下扬子中生代构造-热事件及其对海相烃源岩生烃的影响
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摘要
温度是控制烃源岩有机质生烃的主要因素,构造-热事件下的高温作用对烃源岩的增熟和生烃历程具有显著影响.通过地质分析和磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹、磷灰石U-Th/He低温热年代学数据、火山岩年龄数据分析认为,下扬子中生代存在印支期(T_3-J_2),燕山期(J_3-K_1)构造-热事件,沉积盆地达到最高古热流的时间大约为130~110Ma.古温标镜质体反射率热史反演结果揭示句容地区最高地表古热流达到~94mW·m~(-2),泰兴地区为~78mW·m~(-2),热事件的强度由西至东减弱.基于EASY%Ro模型的生烃史正演结果揭示:寒武系烃源岩在常州地区主生气期为早二叠世晚期至晚三叠世末,在句容、泰兴地区主生气期为晚三叠世-早白垩世.由于T_3-J_(1-2)前陆盆地沉积和早白垩世岩浆活动热事件的双重作用,海相烃源岩有机质在早白垩世末达到最高古地温.虽然K_2-E期间在句容、泰兴和常州部分地区具有一定的沉降幅度,甚至使得部分地区海相烃源岩的埋深超过早期的埋深,但由于K_2以来大地热流降低,海相烃源层地层温度却低于早期的地温,有机质未能普遍进一步增熟生烃,即这些地区不存在大面积的二次生烃.
Temperature is a key parameter of controlling hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.Elevated temperature resulted from tectonothermal events may significantly affect hydrocarbon generation.Based on geology,fission track analysis,apatite U-Th/He and volcanic rock isotopic age data,there existed Indosinian(T_3-J_2)and Yanshanian(J_3-K_1)tectonothermal events in Lower Yangtze area and the sedimentary basins reached their peak heat flow at about 130~110 Ma.The maximum heat flows obtained from thermal history reconstruction based on vitrinite reflectance are~94mW·m~(-2) and ~78mW·m~(-2) in Jurong and Taixin areas respectively,with an increasing trend from east to west.Hydrocarbon generation history reconstruction based on the EASY%Romodel shows that the dominating gas generation periods of the Cambrian source rocks are the Early Permian-Late Triassic and the Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous in Changzhou and Jurong areas respectively.Because of the dual effects from the foreland sediments deposited in T_3-J_(1-2) and the magmatism thermal event in the Early Cretaceous,the marine source rocks reached their maximum temperature at the end of Early Cretaceous.The temperature of the marine source rocks was no longer elevated owing to the decreased heat flow since the Late Cretaceous,though,in some parts of the Jurong,Taixin and Changzhou areas,subsidence occurred and burial depth increased during the K2-E period.Therefore,the secondary hydrocarbon generation of the marine source rocks did not widely occur in the central Lower Yangtze area.
Temperature is a key parameter of controlling hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.Elevated temperature resulted from tectonothermal events may significantly affect hydrocarbon generation.Based on geology,fission track analysis,apatite U-Th/He and volcanic rock isotopic age data,there existed Indosinian(T_3-J_2)and Yanshanian(J_3-K_1)tectonothermal events in Lower Yangtze area and the sedimentary basins reached their peak heat flow at about 130~110 Ma.The maximum heat flows obtained from thermal history reconstruction based on vitrinite reflectance are~94mW·m~(-2) and ~78mW·m~(-2) in Jurong and Taixin areas respectively,with an increasing trend from east to west.Hydrocarbon generation history reconstruction based on the EASY%Romodel shows that the dominating gas generation periods of the Cambrian source rocks are the Early Permian-Late Triassic and the Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous in Changzhou and Jurong areas respectively.Because of the dual effects from the foreland sediments deposited in T_3-J_(1-2) and the magmatism thermal event in the Early Cretaceous,the marine source rocks reached their maximum temperature at the end of Early Cretaceous.The temperature of the marine source rocks was no longer elevated owing to the decreased heat flow since the Late Cretaceous,though,in some parts of the Jurong,Taixin and Changzhou areas,subsidence occurred and burial depth increased during the K2-E period.Therefore,the secondary hydrocarbon generation of the marine source rocks did not widely occur in the central Lower Yangtze area.
引文
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He L J.2014.Numerical modeling of convective erosion and peridotite-melt interaction in big mantle wedge:Implications for the destruction of the North China Craton.J.Geophys.Res.,119(4):3662-3677.
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Hu S B,Zhang R Y,Zhou L C.1998.Methods for thermal history reconstruction of oil-gas basin.Petroleum Explorationist(in Chinese),3(4):52-54.
Hu T S,Lu H,Yang Z Y.1985.Geological report of well completion of the N3(in Chinese).Shanghai:Sinopec East China Branch,73.
Huang R S,Cao J Z.2010.Analysis and study on Maoshan nappe tectonic zone in Jiangsu.Journal of Geology(in Chinese),34(1):6-9.
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Li H B,Jian D,Wu L,et al.2011.The Mesozoic-Cenozoic compressional deformation,extensional modification and their significance for hydrocarbon exploration in the Lower Yangtze region.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),27(3):770-778.
