华南沿海近江牡蛎体中硫丹残留特征研究
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摘要
为探讨种植业近年仍在使用的硫丹杀虫剂对沿岸海域的污染状况,以近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)作指示生物,用气相色谱-微电子捕获检测器测定其软组织中硫丹的含量(按μg·kg-1湿重计),分析硫丹含量的时空分布与组成特征。结果表明,华南沿岸海域牡蛎体中硫丹含量总体呈下降趋势,区域平均值相对高低依次为广东沿岸(2.13μg·kg-1湿重)>海南沿岸(1.23μg·kg-1湿重)>广西沿岸(0.76μg·kg-1湿重),且在23个观测站间存在不同程度的差异。按牡蛎体中硫丹异构体组成初步推测,近几年华南沿岸地区使用硫丹的可能性依次为广东>广西>海南岛。共观测样本115份,在检出硫丹的40份样本中,硫丹残留量在1.03~12.2μg·kg-1湿重程度范围内,其中2份略高于欧盟的限量,16份略超过日本的限量,但远低于澳大利亚、加拿大的限量和世界卫生组织评估的人体安全摄取量。
Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and may finally enter sea water body.During 2008—2012,Ostrea oysters(Crassostrea rivularis)were collected from near sea waters of South China to determine contents of endosulfan in the soft tissues of Ostrea oysters by gas chromatography equipped with quartz capillary column and electric catch detector.The endosulfan contents in oyster samples trended to decrease during five years.Of all 115 samples,forty samples were detected to have endosulfan,ranging from 1.03 μg·kg-1to 12.2 μg·kg-1(wet weight),much lower than the residual limits of Australia and Canada,as well as human intake limit by the World Health Organization.However,endosulfan contents in two samples were higher than the limit of Europe Union and 16 greater than the Japanese limit.There were differences in endosulfan contents among twenty-three sampling sites.The average contents of endosulfan were in order of Guangdong coast(2.13 μg·kg-1 w.w.)> Hainan coast(1.23 μg·kg-1 w.w.)> Guangxi coast(0.76 μg·kg-1 w.w.).The isomer composition of endosulfan in oyster samples showed that its current application occurred the most possibly in Guangdong Province,followed by Guangxi Province and the least in Hainan Province.
Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and may finally enter sea water body.During 2008—2012,Ostrea oysters(Crassostrea rivularis)were collected from near sea waters of South China to determine contents of endosulfan in the soft tissues of Ostrea oysters by gas chromatography equipped with quartz capillary column and electric catch detector.The endosulfan contents in oyster samples trended to decrease during five years.Of all 115 samples,forty samples were detected to have endosulfan,ranging from 1.03 μg·kg-1to 12.2 μg·kg-1(wet weight),much lower than the residual limits of Australia and Canada,as well as human intake limit by the World Health Organization.However,endosulfan contents in two samples were higher than the limit of Europe Union and 16 greater than the Japanese limit.There were differences in endosulfan contents among twenty-three sampling sites.The average contents of endosulfan were in order of Guangdong coast(2.13 μg·kg-1 w.w.)> Hainan coast(1.23 μg·kg-1 w.w.)> Guangxi coast(0.76 μg·kg-1 w.w.).The isomer composition of endosulfan in oyster samples showed that its current application occurred the most possibly in Guangdong Province,followed by Guangxi Province and the least in Hainan Province.
引文
[1]叶玫,姜琳琳,余颖.渔业环境沉积物中硫丹及其代谢物残留的气相色谱分析[J].福建水产,2012,34(3):177-182.Ye M,Jiang L L,Yu Y.Analysis of endosulfan and its metabolite residues in sediment from fisheries environment by gas chromatography[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2012,34(3):177-182.
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[4]任南琪,张晓丹,周广红,等.硫丹致小鼠生精细胞凋亡及其机制研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):386-390.Ren N Q,Zhang X D,Zhou G H,et al.Induced apoptosis and mechanism of endosulfan in mouse germ cells[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(2):386-390.
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[9]李娟,甘居利.几种有机氯杀虫剂对鱼类的毒性和残留效应[J].环境化学,2011,30(7):1241-1246.Li J,Gan J L.Toxic and residual effect on fish of several organochlorine insecticides[J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,30(7):1241-1246.
[10]郭少忠.关于鳗鱼硫丹残留初步调查的探讨[J].科学养鱼,2006(10):6-7.Guo S Z.Discussion on preliminary investigation for endosulfan residues in eels[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2006(10):6-7.
[11]贾晓平,林钦,李纯厚,等.南海渔业生态环境与生物资源污染效应研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004:4-20.Jia X P,Lin Q,Li C H,et al.Pollution effect on fishery environment and biological resource in South China Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2004:4-20.
