南方涛动年际变化与夏季亚澳季风环流及海洋性大陆区域气候异常的联系
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摘要
利用美国NOAA卫星观测的SOI(Southern Oscillation Index,南方涛动指数)资料以及NCEP/NCAR、CMAP月平均资料,采用相关分析等方法,研究了南方涛动年际变化与夏季亚澳季风环流及海洋性大陆区域气候异常的联系。结果表明:南方涛动具有显著的年际变化特征,这种年际变化对夏季亚澳季风区及海洋性大陆区域的环流、降水及温度异常有重要影响。当SOI正位相时,赤道以南的澳大利亚东部地区以及西北太平洋海域高层为气旋,低层为反气旋,赤道地区的东部太平洋低层为辐散中心,高层为辐合中心,有利于下沉运动维持;加里曼丹岛附近低层辐合,高层辐散,有利于上升运动维持;海洋性大陆地区降水为显著的正异常,东亚地区降水存在较弱的正异常;海洋性大陆地区以及我国青藏高原到东海一带温度为正异常,孟加拉湾及印度半岛区域温度为负异常。
Based on the Southern Oscillation Index( SOI) from NOAA and the monthly mean data from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis and CMAP,using correlation analysis and other methods, this paper investigated the interannual variation of SO( Southern Oscillation) and its association with Asian-Australian monsoon circulation and regional climate variation in the Maritime Continent during boreal summer.Results show that SO has significant interannual variation characteristics,which has important influences on the circulation,precipitation and temperature anomalies over Asian-Australian monsoon region and the Maritime Continent during boreal summer.When SOI is in positive phase, there is a cyclonic circulation in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere over eastern Australia and eastern sea area south of the equator.As the result the lower tropospheric divergence and upper tropospheric convergence over the region of Pacific north of the equator facilitate the maintenance of descending motion.The lower tropospheric convergence and upper tropospheric divergence near Kalimantan Island are favorable for the maintenance of ascending motion.The precipitation anomalies are significant positive in the maritime continent and weak positive in eastern China.The temperature anomalies are positive in the maritime continent and from Tibetan Plateau to East China Sea and negative over Bay of Bengal and Indian Peninsula.The results are helpful for our deeply understanding the influence mechanism of SO on regional climate variation.
Based on the Southern Oscillation Index( SOI) from NOAA and the monthly mean data from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis and CMAP,using correlation analysis and other methods, this paper investigated the interannual variation of SO( Southern Oscillation) and its association with Asian-Australian monsoon circulation and regional climate variation in the Maritime Continent during boreal summer.Results show that SO has significant interannual variation characteristics,which has important influences on the circulation,precipitation and temperature anomalies over Asian-Australian monsoon region and the Maritime Continent during boreal summer.When SOI is in positive phase, there is a cyclonic circulation in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere over eastern Australia and eastern sea area south of the equator.As the result the lower tropospheric divergence and upper tropospheric convergence over the region of Pacific north of the equator facilitate the maintenance of descending motion.The lower tropospheric convergence and upper tropospheric divergence near Kalimantan Island are favorable for the maintenance of ascending motion.The precipitation anomalies are significant positive in the maritime continent and weak positive in eastern China.The temperature anomalies are positive in the maritime continent and from Tibetan Plateau to East China Sea and negative over Bay of Bengal and Indian Peninsula.The results are helpful for our deeply understanding the influence mechanism of SO on regional climate variation.
引文
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陈佩燕,倪允琪,殷永红,2001.近50年来全球海温异常对我国东部地区冬季温度异常影响的诊断研究[J].热带气象学报,17(4):371-380.Chen P Y,Ni Y Q,Yin Y H,2001.Diagnostic study on the impact of the global sea surface temperature anomalies on the winter temperature anomalies in eastern China in past 50 years[J].J Trop Meteor,17(4):371-380.(in Chinese).
陈蔚,管兆勇,2016.2015/2016年超强El Ni1o在成熟/衰减阶段对澳洲夏季风环流与降水异常的影响[J].大气科学学报,39(6):801-812.Chen W,Guan Z Y,2016.Impacts of the super El Ni1o event in 2015/2016 on Australian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation anomalies[J].Trans Atmos Sci,39(6):801-812.(in Chinese).
陈文,2002.El Ni1o和La Ni1a事件对东亚冬、夏季风循环的影响[J].大气科学,26(5):595-610.Chen W,2002.Impacts of el El Ni1o and La Ni1a on the cycle of the east Asian winter and summer monsoon[J].Chin J Atmos Sci,26(5):595-610.(in Chinese).
Dai A G,2011.Drought under global warming:a review[J].WIREs Clim Change,2(1):45-65.
