广西沿岸海域表层沉积物粒度分布与输运特征
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摘要
本文利用2006—2010年在广西沿岸海域获得的409个表层沉积物样品和2个站位的水文观测资料,通过沉积物粒度参数、Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析、以及表层沉积物输运通量的计算,探讨了该区域表层沉积物的粒度分布与输运特征。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物以粉砂和砂为主,主要类型为泥、砂质泥、粉砂、泥质砂、砂、含砾泥质砂、含砾砂、砾质砂;中值粒径范围跨度较大;分选系数由岸向海逐渐变大;大部分区域呈极正偏态。研究区沉积物输运趋势整体上有向岸输运的趋势。在防城港南侧海域和雷州半岛西侧分别有一个汇聚中心,廉州湾附近沉积物向湾内堆积。潮流作用下表层沉积物输运通量的研究表明,该海域的日平均单宽输沙通量较小,与表层沉积物的运移趋势一致,净输砂方向受潮流流速和持续时间的影响。
Based on 409 surface sediment samples which were collected in 2006—2010 in the Guangxi coastal water and hydrological observations in 2008 and 2011,the authors studies the spatial distribution of sediment types,uses Gao-Collins particle grain size method to analyze transport trend of the surface sediments,and conducts the net transport flux of surface sediment.Main sediment types in the study area are mud,sandy mud,silt,mud sand,sand,pebbly mud sand,pebbly sand and gravelly sand.Median diameter in the study area varies in a large range,sorting coefficient increases from the nearshore water to the offshore water and skewness in the most of this area is positive.The transport trend of sediments is from the sea to the land and convergent centers appear in the Fangchang Bay and the western side water of the Leizhou Peninsula.Sediments around the Lianzhou Bay accumulate in the Beihai Bay.The net transport flux caused by tide current per day is low,and the figure is consistent with the particle size trend analysis.The net transport trend is influenced by the current speed and duration.
Based on 409 surface sediment samples which were collected in 2006—2010 in the Guangxi coastal water and hydrological observations in 2008 and 2011,the authors studies the spatial distribution of sediment types,uses Gao-Collins particle grain size method to analyze transport trend of the surface sediments,and conducts the net transport flux of surface sediment.Main sediment types in the study area are mud,sandy mud,silt,mud sand,sand,pebbly mud sand,pebbly sand and gravelly sand.Median diameter in the study area varies in a large range,sorting coefficient increases from the nearshore water to the offshore water and skewness in the most of this area is positive.The transport trend of sediments is from the sea to the land and convergent centers appear in the Fangchang Bay and the western side water of the Leizhou Peninsula.Sediments around the Lianzhou Bay accumulate in the Beihai Bay.The net transport flux caused by tide current per day is low,and the figure is consistent with the particle size trend analysis.The net transport trend is influenced by the current speed and duration.
引文
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[2]汪亚平,高抒,贾建军.胶州湾及邻近海域沉积物分布特征和运移趋势[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):449-458.Wang Ya-Ping,Gao Shu,Jia Jian-Jun.Sediment distribution and transport patterns in Jiaozhou Bay and adjoining Areas[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(4):449-458.
[3]王爱军,汪亚平,杨旸.江苏王港潮间带表层沉积物特征及输运趋势[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):124-129.Wang Ai-Jun,Wang Ya-Ping,Yang-Yang.Surface sediment characteristics and transport trends on the Wanggang intertidal flat,Jiangsu Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):124-129.
[4]贾良文,吴超羽,雷亚平,等.珠江口磨刀门枯季表层沉积物特征[J].海洋工程,2005(1):62-68.Jia Liang-Wen,Wu Chao-Yu,Lei Ya-Ping,et al.Characteristics of bed sediments during the dry season in the Modaomen estuary of the Pearl River[J].The Ocean Engineering,2005(1):62-68.
[5]肖晓,石要红,冯秀丽,等.北部湾表层沉积物粒度分布规律及沉积动力分区[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(5):83-89.Xiao Xiao,SHI Yao-Hong,FENG Xiu-Li,et al.Surface sediment characteristics and dynamics in Beibu gulf[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(5):83-89.
[6]McLaren P.An interpretation of trends in grain size measures[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1981,51(2).611-624.
[7]Gao S,Collins M.The use of grain size trends in marine sediment dynamics:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2001,19(3):265-271.
[8]Gao S,Collins M.Analysis of grain size trends,for defining sediment transport path ways in marine environments[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1994a,10(1):70-78.
[9]Gao S,Collins M,Lanckneus J,et al.Grain size t rends associated with net sediment transport patterns:An example from the Belgian continental shelf[J].Marine Geology,1994b,121(3-4):171-185.
[10]张存勇.连云港近岸海域沉积物运移趋势[J].海洋学报(中文版),2013(3):172-178.Zhang Cun-Yong.Sediment transport trends in Lianyungang coastal water[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2013(3):172-178.
