不同坡向望天树人工林径级和高度级结构分布
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摘要
【目的】分析不同坡向望天树人工林的径级和高度级结构分布,揭示其生长发育规律,为望天树人工造林立地条件选择和树高估测提供参考依据。【方法】在北坡向和南坡向分别选取具有代表性的望天树人工林样地进行每木检尺,采用上限排外法划分径级和高度级,分析两个坡向的径级和高度级结构分布;使用线性函数、对数函数、二次函数、幂函数、指数函数和Logistic等6种模型拟合胸径(D)—树高(H)生长曲线。【结果】北坡向和南坡向望天树人工林的径级结构分布差异不明显,均在第Ⅵ径级(32.00 cm≤D<36.00 cm)分布株数最多,分别占各坡向总株数的32.26%和35.09%,总体上呈正态分布,低、高径级株数较少,中等径级株数相对较多。北坡向望天树人工林高度级结构呈正态分布,在第Ⅴ高度级(27.00 m≤H<30.00 m)出现峰值;南坡向望天树人工林高度级结构呈右偏正态分布,在第Ⅶ高度级(33.00 m≤H<36.00 m)出现峰值,且明显高于北坡向高度级峰值。对两坡向的望天树人工林胸径—树高曲线进行拟合,最优的是幂函数,其方程为H=3.096D~(0.656)(R~2=0.809)。【结论】南坡向对望天树人工林树高生长具有一定的促进作用,幂函数H=3.096D~(0.656)(R~2=0.809)可作为望天树人工林树高—胸径生长曲线,用于树高估测和造林立地选择。
【Objective】Diameter and height class structure distribution of Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie. plantations in different slope directions was analyzed to reveal the growth and development laws of P. chinensis,and provide reference for the selection of site conditions and the estimation on tree height of P. chinensis.【Method】Representative sample plots of P. chinensis plantations were respectively selected from north and south slope directions and every tree was measured. The upper limit exclusive method was used to divide the diameter and height class,and analyze the diameter and height class structure distribution in north and south slope directions. Six models including linear function,logarithmic function,quadratic function,power function,exponential function and Logistic model were used to fit the diameter at breast height(D)-plant height(H)curve.【Result】The differences of diameter class distribution of P. chinensis plantations were not obvious between the north and south slopes. Ⅵ diameter class on both north and south directions had the most numerous trees(32.00 cm≤D<36.00 cm),which accounted for 32.26% and 35.09% of the total respectively. As a whole,the distribution was normal distribution. The tree number was small in low and high diameter classes,and tree number was large in medium diameter class. The height class structure distribution in north slope of P. chinensis plantations presented normal distribution and the peak of height class distribution appeared at Ⅴ class(27.00 m≤H<30.00 m). While right-deviated normal distribution appeared in height class structure of P. chinensis plantations in south slope,with the peak of height class structure distribution at Ⅶ class(33.00 m≤H<36.00 m). It was obviously higher than the peak of height class in north slope. Power function H=3.096 D~(0.656)(R~2=0.809)was the optimal equation to fit D-H of P. chinensis plantations in north and south slopes.【Conclusion】South slope has certain promoting effects on the plant height growth of P. chinensis plantations.The power function H=3.096 D~(0.656)(R~2=0.809)can be used as D-H growth curve of P. chinensis plantations,which is used to select afforestation site and estimate plant height.
【Objective】Diameter and height class structure distribution of Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie. plantations in different slope directions was analyzed to reveal the growth and development laws of P. chinensis,and provide reference for the selection of site conditions and the estimation on tree height of P. chinensis.【Method】Representative sample plots of P. chinensis plantations were respectively selected from north and south slope directions and every tree was measured. The upper limit exclusive method was used to divide the diameter and height class,and analyze the diameter and height class structure distribution in north and south slope directions. Six models including linear function,logarithmic function,quadratic function,power function,exponential function and Logistic model were used to fit the diameter at breast height(D)-plant height(H)curve.【Result】The differences of diameter class distribution of P. chinensis plantations were not obvious between the north and south slopes. Ⅵ diameter class on both north and south directions had the most numerous trees(32.00 cm≤D<36.00 cm),which accounted for 32.26% and 35.09% of the total respectively. As a whole,the distribution was normal distribution. The tree number was small in low and high diameter classes,and tree number was large in medium diameter class. The height class structure distribution in north slope of P. chinensis plantations presented normal distribution and the peak of height class distribution appeared at Ⅴ class(27.00 m≤H<30.00 m). While right-deviated normal distribution appeared in height class structure of P. chinensis plantations in south slope,with the peak of height class structure distribution at Ⅶ class(33.00 m≤H<36.00 m). It was obviously higher than the peak of height class in north slope. Power function H=3.096 D~(0.656)(R~2=0.809)was the optimal equation to fit D-H of P. chinensis plantations in north and south slopes.【Conclusion】South slope has certain promoting effects on the plant height growth of P. chinensis plantations.The power function H=3.096 D~(0.656)(R~2=0.809)can be used as D-H growth curve of P. chinensis plantations,which is used to select afforestation site and estimate plant height.
