乌审旗—志丹地区奥陶系岩溶古地貌与马五_4~1气水分布关系
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地乌审旗—志丹地区奥陶系岩溶古地貌的形态对区内气水的分布具有控制作用。运用补偿厚度印模法(毛儿沟灰岩至本溪组底地层厚度)恢复了研究区奥陶系岩溶古地貌,其形态包括岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡及岩溶盆地等二级古地貌,并进一步识别出台地、浅洼、残丘、沟槽及洼地等三级古地貌。整体上,乌审旗—吴起一带属于岩溶高地,乌审旗东侧—靖边—志丹一带属于岩溶斜坡,横山—安塞一带以东属于岩溶盆地。通过典型气藏剖面分析及古地貌与气水分布的叠合,发现研究区的水主要分布于岩溶高地,气主要分布于岩溶陡坡或残丘部位。研究认为:岩溶高地虽具有良好的储集空间,但后期因盆地构造演化,气水重新分异运移导致地层水较富集;岩溶斜坡处于岩溶高地与岩溶盆地的过渡区域,岩溶水排泄畅通,伴随强烈的膏溶作用,充填作用与胶结作用均不发育,从而形成良好的孔、洞、缝等储集空间,具有良好的天然气富集条件;岩溶高地与岩溶斜坡的过渡带及残丘部位也均具有良好的天然气富集条件。
Karst paleogeomorphology of Ordovician controls gas-water distribution in Wushenqi-Zhidan area of Ordos Basin. Based on the regional tectonic setting and stratigraphic distribution, the compensation thickness impression method(the stratum thickness from the Maoergou limestone to the bottom of Benxi Formation) was used to rebuild the karst paleogeomorphology of Ordovician which includes three types of second-order paleogeomorphology and five types of third-order paleogeomorphology in wushenqi-zhidan area. The three types of second-order paleogeomorphology include karst highland, karst slope and karst basin, and the five types of third-order paleogeomorphology include tableland, shallow depression, monadnock, groove and depression. Overall, the karst highland mainly located in the Wushenqi-Wuqi area, most of the central part of the study area like the east of the Wushenqi-Jianbian-Zhidan belongs to karst slope, and the east of the Hengshan-ansai area pertains to karst basin. Through the analysis of gas reservoir profile and the superposition of karst paleogeomorphology and gas-water distribution, it is found that the water in the study area is mainly distributed in the karst highland, while the gas is mainly distributed in the karst slope or the karst monadnock. In conclusion, although karst highland has a good reservoir space, because of the late tectonic inversion,the re-differentiation and migration of the gas and water lead to relatively enriched groundwater. However, karst slope is located in the transitional zone between karst highland and karst basin and contains a large number of the soluble minerals. It formed well developed reservoir space like pores, vugs and fractures because it has experienced the strong gypsum-dissolving process and the weak cementation. Therefore, it is the most favorable gas accumulating paleogeomorphology unit, followed by karst highland, karst basin worst. In addition, karst monadnock and the contact zone between karst highland and karst slope also have a good natural gas accumulation condition.
Karst paleogeomorphology of Ordovician controls gas-water distribution in Wushenqi-Zhidan area of Ordos Basin. Based on the regional tectonic setting and stratigraphic distribution, the compensation thickness impression method(the stratum thickness from the Maoergou limestone to the bottom of Benxi Formation) was used to rebuild the karst paleogeomorphology of Ordovician which includes three types of second-order paleogeomorphology and five types of third-order paleogeomorphology in wushenqi-zhidan area. The three types of second-order paleogeomorphology include karst highland, karst slope and karst basin, and the five types of third-order paleogeomorphology include tableland, shallow depression, monadnock, groove and depression. Overall, the karst highland mainly located in the Wushenqi-Wuqi area, most of the central part of the study area like the east of the Wushenqi-Jianbian-Zhidan belongs to karst slope, and the east of the Hengshan-ansai area pertains to karst basin. Through the analysis of gas reservoir profile and the superposition of karst paleogeomorphology and gas-water distribution, it is found that the water in the study area is mainly distributed in the karst highland, while the gas is mainly distributed in the karst slope or the karst monadnock. In conclusion, although karst highland has a good reservoir space, because of the late tectonic inversion,the re-differentiation and migration of the gas and water lead to relatively enriched groundwater. However, karst slope is located in the transitional zone between karst highland and karst basin and contains a large number of the soluble minerals. It formed well developed reservoir space like pores, vugs and fractures because it has experienced the strong gypsum-dissolving process and the weak cementation. Therefore, it is the most favorable gas accumulating paleogeomorphology unit, followed by karst highland, karst basin worst. In addition, karst monadnock and the contact zone between karst highland and karst slope also have a good natural gas accumulation condition.