Lin X Y,Liu J,Chen Z L,et al.2007.Marine source rock distribution and hydrocarbon generation potential in middle and lower Yangtze region.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(in Chinese),29(3):15-19.
Ma F,Xue H M.2011.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Chuzhou basin,eastern Anhui Province,and its geological significance.Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica(in Chinese),30(5):924-934.
McKenzie D.1978.Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,40(1):25-32.
Qin J Z,Wang J,Qiu N S,et al.2010.New paleo-geothermometers for the inversion of dynamic thermal evolution history of marine sequences in South China.Oil &Gas Geology(in Chinese),31(3):277-287.
Qiu N S,Zha M,Wang X L.2000.Simulation of Geothermal evolution history in Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),21(1):38-41.
Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.1990.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics.AAPG Bulletin,74(10):1559-1570.
Tang Y L.2011.The chronology and stratigraphic comparison of Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Lower Yangtze region(in Chinese)[Master thesis].Hefei:Hefei Universityof Technology,62.
Wang D P,Xu C H,Jiao R H,et al.2011.Thermotectonic evolution history of the Lower Yangtze area based on detrital zircon fission track analysis.Journal of China University of Mining &Technology(in Chinese),40(2):227-234.
Wang D P,Zhan X H,Wang J.2014.Evidence of fission Track data for thermotectonic evolution history of the Lower Yangtze area.Offshore Oil(in Chinese),34(3):55-60.
Wang H Y,Liu S W,Lei X.2013.Present geothermal regime of the Lower Yangtze area,South China.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),38(5):896-900.
Wang L S,Li C,Shi Y S,et al.1995.Distribution of geotemperature and terristrial heat flow density in Lower Yangyze area.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),38(4):469-476.
Wolf R A,Farley K A,Silver L T.1996.Helium diffusion and lowtemperature thermochronometry of apatite.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,60(21):4231-4240.
Yan J,Shi L,Li Q Z,et al.2013.Zircon LA-ICPMS dating of the volcanic rocks from Huaining Basin in the Middle—Lower Yangtze valley.Geological Review(in Chinese),59(6):1218-1226.
Yu K,Guo N F.2001.Evaluation on the geologic conditions of the Lower Paleozoic hydrocarbon in Lower Yangtze area.Petroleum Geology &Experiment(in Chinese),23(1):41-46.
Yuan Y S,Guo T L,Hu S B,et al.2005.Research on the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation of source rocks in Sunan of the Lower Yangtze area:A case study of well Shengke 1.Advances in Natural Science(in Chinese),15(6):753-758.
Yuan Y S,Guo T L,Fu X Y,et al.2006.Thermal history and secondary hydrocarbon generation intensity of marine source rocks in Lower Yangtze area.Geoscience(in Chinese),20(2):283-290.
Zeng P.2010.Thermal evolution and effectivity of source rocks of the lower-Paleozoic in lower Yangtze region.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),21(1):54-61.
Zhang P,Zhou Z Y,Xu C H.2009.Thermotectonic history of the Lower Yangtze area since Late Cretaceous:Evidence from apatite fission track analysis of sandstones from Pukou Formation.Offshore Oil(in Chinese),29(4):26-32.
Zhang T,Yin H W,Jia D,et al.2013.Structural deformation characteristics and shale gas preservation of Lower Yangtze region.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),38(5):883-889.
Zhang W,Sun Z X,Li W J.2005.Paleogeothermal modeling using thermodel for windows system with case study.Journal of East China Institute of Technology(in Chinese),28(4):341-346.
Zhao W Z,Wang Z Y,Wang H J,et al.2006.Cracking conditions of oils existing in different modes of occurrence and forward and backward inference of gas source rock kitchen of oil cracking type.Geology in China(in Chinese),33(5):952-965.
Zhao Z,Zhu Y,Li D,et al.2002.Control affect of tectonic deformation to oil-gas pools in southern China.Oil &Gas Geology(in Chinese),23(1):19-25.
Zhou T F,Fan Y,Yuan F,et al.2011.Geochronology and significance of volcanic rocks in the Ning-Wu Basin of China.Sci.China Earth Sci.,54(2):185-196.
Zhu G,Xu J W,Liu G S,et al.1999.Tectonic pattern and dynamic mechanism of the foreland deformation in the Lower Yangtze region.Regional Geology of China(in Chinese),18(1):73-79.
Zhu G,Liu G S,Li S Y,et al.2000.“Four-story”structure of the basins in the Lower Yangtze region and their geodynamic setting.Journal of Hefei University of Technology(in Chinese),23(1):47-52.
陈安定,刘东鹰,刘子满.2001.江苏下扬子区海相中、古生界烃源岩晚期生烃的论证与定量研究.海相油气地质,6(4):27-33.
邓红婴,周进高,赵宗举等.1999.中下扬子区震旦纪一中三叠世海相盆地类型及后期改造.海相油气地质,4(3):38-45.
丁道桂,王东燕,刘运黎.2009.下扬子地区古生代盆地的改造变形.地学前缘,16(4):61-73.
杜国云.1997.宁镇山脉汤—仑推覆构造研究.烟台师范学院学报(自然科学版),13(2):58-63.
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