引文
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梁建平,程飞,吴敏,刘奎,吴道念,杨梅.2017.广西田阳望天树天然种群高度级、径级分布及树高-胸径相关生长关系[J].广西林业科学,46(2):134-139.[Liang J P,Cheng F,Wu M,Liu K,Wu D N,Yang M.2017.Distribution of highness and diameter classes and correlation between tree height and DBH of Parashorea chinensis natural population in Tianyang,Guangxi[J].Guangxi Forestry Science,46(2):134-139.]
苏勇,吴庆标,施福军,梁机,段文雯.2011.擎天树人工林生态系统碳贮量及分布格局[J].安徽农业科学,39(9):5271-5273.[Su Y,Wu Q B,Shi F J,Liang J,Duan W W.2011.Storage and distribution pattern of carbon in the ecological system of man-made forest of Parashorea chinensis[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,39(9):5271-5273.]
童洁,石玉立.2017.加格达奇3种森林类型树高-胸径的曲线拟合[J].东北林业大学学报,45(2):6-11.[Tong J,Shi Y L.2017.Tree height-diameter model in Jiagedaqi[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,45(2):6-11.]
韦灵龙,曾祥秀,曾碧云.2016.不同生长调节剂对擎天树幼苗高生长的影响[J].林业科技情报,48(1):21-23.[Wei L L,Zeng X X,Zeng B Y.2016.Effect of different growth regulators on the growth of tree seedlings of high Qingtian[J].Forestry Science and Technology Information,48(1):21-23.]
严理,云朝光,秦武明,李东凡.2014.珍稀濒危树种望天树的研究进展[J].林业科技,39(2):59-62.[Yan L,Yun C G,Qin W M,Li D F.2014.Research progress of rare and endangered Parashorea chinensis[J].Forestry Science&Technology,39(2):59-62.]
闫兴富,曹敏.2008.热带雨林濒危树种望天树的致危原因及保护策略[J].福建林业科技,35(1):187-191.[Yan X F,Cao M.2008.The endangered causes and protective strategies for Shorea wantianshuea,a tropical rain forest tree species in Xishuangbanna[J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,35(1):187-191.]
张海东,施福军,梁小春,白天道,韦中绵,杨梅.2017.不同家系望天树苗期生长评价[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版),18(2):255-259.[Zhang H D,Shi F J,Liang X C,Bai T D,Wei Z M,Yang M.2017.Evaluation of seedling growth of Parashorea chinensis in different families[J].Journal of Beihua University(Natural Science),18(2):255-259.]
赵丽华.2015.珍贵树种擎天树的造林技术[J].农业与技术,35(22):69-70.[Zhao L H.2015.Afforestation techniques of precious Parashorea chinensis[J].Agriculture and Technology,35(22):69-70.]
Ferrer-Castán D,Vetaas O R.2005.Pteridophyte richness,climate and topography in the Iberian Peninsula:Comparing spatial and nonspatial models of richness patterns[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,14(2):155-165.
付梦瑶,杨红震,杨喜田.2016.不同立地条件下栓皮栎人工林群落生物量结构特征[J].林业资源管理,(3):67-73.[Fu M Y,Yang H Z,Yang X T.2016.Quercus variabilis plantation community biomass structure characteristics under different site conditions[J].Forestry Resource Management,(3):67-73.]
韩文娟,张文辉,何景峰,袁小青.2012.不同坡向油松人工林建群种种群结构及群落特征分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),40(3):47-55.[Han W J,Zhang WH,He J F,Yuan X Q.2012.Analysis of population structure and plantation community characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in Loess Plateau in different slope[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),40(3):47-55.]