冯娟,管兆勇,王黎娟,等,2010.夏季热带中太平洋SST异常型与中国东部夏季气候异常的关系[J].大气科学学报,33(5):547-554.Feng J,Guan Z Y,Wang L J,et al.,2010.Impact of central equatorial Pacific SSTA pattern on precipitation and temperature in East China in summer[J].Trans Atmos Sci,33(5):547-554.(in Chinese).
方陆俊,管兆勇,王美,等,2016.北半球夏季海洋性大陆区域气候与EP型ENSO:直接与间接联系[J].大气科学学报,39(3):289-299.Fang LJ,Guan Z Y,Wang M,et al.,2016.Influences of eastern Pacific-type ENSO on climate variations over the Maritime Continent region:direct and indirect connections[J].Trans Atmos Sci,39(3):289-299.(in Chinese).
黄荣辉,傅云飞,臧晓云,1996.亚洲季风与ENSO循环的相互作用[J].气候与环境研究,1(1):38-54.Huang R H,Fu Y F,Zang X Y,1996.Asian monsoon and ENSO cycle interaction[J].Climatic Environ Res,1(1):38-54.(in Chinese).
Huang R H,Wu Y F,1989.The influence of ENSO on the summer climate change in China and its mechanism[J].Adv Atmos Sci,6(1):21-32.
Lau K M,Weng H Y,1995.Climate signal detection using wavelet transform:how to make a time series sing?[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,76(12):2391-2402.
Lau K M,Chan P H,1983.Short-term climate variability and atmospheric teleconnections from satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation.part II:lagged correlations[J].J Atmos Sci,40(12):2751-2767.
梁萍,丁一汇,何金海,2008.长江下游夏季降水与东亚夏季风及春季太平洋海温的关系[J].高原气象,27(4):772-777.Liang P,Ding Y H,He J H,2008.Relations between summer rainfall over the lower reach of yangtze river and east Asian summer monsoon as well as sea surface temperature over the Pacific in spring[J].Plateau Meteor,27(4):772-777.(in Chinese).
李庆祥,屠其璞,2000.南方涛动极端位相对北半球降水的影响及其周期性讨论[J].大气科学学报,23(2):182-190.Li Q X,Tu Q P,2000.Effect of so extreme phases on northern precipitation with its periodicity[J].Trans Atmos Sci,23(2):182-190.(in Chinese).
Mcbride J L,Haylock M R,Nicholls N,2003.Relationships between the Maritime Continent heat source and the El Ni1o-Southern Oscillation phenomenon[J].J Climate,16(17):2905-2914.
邱明宇,陆维松,陶丽,2004.ENSO事件对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用[J].大气科学学报,27(3):365-373.Qiu M Y,Lu W S,Tao L,2004.Frequency modulation effect of ENSO events on atmospheric low-frequency oscillations in the extra-tropical latitudes[J].Trans Atmos Sci,27(3):365-373.(in Chinese).
Ramage C S,1968.Role of a tropical“Maritime Continent”in the atmospheric circulation1[J].Mon Wea Rev,96(6):365-370.
谌芸,施能,2003.厄尔尼诺/南方涛动与我国秋季气候异常[J].热带气象学报,19(2):137-146.Shen Y,Shi N,2003.El Ni1o/ENSO and climatic anomaly in the autumn of China[J].J Trop Meteor,19(2):137-146.(in Chinese).
石伟,王绍武,1989.1857-1987年南方涛动指数[J].气象,15(5):29-33.Shi W,Wang S W,1989.Southern oscillation index,1857-1897[J].Meteor Mon,15(5):29-33.(in Chinese).
陶诗言,张庆云,1998.亚洲冬夏季风对ENSO事件的响应[J].大气科学,22(4):399-407.Tao S Y,Zhang Q Y,1998.Response of the Asian winter and summer monsoon to ENSO events[J].Scientia Atmospherica Sinica,22(4):399-407.(in Chinese).
Torrence C,Compo G P,1998.A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,79(1):61-78.
涂方旭,梁振海,1988.南方涛动指数的显著周期分析[J].广西气象,9(3):8-12.Tu F X,Liang Z H,1988.The notablecycle of Southern oscillation index[J].Guangxi Meteor,9(3):8-12.(in Chinese).
Walker G T,Bliss E W,1932.World weather[J].V Mem Roy Meteor Soc,4(1):53-84.
汪婉婷,管兆勇,2018.夏季厄尔尼诺-Modoki和东部型ENSO海表温度异常分布型特征及其与海洋性大陆区域气候异常的联系[J].气象学报,76(1):1-14.Wang W T,Guan Z Y,2018.The SSTA patterns of El Ni1o Modoki and eastern Pacific ENSO and their association with regional climate variation in the Maritime Continent during boreal summer[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,76(1):1-14.(in Chinese).
