2008-2017年平顶山市狂犬病流行特征分析
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摘要
目的分析平顶山市狂犬病流行特征、疫情变化趋势,为狂犬病防控提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法对2008-2017年平顶山市狂犬病疫情进行分析。结果 2008-2017年平顶山市累计报告狂犬病病例59例,年均发病率0.11/10万,2008年发病率最高0.22/10万。呈散发流行态势,有明显的季节性分布,以8月～11月份居多,占57.63%。病例分布在8个县(市)、区,其中宝丰和叶县所占比例最高,均为23.73%(14/59),其次为鲁山县、郏县各占18.64%(11/59),四县发病数占总病例的84.75%。人群分布中,男性多于女性,男女比例为1.81:1。50岁～59岁年龄组所占比例相对较高28.81%。职业以农民为主,占76.27%。结论平顶山市狂犬病发病率呈逐年下降趋势,疫情平稳。狂犬病暴露后预防意识的薄弱以及防疫知识的匮乏,是中老年男性农民狂犬病高发的主要原因。应加大农村尤其是偏远地区高危人群的狂犬病防治知识宣传力度,采取综合措施,减少病例发生。
Objective Analyze the epidemic characteristics and trend of Rabies in Pingdingshan City,to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies.Methods Apply the epidemiological methods to analyze the epidemic situation of rabies in Pingdingshan City from 2008 to 2017.Results The accumulative report of rabies is 59 cases in Pingdingshan City from 2008 to 2017,the average annual incidence is 0.11/10 ten thousand,the highest incidence in2008 is 0.22/10 ten thousand.The Rabies emerges divergent epidemic,which has a clear seasonal distribution with August to November mostly and occupies 57.63 %.The cases are distributed in 8 counties(cities) and districts,and the highest proportion is belongs to Baofeng and Yexian,which is 23.73 %(14/59),the followed areas are Lushan County and Jia County,which is 18.64 %(11/59),the four counties account for 84.75 % of the total cases.In population distribution,the male is more than female and the ratio of male to female is 1.81:1.The proportion of 50 to 59 age group is relatively high which occupies 28.81 %.Their profession is mainly based on farmers which occupy 76.27 %.Conclusions The incidence of rabies in Pingdingshan City is declining year by year and the epidemic is stable.The weakness of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis awareness and the lack of knowledge of prevention and control are the main reasons for the high incidence of rabies among middle-aged and older male farmers.Should raise the propaganda power of rabies prevention knowledge in rural areas,especially in high-risk populations of remote areas,and adopt comprehensive measures to reduce case occurrence.
Objective Analyze the epidemic characteristics and trend of Rabies in Pingdingshan City,to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies.Methods Apply the epidemiological methods to analyze the epidemic situation of rabies in Pingdingshan City from 2008 to 2017.Results The accumulative report of rabies is 59 cases in Pingdingshan City from 2008 to 2017,the average annual incidence is 0.11/10 ten thousand,the highest incidence in2008 is 0.22/10 ten thousand.The Rabies emerges divergent epidemic,which has a clear seasonal distribution with August to November mostly and occupies 57.63 %.The cases are distributed in 8 counties(cities) and districts,and the highest proportion is belongs to Baofeng and Yexian,which is 23.73 %(14/59),the followed areas are Lushan County and Jia County,which is 18.64 %(11/59),the four counties account for 84.75 % of the total cases.In population distribution,the male is more than female and the ratio of male to female is 1.81:1.The proportion of 50 to 59 age group is relatively high which occupies 28.81 %.Their profession is mainly based on farmers which occupy 76.27 %.Conclusions The incidence of rabies in Pingdingshan City is declining year by year and the epidemic is stable.The weakness of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis awareness and the lack of knowledge of prevention and control are the main reasons for the high incidence of rabies among middle-aged and older male farmers.Should raise the propaganda power of rabies prevention knowledge in rural areas,especially in high-risk populations of remote areas,and adopt comprehensive measures to reduce case occurrence.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.WS281-2008狂犬病诊断标准[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[3]周航,李昱,陈瑞丰,等..狂犬病预防控制技术指南(2016版)[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(2),139-163.
[4]Chen Y,Tian J,Chen JL.Challenges to eliminate rabies virus infection in China by 2020[J].Lance Infectious Diseases,2017,17(2):135-136.
[5]孙永波,李滨.1990~2014年中国狂犬病流行态势和防护问题[J].中国全科医学,2016,19(5),570-573.
[6]茅蓉,曹家穗,金安宝,等.2009~2014年浙江省嘉兴市疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊狂犬病暴露人群监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,30(10),851-854.
[7]丁爱军,丁淑军.2010~2013年山东省莘县狂犬病暴露人群监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(11),2072-2074.
[8]尤爱国,孙建伟,苏佳,等.2011~2016年河南省人间狂犬病流行病学特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(21),3841-3843.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.WS281-2008狂犬病诊断标准[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[3]周航,李昱,陈瑞丰,等..狂犬病预防控制技术指南(2016版)[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(2),139-163.
[4]Chen Y,Tian J,Chen JL.Challenges to eliminate rabies virus infection in China by 2020[J].Lance Infectious Diseases,2017,17(2):135-136.
[5]孙永波,李滨.1990~2014年中国狂犬病流行态势和防护问题[J].中国全科医学,2016,19(5),570-573.
[6]茅蓉,曹家穗,金安宝,等.2009~2014年浙江省嘉兴市疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊狂犬病暴露人群监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,30(10),851-854.
[7]丁爱军,丁淑军.2010~2013年山东省莘县狂犬病暴露人群监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(11),2072-2074.
[8]尤爱国,孙建伟,苏佳,等.2011~2016年河南省人间狂犬病流行病学特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(21),3841-3843.