高速铁路地震预警系统三级警报阈值及其处置策略研究
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摘要
针对高铁地震预警系统中警报阈值及其处置策略问题,设计完成高速铁路列车-无砟轨道-桥梁缩尺模型、列车-无砟轨道-路基缩尺模型及列车-有砟轨道-路基缩尺模型的振动台试验,研究了列车的脱轨现象,并用模型试验验证了数值仿真分析方法的正确性。在此基础上,通过开展动力学仿真计算,提出地震作用下高速列车安全运行的速度阈值。研究结果表明:无论是桥梁还是路基结构,CHY004地震波首先出现脱轨系数超标和轮轨分离现象,ALS地震波次之,安评地震波最后;高速列车安全运行速度阈值表现为无砟轨道路基>过渡段>32 m简支梁桥。从行车安全性指标来看,脱轨系数控制的安全运行速度阈值对地震动加速度变化最为敏感,呈反比例关系。最后,基于相关规定,建议高铁地震预警系统警报阈值分三级设置,即当40 gal≤预测或计测的峰值地震动加速度a<80 gal时,限速160 km/h,以偏安全考虑;当80 gal≤a<120 gal时,紧急停车;当a≥120 gal时,紧急停车并接触网断电。
Aiming at the setting of the alarm threshold and responding strategy in the high-speed railway earthquake early warning system, this paper designed and completed the shaking table tests of the vehicle-ballastless track-bridge scale model, vehicle-ballastless track-subgrade scale model and vehicle-ballast track-subgrade scale model, studied the derailment of trains and verified the seismic performance of different structural types, and the correctness of numerical simulation analysis methods by model tests. On this basis, through dynamic simulation calculation, the safe running speed threshold of high-speed train under earthquake was put forward. The results show that, first, whether bridge or roadbed structure, when CHY004 seismic wave, ALS seismic wave, and safety evaluation seismic wave are applied, standard exceeding derailment coefficient and wheel-rail separation first appear under the CHY004 seismic wave scenario, followed by ALS seismic wave scenario, safety evaluation seismic wave scenario. Secondly, the maximum allowable running speed of the line shows the following sequence: the ballastless track subgrade>transition section>32 m simply supported beam bridge. From the perspective of train operation safety indicators, the safe running speed threshold controlled by the derailment coefficient is most sensitive to the change of ground motion acceleration, which is inversely proportional. Finally, based on relevant provisions, it is recommended that the alarm threshold of the high-speed railway earthquake warning system be divided into three levels. That is, under the condition of 40 gal ≤ predicted or measured peak ground motion acceleration a<80 gal, the speed limit is 160 km/h, for the sake of safety consideration. Under 80 gal ≤a<120 gal, emergency stop should be made. Under a≥120 gal, emergency stop should be made and the power supply of contact network should be cut off.
Aiming at the setting of the alarm threshold and responding strategy in the high-speed railway earthquake early warning system, this paper designed and completed the shaking table tests of the vehicle-ballastless track-bridge scale model, vehicle-ballastless track-subgrade scale model and vehicle-ballast track-subgrade scale model, studied the derailment of trains and verified the seismic performance of different structural types, and the correctness of numerical simulation analysis methods by model tests. On this basis, through dynamic simulation calculation, the safe running speed threshold of high-speed train under earthquake was put forward. The results show that, first, whether bridge or roadbed structure, when CHY004 seismic wave, ALS seismic wave, and safety evaluation seismic wave are applied, standard exceeding derailment coefficient and wheel-rail separation first appear under the CHY004 seismic wave scenario, followed by ALS seismic wave scenario, safety evaluation seismic wave scenario. Secondly, the maximum allowable running speed of the line shows the following sequence: the ballastless track subgrade>transition section>32 m simply supported beam bridge. From the perspective of train operation safety indicators, the safe running speed threshold controlled by the derailment coefficient is most sensitive to the change of ground motion acceleration, which is inversely proportional. Finally, based on relevant provisions, it is recommended that the alarm threshold of the high-speed railway earthquake warning system be divided into three levels. That is, under the condition of 40 gal ≤ predicted or measured peak ground motion acceleration a<80 gal, the speed limit is 160 km/h, for the sake of safety consideration. Under 80 gal ≤a<120 gal, emergency stop should be made. Under a≥120 gal, emergency stop should be made and the power supply of contact network should be cut off.
引文
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[12] XIA H,HAN Y,ZHANG N,et al.Dynamic Analysis of Train-bridge System Subjected to Non-uniform Seismic Excitations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2006,35(12):1563-1579.
[13] 宋晋东,教聪聪,李山有,等.一种基于地震早期辐射P波能量的高速铁路Ⅰ级地震警报预测方法[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(19):14-22,38.SONG Jindong,JIAO Congcong,LI Shanyou,et al.A Predicting Method for Magnitude I Earthquake Alarm of High-speed Railways Based on Seismic Early Radiated P-wave Energy[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(19):14-22,38.
[14] 戴凯杰.地震作用下高铁连续梁桥车辆运行预警指标研究[M].北京:北京交通大学,2018.
[15] 王子珺,赵伯明.高速铁路地震预警震级快速准确预测方法[J].中国铁道科学,2017,38(2):127-132.WANG Zijun,ZHAO Boming.Rapid and Accurate Prediction Method for Magnitude in Earthquake Early Warning for High Speed Railway[J].China Railway Science,2017,38(2):127-132.
