内蒙古大兴安岭林区立地质量评价及生产潜力研究
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摘要
为探讨如何利用现有资料对全国林地进行立地质量评价,为各级森林经营方案的规划设计提供技术支撑,以内蒙古大兴安岭林区为例,依据内蒙古大兴安岭森林资源清查的标准木、样木和样地数据,构建了区域内5种主要树种(组)树高曲线,计算出各样地内样木树高,再经筛选得到各树种优势木数据并编制其立地形表,然后基于地形和土壤等环境因子与立地形之间的数量关系,拟合立地形估测模型。在此基础上,使用林区二类调查数据中的地形和土壤因子,估测林区内所有小班的立地形,得到林区林地立地质量等级及其分布情况。最后根据三期固定样地资料和林区现实林分状况,综合确定各立地质量等级的森林生产潜力,由此来实现林区森林现实生产力状况与生产潜力对比分析评价。结果表明:分等级的树高曲线符合林木生长规律,根据样地等级计算样木树高,筛选优势木,采用理查兹模型的导向曲线和标准胸径编制立地形表的方法可行;由评价结果来看,林区林地质量整体较好,林地质量等级为好和中等的分别占56.59%和29.05%,合计高达85.64%;林区98.38%的森林未达到林地生产潜力水平,特别是中幼龄林的年平均生产力(2.63m3·hm-2·a-1)仅为潜在水平的41.10%;林区内中幼龄森林占比较大,且抚育经营潜力巨大,通过森林抚育,森林蓄积量测算能增加1656.10×104m3。因而,基于森林清查资料和二类调查数据库,在中国森林立地类型分类体系下的二级区内,结合多个树种(组)对区域内的林地质量进行评价并对其生产潜力进行测算的方法可行、实用,值得推广。
In order to provide technical support for the forest management plan, we explored how to use the available data to evaluate the site quality of forestland. Based on Continuous Forest Inventory Data(as mean tree, sample tree and plot), tree height curves of main tree species were established and site form tables were compiled. The site form models were built with landform and soil factors. The forest management inventory database of Daxing'anling forest region of Inner Mongolia was used for subcompartment site form estimation of study area, and special distribution of forestland site quality classes was draw then.Meanwhile, the three-period data of permanent plot(6 th, 7 th, 8 th) and realistic stand quality were used to calculate the forest potential productivity of each site quality grade, so as to comparative analysis and evaluation of the reality productivity and potential productivity. The result showed that, 1) height class reflected tree growth on different site condition, can help to determine the level of plot, and used to calculate dominant tree height. Taking Richards function as basic model, site form tables can be compiled with standard age; 2) forestland quality was preferably overall, the sum of area rate for good(56.59%) and medium(29.05%) was high as 85.64%; 3) the area rate of forest(98.38%) did not reach the level of forestland production potential, the average annual productivity of immature and young forest(2.63 m3·hm-2·a-1) was only about 41.10% of the potential productivity; 4) the forestland in study area has a huge potential increment of about 1656.10 ×104 m3 under suitable management.In conclusion, the site quality evaluation method proposed in this research was available and worth spreading.
In order to provide technical support for the forest management plan, we explored how to use the available data to evaluate the site quality of forestland. Based on Continuous Forest Inventory Data(as mean tree, sample tree and plot), tree height curves of main tree species were established and site form tables were compiled. The site form models were built with landform and soil factors. The forest management inventory database of Daxing'anling forest region of Inner Mongolia was used for subcompartment site form estimation of study area, and special distribution of forestland site quality classes was draw then.Meanwhile, the three-period data of permanent plot(6 th, 7 th, 8 th) and realistic stand quality were used to calculate the forest potential productivity of each site quality grade, so as to comparative analysis and evaluation of the reality productivity and potential productivity. The result showed that, 1) height class reflected tree growth on different site condition, can help to determine the level of plot, and used to calculate dominant tree height. Taking Richards function as basic model, site form tables can be compiled with standard age; 2) forestland quality was preferably overall, the sum of area rate for good(56.59%) and medium(29.05%) was high as 85.64%; 3) the area rate of forest(98.38%) did not reach the level of forestland production potential, the average annual productivity of immature and young forest(2.63 m3·hm-2·a-1) was only about 41.10% of the potential productivity; 4) the forestland in study area has a huge potential increment of about 1656.10 ×104 m3 under suitable management.In conclusion, the site quality evaluation method proposed in this research was available and worth spreading.
