饲料中添加微生态制剂对仿刺参生长、消化和免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲料中添加微生态制剂对仿刺参生长、消化和免疫功能的影响。选用芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌为主要成分的微生态制剂,其活菌数为1.0×109CFU/mL,在配合饲料中分别按0(对照组)、10、20、30和40 mL/kg的添加量添加,配制5种试验饲料,经混合放置9～12 h后,投喂初始体重为(15.36±0.19) g的仿刺参30 d。试验用仿刺参饲养在25 L的塑料箱中,每箱中放置仿刺参10头,每种试验饲料投喂3箱仿刺参。结果显示:1)饲料中添加10、20 mL/kg微生态制剂的试验组仿刺参各项生长指标均显著高于对照组(P <0.05),而饲料中添加30、40 mL/kg微生态制剂的试验组仿刺参出现个体吐脏现象,吐脏率分别为13.33%、26.67%,微生态制剂的有益效果明显减弱。2)仿刺参消化道中蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性随着微生态制剂添加量的增加均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性峰值分别出现在添加量为20、20、30 mL/kg时。饲料中添加微生态制剂的4个试验组仿刺参体腔液中非特异性免疫酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着微生态制剂添加量的增加而上升,而溶菌酶(LZM)活性则随着微生态制剂添加量的增加先上升后下降,在添加量为30 mL/kg时达到最高。由试验结果可知,当饲料中微生态制剂添加量不超过30 mL/kg时,可有效促进仿刺参的生长和消化,提高仿刺参的免疫功能。
The effects of dietary probiotics on growth,digestion and immune function of sea cucumber( Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) were studied in this experiment. A probiotics mainly containing Bacillus and Lactobacillus was used,and the living bacteria count of this probiotics was 1.0×109 CFU/mL. Sea cucumbers with an initial body weight of( 15.36±0.19) g were fed with 5 experimental diets for 30 days,which supplemented with 0( control),10,20,30 and 40 mL/kg probiotics mixed for 9 to 12 h. Sea cucumbers were cultured in plastic cases( 25 L),and each case had 10 sea cucumbers and sea cucumbers in 3 cases fed one of five experimental diets. The results showed as follows: 1) all growth indices of sea cucumber of experimental groups with10 and 20 mL/kg probiotics were significantly higher than those of control group( P < 0.05). When the addition increased to 30 and 40 mL/kg,there appeared evisceration and the evisceration rate was 13. 33% and26.67%,respectively,resulting in valuable contributions weakened. 2) The activities of protease lipase and amylase in digestive tract were increased initially and then decreased with the supplemental level of probiotics increasing,and the peak appeared in experimental groups with the probiotics supplemental levels of 20,20 and30 mL/kg,respectively. The activities of non-specific immune enzyme in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber in four experimental groups with 10,20,30 and 40 mL/kg probiotics were significantly increased compared with control group( P<0.05). The activities of total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) and catalase( CAT) of sea cucumber were increased with the probiotics supplemental level increasing,but the activity of lysozyme( LZM)of sea cucumber was firstly increased and then decreased,and the highest value was found when the probiotics supplemental level was 30 mL/kg. The results indicate that when the supplemental level of probiotics in diets is under 30 mL/kg,the growth,digestion and immune function of sea cucumber can be promoted effectively.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2800-2806]
The effects of dietary probiotics on growth,digestion and immune function of sea cucumber( Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) were studied in this experiment. A probiotics mainly containing Bacillus and Lactobacillus was used,and the living bacteria count of this probiotics was 1.0×109 CFU/mL. Sea cucumbers with an initial body weight of( 15.36±0.19) g were fed with 5 experimental diets for 30 days,which supplemented with 0( control),10,20,30 and 40 mL/kg probiotics mixed for 9 to 12 h. Sea cucumbers were cultured in plastic cases( 25 L),and each case had 10 sea cucumbers and sea cucumbers in 3 cases fed one of five experimental diets. The results showed as follows: 1) all growth indices of sea cucumber of experimental groups with10 and 20 mL/kg probiotics were significantly higher than those of control group( P < 0.05). When the addition increased to 30 and 40 mL/kg,there appeared evisceration and the evisceration rate was 13. 