[16] GILL W D.Ductility of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns with Axial Load[R].Christchurch:University of Canterbury,1979:136.
[17] 中国铁路总公司.TB/T 2489—2016 轮轨横向力和垂向力地面测试方法[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2014.
[18] 康熊,刘秀波,李红艳,等.高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱[J].中国科学:科学技术,2014,44(7):687-696.KANG Xiong,LIU Xiubo,LI Hongyan,et al.PSD of Ballastless Track Irregularities of High-speed Railway[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2014,44(7):687-696.
[19] 中国铁路总公司.Q/CR 633—2018高速铁路地震预警监测系统技术条件[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2018.
[2] 张志方.我国高速铁路地震预警技术的创新与思考[J].中国铁路,2014(6):24-27.ZHANG Zhifang.Innovation and Thinking of Earthquake Early Warning Technology for High Speed Railway in China[J].China Railway,2014(6):24-27.
[3] 魏峰,张志方,高亮.地震作用下车辆-轨道-桥梁系统振动台台阵试验与列车预警速度阈值研究[J].铁道学报,2018,40(3):101-106.WEI Feng,ZHANG Zhifang,GAO Liang.Study on Shaking Table Array Test of HSR Train-Track-Bridge System under Seismic Action and Velocity Threshold of Earthquake Early Warning[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2018,40(3):101-106.
[4] LI S Y,ZHU H Y,GAO S F.Time Domain Method for Calculating Free Field Motion of a Layered Half-space Subjected to Obliquely Incident Body Waves[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,6(2):191-196.
[5] 宋晋东,李山有,汪源,等.基于阈值的地震预警方法在2016年8月24日意大利Mw6.2级地震中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2017,37(6):15-22.SONG Jindong,LI Shanyou,WANG yuan,et al.Application of a Threshold-based Earthquake Early Warning to Italy Mw6.2 Earthquake on August 24,2016[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Viberation,2017,37(6):15-22.
[6] 李祥根.中国地震构造运动[M].北京:地震出版社,2010.
[7] 高速铁路地震安全技术研发组.高速铁路地震监测预警系统调研分析[R].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2012.
[8] 李山有,朱海燕,武东坡,等.基于振幅和瞬时频率的震相自动识别方法[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(4):1-4.LI Shanyou,ZHU Haiyan,WU Dongpo,et al.Automatic Recognition of Seismic Phase Based on Amplitude and Instantaneous Frequency[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(4):1-4.
[9] 闫斌,刘施,戴公连,等.多维地震作用下桥梁-无砟轨道非线性相互作用[J].铁道学报,2016,38(5):74-80.YAN Bin,LIU Shi,DAI Gonglian,et al.Nonlinear Interaction between CRTSII Ballastless Track and Bridges due to Multi-dimensional Earthquake[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(5):74-80.
[10] 马强,李山有,于海英,等.高速铁路地震防灾系统的应急处置范围确定[J].铁道学报,2013,35(6):110-115.MA Qiang,LI Shanyou,YU Haiying,et al.Determination of Emergency Handling Range of Earthquake Disaster Prevention System for High-speed Railway[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2013,35(6):110-115.
[11] Bogl Company of German.Number 7 Technical Report of Bogl Longitudinal Connected Ballastless Track on Jingjin Intercity High-speed Railway Bridges[R].Tianjin:Jing-jin Intercity High-speed Railway Design Department of Bogl Company of German,2006.
[12] XIA H,HAN Y,ZHANG N,et al.Dynamic Analysis of Train-bridge System Subjected to Non-uniform Seismic Excitations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2006,35(12):1563-1579.
[13] 宋晋东,教聪聪,李山有,等.一种基于地震早期辐射P波能量的高速铁路Ⅰ级地震警报预测方法[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(19):14-22,38.SONG Jindong,JIAO Congcong,LI Shanyou,et al.A Predicting Method for Magnitude I Earthquake Alarm of High-speed Railways Based on Seismic Early Radiated P-wave Energy[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(19):14-22,38.
[14] 戴凯杰.地震作用下高铁连续梁桥车辆运行预警指标研究[M].北京:北京交通大学,2018.
[15] 王子珺,赵伯明.高速铁路地震预警震级快速准确预测方法[J].中国铁道科学,2017,38(2):127-132.WANG Zijun,ZHAO Boming.Rapid and Accurate Prediction Method for Magnitude in Earthquake Early Warning for High Speed Railway[J].China Railway Science,2017,38(2):127-132.
[16] GILL W D.Ductility of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns with Axial Load[R].Christchurch:University of Canterbury,1979:136.
[17] 中国铁路总公司.TB/T 2489—2016 轮轨横向力和垂向力地面测试方法[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2014.
[18] 康熊,刘秀波,李红艳,等.高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱[J].中国科学:科学技术,2014,44(7):687-696.KANG Xiong,LIU Xiubo,LI Hongyan,et al.PSD of Ballastless Track Irregularities of High-speed Railway[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2014,44(7):687-696.
[19] 中国铁路总公司.Q/CR 633—2018高速铁路地震预警监测系统技术条件[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2018.