王悦,管兆勇,方陆俊,等,2017.夏季海洋性大陆区域气候与赤道太平洋中部型海温异常的直接和间接联系[J].气象学报,75(4):552-563.Wang Y,Guan Z Y,Fang L J,et al.,2017.Relationship between the Maritime Continent climate anomalies and equatorial central Pacific SSTA during boreal summer:direct and indirect links[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,75(4):552-563.(in Chinese).
吴国雄,孟文,1998.赤道印度洋-太平洋地区海气系统的齿轮式耦合和ENSO事件Ⅰ:资料分析[J].大气科学,1998,22(4):470-480.Wu G X,Meng W,1998.Gearing between the Indo-monsoon circulation and the Pacific-walker circulation and the ENSO.PartⅠ:data analyses[J].Chin JAtmos Sci,22(4):470-480(in Chinese).
Zhang R H,Li T R,Wen M,et al.,2015.Role of intraseasonal oscillation in asymmetric impacts of El Ni1o and La Ni1a on the rainfall over southern China in boreal winter[J].Clim Dyn,45(3/4):559-567.
赵振国,廖荃荪,1991.南方涛动与我国夏季降水[J].气象,17(6):33-37.Zhao Z G,Liao Q S,1991.Correlations between SO and rainfall in the summer of China[J].Meteor Mon,17(6):33-37.(in Chinese).
Zhou T J,Wu B,Wang B,2009.How well do atmospheric general circulation models capture the leading modes of the interannual variability of the AsianAustralian monsoon?[J].J Climate,22(5):1159-1173.
陈佩燕,倪允琪,殷永红,2001.近50年来全球海温异常对我国东部地区冬季温度异常影响的诊断研究[J].热带气象学报,17(4):371-380.Chen P Y,Ni Y Q,Yin Y H,2001.Diagnostic study on the impact of the global sea surface temperature anomalies on the winter temperature anomalies in eastern China in past 50 years[J].J Trop Meteor,17(4):371-380.(in Chinese).
陈蔚,管兆勇,2016.2015/2016年超强El Ni1o在成熟/衰减阶段对澳洲夏季风环流与降水异常的影响[J].大气科学学报,39(6):801-812.Chen W,Guan Z Y,2016.Impacts of the super El Ni1o event in 2015/2016 on Australian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation anomalies[J].Trans Atmos Sci,39(6):801-812.(in Chinese).
陈文,2002.El Ni1o和La Ni1a事件对东亚冬、夏季风循环的影响[J].大气科学,26(5):595-610.Chen W,2002.Impacts of el El Ni1o and La Ni1a on the cycle of the east Asian winter and summer monsoon[J].Chin J Atmos Sci,26(5):595-610.(in Chinese).
Dai A G,2011.Drought under global warming:a review[J].WIREs Clim Change,2(1):45-65.
冯娟,管兆勇,王黎娟,等,2010.夏季热带中太平洋SST异常型与中国东部夏季气候异常的关系[J].大气科学学报,33(5):547-554.Feng J,Guan Z Y,Wang L J,et al.,2010.Impact of central equatorial Pacific SSTA pattern on precipitation and temperature in East China in summer[J].Trans Atmos Sci,33(5):547-554.(in Chinese).
方陆俊,管兆勇,王美,等,2016.北半球夏季海洋性大陆区域气候与EP型ENSO:直接与间接联系[J].大气科学学报,39(3):289-299.Fang LJ,Guan Z Y,Wang M,et al.,2016.Influences of eastern Pacific-type ENSO on climate variations over the Maritime Continent region:direct and indirect connections[J].Trans Atmos Sci,39(3):289-299.(in Chinese).
黄荣辉,傅云飞,臧晓云,1996.亚洲季风与ENSO循环的相互作用[J].气候与环境研究,1(1):38-54.Huang R H,Fu Y F,Zang X Y,1996.Asian monsoon and ENSO cycle interaction[J].Climatic Environ Res,1(1):38-54.(in Chinese).
Huang R H,Wu Y F,1989.The influence of ENSO on the summer climate change in China and its mechanism[J].Adv Atmos Sci,6(1):21-32.
Lau K M,Weng H Y,1995.Climate signal detection using wavelet transform:how to make a time series sing?[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,76(12):2391-2402.
Lau K M,Chan P H,1983.Short-term climate variability and atmospheric teleconnections from satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation.part II:lagged correlations[J].J Atmos Sci,40(12):2751-2767.