引文
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[2]赵永刚.奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶及其储层研究——以塔中西部和鄂尔多斯盆地西部为例[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006.Zhao Yonggang.Study on palaeo-rock-solution of carbonate rock of Ordovician and its reservoir—Taking west Tazhong area of Tarim basin and west ordos basin as examples[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2006.
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[5]何自新,郑聪斌,陈安宁,等.长庆气田奥陶系古沟槽展布及其对气藏的控制[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):35-38.He Zixin,Zhen Congbin,Chen Anning,et al.Distribution configuration of ancient valley-trough on Ordovician erosion surface in Changqing Gas Field and its control over gas accumulations[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(4):35-38.
[6]周玉琦,黎玉战,侯鸿斌.塔里木盆地塔河油田的勘探实践与认识[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(4):363-367.Zhou Yuqi,Li Yuzhan,Hou Hongbin.Exploration practice and recognition about Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin[J].Experimnetal Petroleum Geology,2001,23(4):363-367.
[7]王建民.鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系风化壳岩溶古地貌与储层特征[D].西安:西北大学,2011.Wang Jianmin.Karst palaeogeomorphology and reservoir characteristics of Ordovician weathered crust in eastern Ordos Basin[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2011.
[8]费宝生,汪建红.中国海相油气田勘探实例之三:渤海湾盆地任丘古潜山大油田的发现与勘探[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(3):43-50.Fei Baosheng,Wang Jianhong.Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China(part 3):Renqiu Buried-hill Oilfield,Bohaiwan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(3):43-50.
[9]金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22.Jin Zhijun.Particularity of petroleum exploration on marine carbonate strata in China Sedimentary Basins[J].Earth Science Trontiers,2005,12(3):15-22.
[10]何自新,郑聪斌,王彩丽,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之二:鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田的发现与勘探[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(2):37-44.He Zixin,Zheng Congbin,Wang Caili,et al.Cases of discovery and exploration of marine field in China(part 2):Jingbian Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(2):37-44.
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[12]李江涛.鄂尔多斯盆地北部加里东期后构造演化及其与古生界天然气的关系[J].现代地质,1997,11(4):488-495.Li Jiangtao.Tectonic evolution and its relation to Paleozoic gas reservoir since Caledonian Movement in Northern Ordos Basin[J].Geoscience,1997,11(4):488-495.
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[15]Feng Zengzhao,Zhang Yongsheng,Jin Zhenkui.Type,origin,and reservoir characteristics of dolostones of the Ordovician Majiagou Group,Ordos,North China Platform[J].Sedimentary Geology,1998,118(1):127-140.
[16]姚泾利,魏新善,张道锋,等.硬石膏结核白云岩沉积微相——以鄂尔多斯盆地东部马五13小层为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):690-695.Yao Jinli,Wei Xinshan,Zhang Daofeng,et al.Sedimentary microfacies of anhydrite concretion dolomite rock:Take Majiagou Formation Ma 513Layer in the Eastern Ordos Basin as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):690-695.
[17]郑聪斌,张军.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系天然气成藏特征及气藏分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2001,6(4):5-12.Zheng Congbin,Zhang Jun.Forming characteristics and distribution laws of gas reservoir in Ordos Basin during Ordovician[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2001,6(4):5-12.
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