[12]Yatawara M,Qi S H,Owago O J,et al.Organochlorine pesticide and heavy metal residues in some edible biota collected from Quanzhou Bay and Xinghua Bay,Southeast China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(2):314-320.
[13]丘耀文,郭玲利,张干.深圳湾典型有机氯农药的生物累积及其人体健康风险[J].生态毒理学报,2008,3(1):42-47.Qiu Y W,Guo L L,Zhang G.Levels of organochlorine pesticides in organisms from Deep Bay and human health risk assessment[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2008,3(1):42-47.
[14]Gan J L,Jia X P,Lin Q,et al.Changes in DDT and HCH levels in oysters(Crassostrea rivularis)from coast of Guangdong,China between2003 and 2007[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part B:Pesticides,Food Contaminants,and Agricultural Waste,2009,44(8):817-822.
[15]王清云,甘居利,陈海刚,等.广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs的时空变化趋势研究[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):86-93.Wang Q Y,Gan J L,Chen H G,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of DDTs in Oysters(Crassotrea rivularis Gould)along Guangdong Coast,China[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(3):86-93.
[16]陈树兵,俞雪钧,樊苑牧,等.冷冻去脂-固相萃取-气相色谱法快速测定水产品中硫丹、硫丹硫酸酯和溴氰菊酯残留量[J].分析试验室,2008,27(4):80-83.Chen S B,Yu X J,Fan Y M,et al.Rapid determination of endosulfan,endosulfan sulfate and deltamethrin residues in aquatic products by freeing lipid filtration,solid phase extraction and gas chromatography[J].Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory,2008,27(4):80-83.
[17]李爱军,周晓,张代辉,等.气相色谱法快速测定鱼肉中硫丹含量[J].饲料研究,2007(6):20-21.Li A J,Zhou X,Zhang D H,et al.Rapid determination of endosulfan in fish meat by gas chromatography[J].Feed Research,2007(6):20-21.
[18]Wu Y,Zhang J,Zhou Q.Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from Chinese river/estuary systems[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,105:143-150.
[19]李富根,张文君,王以燕.硫丹的使用风险和管理动态[J].农药,2009,48(7):542-544.Li F G,Zhang W J,Wang Y Y.Usage risk and management dynamic of endosulfan[J].Pesticide,2009,48(7):542-544.
[20]Rao D M R.Studies on the relative toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan to the Indian major carp Catla catlawith special reference to some biochemical changes induced by the pesticide[J].Pest Biochem Physiol,1989,33(3):220-229.
[21]Rachmansyah U,Yulianingsih R,Radiarta I N.Distribution of endosulfan residue along the west coast of South Sulawesi(Indonesia)[J].Journal Penelitian Indonesia,1999,5(2):1-3.
[22]Nowak B,Julli M.Residues of endosulfan in wild fish from cotton growing areas in New South Wales,Australia[J].Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry,1991,33(3-4):151-167.
[23]Xue N D,Zhang D R,Xu X B.Organochlorinated pesticide multiresidues in surface sediments from Beijing Guanting reservoir[J].Water Research,2006,40(2):183-194.
[24]Instruction 86/363/EEC 2006.Maximum Residue Limits on Pesticide Residue in Animal Derived Food[S].
[25]Uenoa D,Inouea S,Ikedab K,et al.Specific accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine 13 pesticides in Japanese common squid as a bioindicator[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,125(2):227-235.
[26]肖乐,胡国成,王峰.硫丹超标事件再次说明了什么[J].中国水产,2006(9):13-15.Xiao L,Hu G C,Wang F.What it explains again that endosulfan residual exceed the limit[J].China Fisheries,2006(9):13-15.
[2]胡国成,许木启,戴家银,等.硫丹对水生生物毒理效应的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):1042-1047.Hu G C,Xu M Q,Dai J Y,et al.Research progress on toxicological effects of endosulfan on aquatic organism[J].Journal of Fishery Science of China,2007,14(6):1042-1047.
[3]Sharma S,Nagpure N S,Kumar R P,et al.Studies on the genotoxicity of endosulfan in different tissues of fresh water fish Mystus vittatus using the Comet Assay[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2007,53(4):617-623.
[4]任南琪,张晓丹,周广红,等.硫丹致小鼠生精细胞凋亡及其机制研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):386-390.Ren N Q,Zhang X D,Zhou G H,et al.Induced apoptosis and mechanism of endosulfan in mouse germ cells[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(2):386-390.