[11]乔淑卿,石学法,王国庆,等.渤海底质沉积物粒度特征及输运趋势探讨[J].海洋学报(中文版),2010(4):139-147.Qiao Shu-Qing,Shi Xue-Fa,Wang Guo-Qing,et al.Discussion on grain-size characteristics of seafloor sediment and transport pattern in the Bohai Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010(4):139-147.
[12]刘升发,刘焱光,朱爱美,等.东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009(1):1-6.Liu Sheng-Fa,Liu Yan-Guang,Zhu Ai-Mei,et al.Grain size trends and net transport patterns of surface sediments in the East China sea inner continental shelf[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009(1):1-6.
[13]Bartholdy J,Bartholomae A,Flemming B W.Grain-size control of large compound flow-transverse bed forms in a tidal inlet of the Danish Wadden Sea[J].Marine Geology,2002,188(3-4):391-413.
[14]Hansen D V.Current and Mixing in the Columbia River Estuary[C].[s.1.]:Transactions of the Joint Conference on Ocean Science and Ocean Engineering,1965,943-955.
[15]刘杰,冯秀丽,刘潇,等.山东半岛东部靖海湾及邻近海域表层沉积物分布和输运特征分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2013,43(5):77-81.Liu Jie,FENG Xiu-Li,Liu Xiao,et al.Sediment grain size characteristics and transport patterns in the Jinghai Bay and its adjacent waters,Shandong Peninsula[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2013,43(5):77-81.
[16]胡日军.舟山群岛海域泥沙运移及动力机制分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Hu Ri-Jun.Sediment Transport and Dynamic Mechanism in the Zhoushan Archipelago Sea area[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009.
[17]中国海湾志编纂委员会.中国海湾志第十二分册(广西海湾).1993年12月第一版[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993:73.China’s Gulf Compilation Committee.The 12th of the China’s Ggulf Volunteers(Guangxi Bay)1993.12[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1993:73.
[18]童国榜,陈亮,龙江平,等.北部湾东部表层孢粉沉积特征及其沉积动力环境[J].科学通报,2012(9):743-752.Tong Guo-Bang,Chen Liang,Long Jiang-Ping et al.Surface pollen distribution patterns in Beibu Gulf and corresponding sediment dynamics environment[J].China Sci Bull,2012(9):743-752.
[19]张伯虎,陈沈良,谷国传.广西沿岸重点港湾的潮型与潮汐特征[J].海洋学研究,2010(3):9-16.Zhang Bo-Hu,Chen Shen-Liang,Gu Guo-Chuan.Tidal types and characteristics of the harbors along the Guangxi coast[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2010(3):9-16.
[20]赵俊生,王桂云,陈则实,等.海洋环境有效利用的分析研究:北部湾广西沿岸海域[M].北京:海洋出版社,2002.Zhao Jun-Sheng,Wang Gui-Yun,Chen Ze-Shi,et al.The Analysis and Research of the Effective Utilization of Marine Environment:Guangxi Coastal Water in the Beibu Gulf[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2002.
[21]蒋磊明,陈波,邱绍芳.廉州湾三角洲泥沙运移与海洋动力条件的关系[J].广西科学院学报,2008(1):25-28.Jiang Lei-Ming,Chen Bo,Qiu Shao-Fang.The relationship of silt transportation and ocean dynamical condition in delta of Lianzhou Bay[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2008(1):25-28.
[22]孙和平,业治铮.广西南流江三角洲沉积作用及沉积相[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1987,7(3):1-13.Sun He-Ping,Ye Zhi-Zheng.Sedimentation and sedimentary facies of nanliujiang Delta,Guangxi[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1987,7(3):1-13.
[23]邓朝亮,黎广钊,刘敬合,等.铁山港湾水下动力地貌特征及其成因[J].海洋科学展,2004(2):170-176.Deng Chao-Liang,Li Guang-Zhao,Liu Jing-He,et al.Submarine dynamic geomorphological characteristics and their formation cause in the Tieshan Harbor Area[J].Advances In Marine Science,2004(2):170-176.
[24]Folk R L,Andrews P B,Lewis D W.Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand[J].New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics,1970,13(4):937-968.
[25]Soulsby R L.Dynamics of Marine Sands[M].London:Thomas Telford Ltd,1992:182.
[26]谷东起,吴桑云.廉州湾南部海域泥沙来源及运移趋势分析[J].黄渤海海洋,2001(1):25-31.Gu Dong-Qi,Wu Sang-Yun.Analysis of the Sediment sources and the transport tendency in the Southern Lianzhou Bay[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,2001(1):25-31.
[27]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos river bar:a study in the signification bof grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1957,27:3-27.
[28]陈吉余,沈焕庭,恽才兴,等.长江河口动力过程和地貌演变[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1988:102-107.Chen Ji-Yu,Shen Huan-Ting,Hun Cai-Xing,et al.Dynamic Processes and Geomorphic Evolution of the Changjiang Estuary[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,1988:102-107.
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