen W Q,Wang H M,Bao R H.On calculating dispersion curves of waves in a functionally graded elastic plate[J].Composite Structures,2007,81(2):233-242.
[16]郭永强.回传射线矩阵法的理论及其应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008:258-260.Guo Yongqiang.The method of reverberation-ray matrix and its applications[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008:258-260.
[17]布列霍夫斯基赫.分层介质中的波[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:25-28.Brekhovskikh L M.Waves in layered media[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:25-28.