基于FPGA的配电网暂态实时仿真研究(二):系统架构与算例验证
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摘要
有源配电网暂态实时仿真需要较强的计算能力作为支持,因此提出基于现场可编程门阵列的有源配电网暂态实时仿真中系统级并行、模块级并行以及底层并行的多层级并行架构,并研究了各层级并行的实现方式。利用模块级并行以及底层并行的设计思想,使用Verilog HDL语言开发了基于浮点数运算的配电网暂态实时仿真系统。为验证该实时仿真系统的有效性,选取典型配电网络并以2?s的仿真步长进行了实时仿真测试,充分验证了所提配电网暂态实时仿真系统在仿真速度、仿真规模方面的优势,通过与Matlab/SimPowerSystems的计算结果进行比较,验证了该系统的仿真精度。
Real-time transient simulation for active distribution network requires very high computational capability. This paper proposed multi-level parallel architecture of real-time transient simulator for active distribution system based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA), involving system level, module level and elementary level. A real-time simulator for distribution system considering module level and elementary level parallelism was proposed. The simulator was designed by Verilog hardware description language and based on floating-point arithmetic calculation. In order to validate the developed simulator, a typical distribution network was simulated in the real-time simulator using a time-step of 2 ?s, which fully demonstrated the advantages of the simulator on execution speed and simulation scale. The simulation results show great coherence with the offline simulation in Matlab/ SimPowerSystems.
Real-time transient simulation for active distribution network requires very high computational capability. This paper proposed multi-level parallel architecture of real-time transient simulator for active distribution system based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA), involving system level, module level and elementary level. A real-time simulator for distribution system considering module level and elementary level parallelism was proposed. The simulator was designed by Verilog hardware description language and based on floating-point arithmetic calculation. In order to validate the developed simulator, a typical distribution network was simulated in the real-time simulator using a time-step of 2 ?s, which fully demonstrated the advantages of the simulator on execution speed and simulation scale. The simulation results show great coherence with the offline simulation in Matlab/ SimPowerSystems.
引文
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[2]Marti J R,Linares L R.Real-time EMTP-based transients simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,9(3):1309-1317.
[3]McLaren P G,Kuffel R,Wierckx R,et al.A real-time digital simulator for testing relays[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(1):207-213.
[4]McLaren P G,Kuffel R,Wierckx R,et al.A real time digital power system simulator for testing relays[C]//Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE Power Engineering Society.Dallas,TX:IEEE,1991:370-375.
[5]Nie X,Chen Y,Dinavahi V.Real-time transient simulation based on a robust two-layer network equivalent[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4),1771-1781.
[6]Pak L F,Dinavahi V.Real-time simulation of a wind energy system based on the doubly-fed induction generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(3),1301:1309.
[7]Teninge A,Besanger Y,Colas F,et al.Real-time simulation of a medium scale distribution network:Decoupling method for multi-CPU computation[C]//Complexity in Engineering(COMPENG).Aachen:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[8]Chen Y,Dinavahi V.FPGA-based real-time EMTP[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(2):1301-1309.
[9]Chen Y.Large-scale real-time electromagnetic transient simulation of power systems using hardware emulation on FPGAs[D].Alberta:University of Alberta,2012.
[10]Chen Y,Dinavahi V.Hardware emulation building blocks for real-time simulation of large-scale power grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2013:1-1.
[11]Watson N,Arrillaga J.Power systems electromagnetic transients simulation[M].London:The Institution of Electrical Engineers,2003:124-130.
[12]Marti J R,Linares L R,Calvino J,et al.OVNI:An object approach to real-time power system simulators[C]//1998International Conference on Power System Technology.Beijing:IEEE,1998:977-981.
[13]Dufour C,Abourida S,Belanger J,et al.Infiniband-based real-time simulation of HVDC,STATCOM,and SVC devices with commercial-of-the-shelf PCs and FPGAs[C]//32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics(IECON 2006).Paris:IEEE,2006:5325-5331.
[14]Li P,Ding C D,Gao F.The parallel algorithm of transient simulation for distributed generation powered microgrid[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia(ISGT Asia).Tianjin,China:IEEE,2012:1-5.
[15]Fung K K,Hui S Y R.Fast simulation of multistage power electronic systems with widely separated operating frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1996,11(3):405-412.
[16]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程[M].2版.北京:航天航空大学出版社,2008:166-176.Xia Wenyu.Verilog digital system design tutorial[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:Beihang University Press,2008:166-176(in Chinese).
[17]李鹏.分布式发电微网系统暂态仿真方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2010.Li Peng.Research on the transient simulation methodology of micro-grid powered by distributed energy resources[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2010(in Chinese).
[18]Stavros P,Nikos H,Kai S.A benchmark low voltage microgrid network[R].Athens:CIGRE symposium,2005.
[19]Rudion K,Styczynski Z A,Hatziargyriou N.Development of benchmarks for low and medium voltage distribution networks with high penetration of dispersed generation[C]//International Symposium on Modern Electric Power Systems.Wroclaw,Poland:IEEE,2006:115-121.