郝建锋,王德艺,唐永彬,李艳,朱云航,姚小兰,齐锦秋.2014.人为干扰对江油地区马尾松人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].生态环境学报,23(5):729-735.[Hao J F,Wang D Y,Tang Y B,Li Y,Zhu Y H,Yao XL,Qi J Q.2014.Effects of human disturbance on species diversity of Pinus massoniana plantation in Jiangyou district,Sichuan Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(5):729-735.]
黄承标,陈碧珍,倪建康,黄松殿,梁机,陆文献.2013.望天树人工林生长量及土壤理化性质[J].林业科技开发,27(3):37-39.[Huang C B,Chen B Z,Ni J K,Huang S D,Liang J,Lu W X.2013.The growth and soil physicochemical properties of artificial forest of Parashorea chinensis[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,27(3):37-39.]
黄松殿,段文雯,苏勇,秦武明,韦中绵,梁机.2011.桂西南地区擎天树人工林生长规律[J].林业科技开发,25(2):66-69.[Huang S D,Duan W W,Su Y,Qin W M,Wei Z M,Liang J.2011.A study on the growth rhythm of Parashorea chinensis plantation in southwest of Guangxi[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,25(2):66-69.]
梁建平,程飞,吴敏,刘奎,吴道念,杨梅.2017.广西田阳望天树天然种群高度级、径级分布及树高-胸径相关生长关系[J].广西林业科学,46(2):134-139.[Liang J P,Cheng F,Wu M,Liu K,Wu D N,Yang M.2017.Distribution of highness and diameter classes and correlation between tree height and DBH of Parashorea chinensis natural population in Tianyang,Guangxi[J].Guangxi Forestry Science,46(2):134-139.]
苏勇,吴庆标,施福军,梁机,段文雯.2011.擎天树人工林生态系统碳贮量及分布格局[J].安徽农业科学,39(9):5271-5273.[Su Y,Wu Q B,Shi F J,Liang J,Duan W W.2011.Storage and distribution pattern of carbon in the ecological system of man-made forest of Parashorea chinensis[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,39(9):5271-5273.]
童洁,石玉立.2017.加格达奇3种森林类型树高-胸径的曲线拟合[J].东北林业大学学报,45(2):6-11.[Tong J,Shi Y L.2017.Tree height-diameter model in Jiagedaqi[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,45(2):6-11.]
韦灵龙,曾祥秀,曾碧云.2016.不同生长调节剂对擎天树幼苗高生长的影响[J].林业科技情报,48(1):21-23.[Wei L L,Zeng X X,Zeng B Y.2016.Effect of different growth regulators on the growth of tree seedlings of high Qingtian[J].Forestry Science and Technology Information,48(1):21-23.]
严理,云朝光,秦武明,李东凡.2014.珍稀濒危树种望天树的研究进展[J].林业科技,39(2):59-62.[Yan L,Yun C G,Qin W M,Li D F.2014.Research progress of rare and endangered Parashorea chinensis[J].Forestry Science&Technology,39(2):59-62.]
闫兴富,曹敏.2008.热带雨林濒危树种望天树的致危原因及保护策略[J].福建林业科技,35(1):187-191.[Yan X F,Cao M.2008.The endangered causes and protective strategies for Shorea wantianshuea,a tropical rain forest tree species in Xishuangbanna[J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,35(1):187-191.]
张海东,施福军,梁小春,白天道,韦中绵,杨梅.2017.不同家系望天树苗期生长评价[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版),18(2):255-259.[Zhang H D,Shi F J,Liang X C,Bai T D,Wei Z M,Yang M.2017.Evaluation of seedling growth of Parashorea chinensis in different families[J].Journal of Beihua University(Natural Science),18(2):255-259.]
赵丽华.2015.珍贵树种擎天树的造林技术[J].农业与技术,35(22):69-70.[Zhao L H.2015.Afforestation techniques of precious Parashorea chinensis[J].Agriculture and Technology,35(22):69-70.]
Ferrer-Castán D,Vetaas O R.2005.Pteridophyte richness,climate and topography in the Iberian Peninsula:Comparing spatial and nonspatial models of richness patterns[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,14(2):155-165.