33% and26.67%,respectively,resulting in valuable contributions weakened. 2) The activities of protease lipase and amylase in digestive tract were increased initially and then decreased with the supplemental level of probiotics increasing,and the peak appeared in experimental groups with the probiotics supplemental levels of 20,20 and30 mL/kg,respectively. The activities of non-specific immune enzyme in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber in four experimental groups with 10,20,30 and 40 mL/kg probiotics were significantly increased compared with control group( P<0.05). The activities of total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) and catalase( CAT) of sea cucumber were increased with the probiotics supplemental level increasing,but the activity of lysozyme( LZM)of sea cucumber was firstly increased and then decreased,and the highest value was found when the probiotics supplemental level was 30 mL/kg. The results indicate that when the supplemental level of probiotics in diets is under 30 mL/kg,the growth,digestion and immune function of sea cucumber can be promoted effectively.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2800-2806]
引文
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[15]游龙,韩茵,张凯,等.芽孢杆菌产胞外酶的活性分析及其对凡纳滨对虾的作用[J].中国海洋大学学报,2018,48(3):80-87.
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[18]郝佳,吴英茜,刘晗奇,等.几种微生态制剂对刺参幼参生长、存活和消化酶活性的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(3):248-252.
[19]姜冰.两株芽孢杆菌的生长特性及其对仿刺参的益生作用[J].河北渔业,2017(2):1-5.
[20]张涛,白岚,李蕾,等.不同添加量的益生菌组合对仿刺参消化和免疫指标的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(增刊):64-68.
[21]王光玉,冯亚利,张欣,等.微生态制剂对刺参养殖的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(14):29-34.
[22]阳钢.几种微生态制剂对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖水体及刺参肠道菌群结构的影响[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[23]陈树河,陈秋,常云胜,等.复合益生菌在水产养殖中的作用机制研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(4):12-18.
[24] ELISEIKINA M G,MAGARLAMOV T Y.Coelomocyte morphology in the holothurians Apostichopus japonicus(Aspidochirota:Stichopodidae)and Cucumaria japonica(Dendrochirota:Cucumariidae)[J].Russian Journal of M arine Biology,2002,28(3):197-202.
[25]王吉桥,王志香,张凯,等.饲料中添加蛋氨酸硒对仿刺参幼参存活、生长及免疫指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(2):110-115.
[26]李鑫,谭志坚,凌欣华,等.溶菌酶在养殖中的应用[J].兽医导刊,2014(4):51-53.
[27]刘姣,韩华,孙飞雪,等.饵料中添加芽孢杆菌BC26对刺参幼参消化酶、免疫反应和抗病力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(6):568-572.
[28] QI Z Z,ZHANG X H,BOON N,et al. Probiotics in aquaculture of China-current state,problems and prospect[J].Aquaculture,2009,290(1/2):15-21.
[29] SAKAI M. Current research status of fish immunostimulants[J].Aquaculture,1999,172(1/2):63-92.
[30]尹恒,高启平,谢骏,等.饲料中添加三种芽孢杆菌对建鲤生长及肠道菌群比较研究[J].饲料工业,2012,33(18):16-19.
[2]李成林,宋爱环,胡炜,等.山东省刺参养殖产业现状分析与可持续发展对策[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(4):126-133.
[3]王亚敏,王印庚.微生态制剂在水产养殖中的作用机理及应用研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2008,29(6):72-75.
[4]梁毅,霍忠斌,焉鸿启,等.水产用微生态制剂的研究进展及存在问题[J].北京农业,2012(15):189-191.
[5]田功太,刘飞,段登选,等.EM菌对海参养殖水体理化因子的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(1):75-79.
