2010年秋季北部湾广西沿岸表层浮游植物分布特征
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摘要
2010年9月5～15日对广西沿岸46个站位进行了浮游植物群落结构的凋查。调查结果表明:共鉴定出浮游植物59属,130种(含变种、变型),其中硅藻42属101种,占所有物种数的77.69%,占总细胞丰度的94.13%;甲藻12属24种,占物种数的18.46%,占总细胞丰度的3.56%。浮游植物平均细胞数量为(15.16±22.70)×104/L,变化范围为(0.43～114.89)×104/L,硅藻的平均细胞数量为(14.27±22.72)×104/L,变化范围为(0.12～114.48)×104/L;甲藻类的平均细胞数量为(0.54±0.82)×104/L,变化范围为(0.11～5.40)×104/L。浮游植物高值区主要位于防城港湾及钦州港外海处,在茅尾海、大风江附近海域、北海海域丰度较小,总体分布趋势为由西向东逐渐递减。主要优势种为拟旋链角毛藻、菱形海线藻、中肋骨条藻、环纹娄氏藻和斯托根管藻。调查海区浮游植物的多样性指数和均匀度指数的平面分布特征相似,均为外海高于沿岸海域,生物多样性和均匀度指数较高,浮游植物群集较成熟稳定。应用典范对应分析(CCA)发现磷酸盐和总氮是影响广西北部湾浮游植物物种分布格局最重要的因素;COD和透明度也起一定的作用。
We investigated the abundance and species composition of phytoplankton community in the coastal water of Guangxi from 5 to 15 in September 2010.A total of 130 species belonging to 59 genera were identified.Diatoms contributed to 77.69% of the total phytoplankton species number and 94.13%of the total phytoplankton cell abundance;followed by dinoflage1lates,which accounted for 18.46%of total phytoplankton species number and 3.56%of the total phytoplankton cell abundance.Phytoplankton abundance varied from 0.43×104/L to 114.89×104/L,the average density was 15.16×104/L,the average density of diatom was 14.27×104/L,the average density of dinoflagellate was 0.54×104/L,Phytoplankton abundance had a lower value in Maowei Sea,adjacent waters of Dafengjiang and Beihai sea area,the quantitative distributions of phytoplankton,presented a reduced tendency from east to west.The dominant species were Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetuss Mangin,Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow,Skeletonema costatum Cleve,Lauderia annulata Cleve and Rhizosolenia stolterfothii Peragallo.The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices and Pielou's evenness of phytoplankton community with a similar plane distribution were higher off the coast than on the coastal area,the phytoplankton assemblage was comparatively stabilizing.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was applied to explore the relationship between phytoplankton species and environmental parameters,the results showed that phosphate concentration and the total nitrogen were the most important factors,nitrate,COD and transparency were secondary important factors,which influencing the phytoplankton species distribution patterns.
We investigated the abundance and species composition of phytoplankton community in the coastal water of Guangxi from 5 to 15 in September 2010.A total of 130 species belonging to 59 genera were identified.Diatoms contributed to 77.69% of the total phytoplankton species number and 94.13%of the total phytoplankton cell abundance;followed by dinoflage1lates,which accounted for 18.46%of total phytoplankton species number and 3.56%of the total phytoplankton cell abundance.Phytoplankton abundance varied from 0.43×104/L to 114.89×104/L,the average density was 15.16×104/L,the average density of diatom was 14.27×104/L,the average density of dinoflagellate was 0.54×104/L,Phytoplankton abundance had a lower value in Maowei Sea,adjacent waters of Dafengjiang and Beihai sea area,the quantitative distributions of phytoplankton,presented a reduced tendency from east to west.The dominant species were Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetuss Mangin,Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow,Skeletonema costatum Cleve,Lauderia annulata Cleve and Rhizosolenia stolterfothii Peragallo.The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices and Pielou's evenness of phytoplankton community with a similar plane distribution were higher off the coast than on the coastal area,the phytoplankton assemblage was comparatively stabilizing.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was applied to explore the relationship between phytoplankton species and environmental parameters,the results showed that phosphate concentration and the total nitrogen were the most important factors,nitrate,COD and transparency were secondary important factors,which influencing the phytoplankton species distribution patterns.
引文
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[15]顾新根,袁骐,杨焦文,等.长江口羽状峰海区浮游植物的生态研究[J].中国水产科学,1995,2(1):1-15.
[16]栾青杉,孙军,宋书群,等.2004年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集[J].海洋科学进展,2008,26(3):364-371.
[17]孙军,刘东艳,魏皓,等.琉球群岛邻近海域浮游植物多样性的模糊综合评判[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(04):445-453.
[18]TER BRAAK C J F.Canonical correspondence analysis:A new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis[J].Ecology,1986,67:1167-1179.
[19]蓝文陆,彭小燕.茅尾海富营养化程度及其对浮游植物生物量的影响[J].广西科学院学报,2011,27(2):109-112,116.
[2]高东阳,李纯厚,刘广锋,等.北部湾海域浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(3):13-18.
[3]周茜茜,陈长平,梁君荣,等.北部湾2006年夏季网采浮游植物种类组成与数量分布[C]//北部湾海洋科学研究论文集第一辑.北京:海洋出版社,2008:171-179.
[4]庄军莲,许铭本,张荣灿,等.广西防城港湾浮游植物数量周年变化特征[J].广西科学,2010,17(4):387-390,395.
[5]赖廷和,邱绍芳.北海近岸水域浮游植物群落结构及数量周年变化特征[J].海洋通报,2005,24(5):27-32.
[6]GB/T12763-1991,海洋调查规范[S].
[7]孙军,刘东艳,钱树本.一种海洋浮游植物定量研究分析方法:Utermohl方法的介绍及其改进[J].黄勃海海洋,2002,20(2):105-112.
[8]TER BRAAK C J F,MILAUER P.CANOCO Reference Mannualand User's Guide to Canoco for Windows:Software for CanonicalCommunity Ordination.Microcomputer Power,Ithace[J].NewYork,1998,1-351.
[9]NG S L,SIN F S.A diatom model for inferring sea level change inthe coastal waters of Hong Kong[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2003,30:427-440.
[10]陈照章,胡建宇,孙振宇,等.北部湾东部海区夏季和冬季温盐平面分布特征比较[C]//北部湾海洋科学研究论文集第二辑.北京:海洋出版社,2008:171-179.
[11]李立.南海上层环流观测研究进展[J].台湾海峡,2002,21(1):114-125.
[12]郭玉洁,钱树本.中国海藻志第五卷硅藻门第一册中心纲[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[13]金德祥,陈金环,黄凯歌.中国海洋浮游硅藻类[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1965.
[14]王宗灵,李瑞香,朱明远,等.半连续培养下东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻种群生长过程与中间竞争研究[J].海洋科学进展,2006,24(4):495-50.
[15]顾新根,袁骐,杨焦文,等.长江口羽状峰海区浮游植物的生态研究[J].中国水产科学,1995,2(1):1-15.
[16]栾青杉,孙军,宋书群,等.2004年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集[J].海洋科学进展,2008,26(3):364-371.
[17]孙军,刘东艳,魏皓,等.琉球群岛邻近海域浮游植物多样性的模糊综合评判[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(04):445-453.
[18]TER BRAAK C J F.Canonical correspondence analysis:A new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis[J].Ecology,1986,67:1167-1179.
[19]蓝文陆,彭小燕.茅尾海富营养化程度及其对浮游植物生物量的影响[J].广西科学院学报,2011,27(2):109-112,116.