引文
[1]詹昭宁.森林生产力的评定方法[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1982.
[2]张万儒,盛炜彤,蒋有绪,等.中国森林立地分类系统[J].林业科学研究,1992(3):251-262.
[3] NICHOLAS N S,ZEDAKER S M.Expected stand behavior:site quality estimation for southern Appalachian red spruce[J].Forest Ecology&Management,1992,47(1-4):39-50.
[4] EVERETT C J,THORP J H.Site quality evaluation of loblolly pine on the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain,USA[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2008,19(3):187-192.
[5]顾云春,李永武,杨承栋,等.森林立地分类与评价的立地要素原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[6]杨文姬,王秀茹.国内立地质量评价研究浅析[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(3):289-292.
[7]唐诚,王春胜,曾杰,等.立地指数—环境因子模型评价森林立地生产力研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2018(4):48-53.
[8]李仁平.辽东山区油松建筑材林立地类型划分及立地质量评价[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2018.
[9]李培琳,韦新良,汤孟平.基于NFI和DEM数据的浙江森林立地分类研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018(3):137-144.
[10]沈剑波,雷相东,雷渊才,等.长白落叶松人工林地位指数及立地形的比较研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2018(6):1-8.
[11] STOUT B B,SHUMWAY D L.Site quality estimation using height and diameter[J].Forest Science,1982,28(3):639-645.
[12] AHMADI K,ALAVI S J,KOUCHAKSARAEI M T.Constructing site quality curves and productivity assessment for uneven-aged and mixed stands of oriental beech(Fagus oriental Lipsky)in Hyrcanian forest,Iran[J].Forest Science&Technology,2017,13(1):41-46.
[13]黄国胜,马炜,王雪军,等.基于一类清查数据的福建省立地质量评价技术[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(3):1-8.
[14]蔡会德,唐义华,莫继有,等.林地资产评估中立地质量调整系数确定方法研究[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(4):80-82.
[15]费鸿崑,李淑芳,周荣胜.对小兴安岭南坡人工落叶松林立地质量的评价[J].林业勘查设计,2011(2):66-67.
[16]吕勇,朱光玉,罗立平,等.基于不同立地因子的杉木与马尾松地位指数相关模型[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2007,27(1):81-84.
[17]胡兴宜,宋从文,张家来.湖北省秃杉立地类型划分及立地质量评价[J].江西农业大学学报,2004,26(4):532-535.
[18]王雪军,张煜星,黄国胜,等.赣州市林地质量评价及生产潜力研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2014(5):1159-1166.
[19]陈永富.基准年龄立地质量评价的影响分析[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(2):283-287.
[20]黄家荣,马天晓,王艳梅,等.基于BP网络的无林地立地质量评价模型研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2006,25(6):479-483.
[21]惠淑荣,李丽锋,刘强,等.辽东地区日本落叶松立地分类和立地质量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(3):139-142.
[22]季碧勇,陶吉兴,王文武.基于连续清查固定样地生物量的立地质量评价[J].西南林业大学学报,2012(4):45-50.
[23]唐诚,王春胜,庞圣江,等.广西大青山西南桦人工林立地类型划分及评价[J].西北林学院学报,2018(4):52-57.
[24]费晓霞.扎文其汉无林地立地类型划分及评价[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,1998(S1):57-60.
[25]詹昭宁.中国森林立地分类[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1989.