[6]李俊世,赵治国,青格勒,等.几种新型药物饲料添加剂在水产养殖上的应用及发展趋势[J].现代农业,2017(4):88-89.
[7]罗辉,李俊波,刘立鹤,等.3种微生态制剂对鲤鱼生产性能和体成分的影响[J].水产科学,2010,29(6):360-362.
[8]武鹏,赵大千,蔡欢欢,等.3种微生态制剂对水质及刺参幼参生长的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(1):21-26.
[9]夏来根,宋学宏,张磊磊,等.4种微生态制剂对虾池水质及青虾生长性能的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):101-106.
[10]胡炜,赵斌,李成林,等.饲料中添加甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)块根与茎蔓对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长和非特异性免疫力的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(4):164-171.
[11]董小林,赵敏,陈家林,等.微生态制剂在对虾病害防控中的应用开发进展[J].水产科学,2018,37(1):133-139.
[12]姜燕,王印庚,薛太山,等.刺参池塘养殖系统中发酵饲料的制作与投喂[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(1):66-71.
[13]聂波,周义凤.复合微生物发酵饲料在罗非鱼养殖中的应用研究[J].生物技术世界,2013(11):15.
[14]孙兴,张春晓,郭航,等.幼参发酵饲料的制备及其养殖效果评价[J].大连工业大学学报,2016,35(4):239-242.
[15]游龙,韩茵,张凯,等.芽孢杆菌产胞外酶的活性分析及其对凡纳滨对虾的作用[J].中国海洋大学学报,2018,48(3):80-87.
[16]李君华,刘佳亮,曹学彬,等.芽孢杆菌与光合细菌协同作用对养殖刺参的影响[J].渔业现代化,2013,40(1):7-12.
[17]包鹏云,李璐瑶,陈炜,等.饲料中添加混合益生菌对幼参生长、消化酶活力和体壁营养组成的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):52-56.
[18]郝佳,吴英茜,刘晗奇,等.几种微生态制剂对刺参幼参生长、存活和消化酶活性的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(3):248-252.
[19]姜冰.两株芽孢杆菌的生长特性及其对仿刺参的益生作用[J].河北渔业,2017(2):1-5.
[20]张涛,白岚,李蕾,等.不同添加量的益生菌组合对仿刺参消化和免疫指标的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(增刊):64-68.
[21]王光玉,冯亚利,张欣,等.微生态制剂对刺参养殖的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(14):29-34.
[22]阳钢.几种微生态制剂对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖水体及刺参肠道菌群结构的影响[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[23]陈树河,陈秋,常云胜,等.复合益生菌在水产养殖中的作用机制研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(4):12-18.
[24] ELISEIKINA M G,MAGARLAMOV T Y.Coelomocyte morphology in the holothurians Apostichopus japonicus(Aspidochirota:Stichopodidae)and Cucumaria japonica(Dendrochirota:Cucumariidae)[J].Russian Journal of M arine Biology,2002,28(3):197-202.
[25]王吉桥,王志香,张凯,等.饲料中添加蛋氨酸硒对仿刺参幼参存活、生长及免疫指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(2):110-115.
[26]李鑫,谭志坚,凌欣华,等.溶菌酶在养殖中的应用[J].兽医导刊,2014(4):51-53.
[27]刘姣,韩华,孙飞雪,等.饵料中添加芽孢杆菌BC26对刺参幼参消化酶、免疫反应和抗病力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(6):568-572.
[28] QI Z Z,ZHANG X H,BOON N,et al. Probiotics in aquaculture of China-current state,problems and prospect[J].Aquaculture,2009,290(1/2):15-21.
[29] SAKAI M. Current research status of fish immunostimulants[J].Aquaculture,1999,172(1/2):63-92.
[30]尹恒,高启平,谢骏,等.饲料中添加三种芽孢杆菌对建鲤生长及肠道菌群比较研究[J].饲料工业,2012,33(18):16-19.