梁萍,丁一汇,何金海,2008.长江下游夏季降水与东亚夏季风及春季太平洋海温的关系[J].高原气象,27(4):772-777.Liang P,Ding Y H,He J H,2008.Relations between summer rainfall over the lower reach of yangtze river and east Asian summer monsoon as well as sea surface temperature over the Pacific in spring[J].Plateau Meteor,27(4):772-777.(in Chinese).
李庆祥,屠其璞,2000.南方涛动极端位相对北半球降水的影响及其周期性讨论[J].大气科学学报,23(2):182-190.Li Q X,Tu Q P,2000.Effect of so extreme phases on northern precipitation with its periodicity[J].Trans Atmos Sci,23(2):182-190.(in Chinese).
Mcbride J L,Haylock M R,Nicholls N,2003.Relationships between the Maritime Continent heat source and the El Ni1o-Southern Oscillation phenomenon[J].J Climate,16(17):2905-2914.
邱明宇,陆维松,陶丽,2004.ENSO事件对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用[J].大气科学学报,27(3):365-373.Qiu M Y,Lu W S,Tao L,2004.Frequency modulation effect of ENSO events on atmospheric low-frequency oscillations in the extra-tropical latitudes[J].Trans Atmos Sci,27(3):365-373.(in Chinese).
Ramage C S,1968.Role of a tropical“Maritime Continent”in the atmospheric circulation1[J].Mon Wea Rev,96(6):365-370.
谌芸,施能,2003.厄尔尼诺/南方涛动与我国秋季气候异常[J].热带气象学报,19(2):137-146.Shen Y,Shi N,2003.El Ni1o/ENSO and climatic anomaly in the autumn of China[J].J Trop Meteor,19(2):137-146.(in Chinese).
石伟,王绍武,1989.1857-1987年南方涛动指数[J].气象,15(5):29-33.Shi W,Wang S W,1989.Southern oscillation index,1857-1897[J].Meteor Mon,15(5):29-33.(in Chinese).
陶诗言,张庆云,1998.亚洲冬夏季风对ENSO事件的响应[J].大气科学,22(4):399-407.Tao S Y,Zhang Q Y,1998.Response of the Asian winter and summer monsoon to ENSO events[J].Scientia Atmospherica Sinica,22(4):399-407.(in Chinese).
Torrence C,Compo G P,1998.A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,79(1):61-78.
涂方旭,梁振海,1988.南方涛动指数的显著周期分析[J].广西气象,9(3):8-12.Tu F X,Liang Z H,1988.The notablecycle of Southern oscillation index[J].Guangxi Meteor,9(3):8-12.(in Chinese).
Walker G T,Bliss E W,1932.World weather[J].V Mem Roy Meteor Soc,4(1):53-84.
汪婉婷,管兆勇,2018.夏季厄尔尼诺-Modoki和东部型ENSO海表温度异常分布型特征及其与海洋性大陆区域气候异常的联系[J].气象学报,76(1):1-14.Wang W T,Guan Z Y,2018.The SSTA patterns of El Ni1o Modoki and eastern Pacific ENSO and their association with regional climate variation in the Maritime Continent during boreal summer[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,76(1):1-14.(in Chinese).
王悦,管兆勇,方陆俊,等,2017.夏季海洋性大陆区域气候与赤道太平洋中部型海温异常的直接和间接联系[J].气象学报,75(4):552-563.Wang Y,Guan Z Y,Fang L J,et al.,2017.Relationship between the Maritime Continent climate anomalies and equatorial central Pacific SSTA during boreal summer:direct and indirect links[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,75(4):552-563.(in Chinese).
吴国雄,孟文,1998.赤道印度洋-太平洋地区海气系统的齿轮式耦合和ENSO事件Ⅰ:资料分析[J].大气科学,1998,22(4):470-480.Wu G X,Meng W,1998.Gearing between the Indo-monsoon circulation and the Pacific-walker circulation and the ENSO.PartⅠ:data analyses[J].Chin JAtmos Sci,22(4):470-480(in Chinese).
Zhang R H,Li T R,Wen M,et al.,2015.Role of intraseasonal oscillation in asymmetric impacts of El Ni1o and La Ni1a on the rainfall over southern China in boreal winter[J].Clim Dyn,45(3/4):559-567.
赵振国,廖荃荪,1991.南方涛动与我国夏季降水[J].气象,17(6):33-37.Zhao Z G,Liao Q S,1991.Correlations between SO and rainfall in the summer of China[J].Meteor Mon,17(6):33-37.(in Chinese).
Zhou T J,Wu B,Wang B,2009.How well do atmospheric general circulation models capture the leading modes of the interannual variability of the AsianAustralian monsoon?[J].J Climate,22(5):1159-1173.