[26]李海奎,法蕾.基于分级的全国主要树种树高-胸径曲线模型[J].林业科学,2011(10):83-90.
[27]唐守正,朗奎建,李海奎.统计和生物数学模型计算[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[28]国家林业局.国家森林资源连续清查主要技术规定[S].2014.
[2]张万儒,盛炜彤,蒋有绪,等.中国森林立地分类系统[J].林业科学研究,1992(3):251-262.
[3] NICHOLAS N S,ZEDAKER S M.Expected stand behavior:site quality estimation for southern Appalachian red spruce[J].Forest Ecology&Management,1992,47(1-4):39-50.
[4] EVERETT C J,THORP J H.Site quality evaluation of loblolly pine on the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain,USA[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2008,19(3):187-192.
[5]顾云春,李永武,杨承栋,等.森林立地分类与评价的立地要素原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[6]杨文姬,王秀茹.国内立地质量评价研究浅析[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(3):289-292.
[7]唐诚,王春胜,曾杰,等.立地指数—环境因子模型评价森林立地生产力研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2018(4):48-53.
[8]李仁平.辽东山区油松建筑材林立地类型划分及立地质量评价[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2018.
[9]李培琳,韦新良,汤孟平.基于NFI和DEM数据的浙江森林立地分类研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018(3):137-144.
[10]沈剑波,雷相东,雷渊才,等.长白落叶松人工林地位指数及立地形的比较研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2018(6):1-8.
[11] STOUT B B,SHUMWAY D L.Site quality estimation using height and diameter[J].Forest Science,1982,28(3):639-645.
[12] AHMADI K,ALAVI S J,KOUCHAKSARAEI M T.Constructing site quality curves and productivity assessment for uneven-aged and mixed stands of oriental beech(Fagus oriental Lipsky)in Hyrcanian forest,Iran[J].Forest Science&Technology,2017,13(1):41-46.
[13]黄国胜,马炜,王雪军,等.基于一类清查数据的福建省立地质量评价技术[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(3):1-8.
[14]蔡会德,唐义华,莫继有,等.林地资产评估中立地质量调整系数确定方法研究[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(4):80-82.
[15]费鸿崑,李淑芳,周荣胜.对小兴安岭南坡人工落叶松林立地质量的评价[J].林业勘查设计,2011(2):66-67.
[16]吕勇,朱光玉,罗立平,等.基于不同立地因子的杉木与马尾松地位指数相关模型[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2007,27(1):81-84.
[17]胡兴宜,宋从文,张家来.湖北省秃杉立地类型划分及立地质量评价[J].江西农业大学学报,2004,26(4):532-535.
[18]王雪军,张煜星,黄国胜,等.赣州市林地质量评价及生产潜力研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2014(5):1159-1166.
[19]陈永富.基准年龄立地质量评价的影响分析[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(2):283-287.
[20]黄家荣,马天晓,王艳梅,等.基于BP网络的无林地立地质量评价模型研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2006,25(6):479-483.
[21]惠淑荣,李丽锋,刘强,等.辽东地区日本落叶松立地分类和立地质量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(3):139-142.
[22]季碧勇,陶吉兴,王文武.基于连续清查固定样地生物量的立地质量评价[J].西南林业大学学报,2012(4):45-50.
[23]唐诚,王春胜,庞圣江,等.广西大青山西南桦人工林立地类型划分及评价[J].西北林学院学报,2018(4):52-57.
[24]费晓霞.扎文其汉无林地立地类型划分及评价[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,1998(S1):57-60.
[25]詹昭宁.中国森林立地分类[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1989.
[26]李海奎,法蕾.基于分级的全国主要树种树高-胸径曲线模型[J].林业科学,2011(10):83-90.
[27]唐守正,朗奎建,李海奎.统计和生物数学模型计算[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[28]国家林业局.国家森林资源连续清查主要技术规定[S].2014.