[5]Weber J,Halsall C J,Muir D,et al.Endosulfan,a global pesticide:A review of its fate in the environment and occurrence in the Arctic[J].Science of the Environment,2010,408(15):2966-2984.
[6]Silva M H,Beauvais S L.Human health risk assessment of endosulfanΙ:Toxicology and hazard identification[J].Regul Toxicol Pharmacol,2010,56(1):4-17.
[7]徐甫,周志俊.硫丹的毒理学研究进展[J].环境与职业医学,2011,28(5):319-320.Xu P,Zhou Z J.Progress in research on toxicology of endosulfan[J].Journal of Environmental&Occupational Medicine,2011,28(5):319-320.
[8]刘琴.硫丹将全球禁用[J].农药市场信息,2011(13):7.Liu Q.Endosulfan will be disabled globally[J].Market Pesticide News,2011(13):7.
[9]李娟,甘居利.几种有机氯杀虫剂对鱼类的毒性和残留效应[J].环境化学,2011,30(7):1241-1246.Li J,Gan J L.Toxic and residual effect on fish of several organochlorine insecticides[J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,30(7):1241-1246.
[10]郭少忠.关于鳗鱼硫丹残留初步调查的探讨[J].科学养鱼,2006(10):6-7.Guo S Z.Discussion on preliminary investigation for endosulfan residues in eels[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2006(10):6-7.
[11]贾晓平,林钦,李纯厚,等.南海渔业生态环境与生物资源污染效应研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004:4-20.Jia X P,Lin Q,Li C H,et al.Pollution effect on fishery environment and biological resource in South China Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2004:4-20.
[12]Yatawara M,Qi S H,Owago O J,et al.Organochlorine pesticide and heavy metal residues in some edible biota collected from Quanzhou Bay and Xinghua Bay,Southeast China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(2):314-320.
[13]丘耀文,郭玲利,张干.深圳湾典型有机氯农药的生物累积及其人体健康风险[J].生态毒理学报,2008,3(1):42-47.Qiu Y W,Guo L L,Zhang G.Levels of organochlorine pesticides in organisms from Deep Bay and human health risk assessment[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2008,3(1):42-47.
[14]Gan J L,Jia X P,Lin Q,et al.Changes in DDT and HCH levels in oysters(Crassostrea rivularis)from coast of Guangdong,China between2003 and 2007[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part B:Pesticides,Food Contaminants,and Agricultural Waste,2009,44(8):817-822.
[15]王清云,甘居利,陈海刚,等.广东沿岸牡蛎体内DDTs的时空变化趋势研究[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):86-93.Wang Q Y,Gan J L,Chen H G,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of DDTs in Oysters(Crassotrea rivularis Gould)along Guangdong Coast,China[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(3):86-93.
[16]陈树兵,俞雪钧,樊苑牧,等.冷冻去脂-固相萃取-气相色谱法快速测定水产品中硫丹、硫丹硫酸酯和溴氰菊酯残留量[J].分析试验室,2008,27(4):80-83.Chen S B,Yu X J,Fan Y M,et al.Rapid determination of endosulfan,endosulfan sulfate and deltamethrin residues in aquatic products by freeing lipid filtration,solid phase extraction and gas chromatography[J].Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory,2008,27(4):80-83.
[17]李爱军,周晓,张代辉,等.气相色谱法快速测定鱼肉中硫丹含量[J].饲料研究,2007(6):20-21.Li A J,Zhou X,Zhang D H,et al.Rapid determination of endosulfan in fish meat by gas chromatography[J].Feed Research,2007(6):20-21.
[18]Wu Y,Zhang J,Zhou Q.Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from Chinese river/estuary systems[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,105:143-150.
[19]李富根,张文君,王以燕.硫丹的使用风险和管理动态[J].农药,2009,48(7):542-544.Li F G,Zhang W J,Wang Y Y.Usage risk and management dynamic of endosulfan[J].Pesticide,2009,48(7):542-544.
[20]Rao D M R.Studies on the relative toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan to the Indian major carp Catla catlawith special reference to some biochemical changes induced by the pesticide[J].Pest Biochem Physiol,1989,33(3):220-229.
[21]Rachmansyah U,Yulianingsih R,Radiarta I N.Distribution of endosulfan residue along the west coast of South Sulawesi(Indonesia)[J].Journal Penelitian Indonesia,1999,5(2):1-3.
[22]Nowak B,Julli M.Residues of endosulfan in wild fish from cotton growing areas in New South Wales,Australia[J].Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry,1991,33(3-4):151-167.
[23]Xue N D,Zhang D R,Xu X B.Organochlorinated pesticide multiresidues in surface sediments from Beijing Guanting reservoir[J].Water Research,2006,40(2):183-194.
[24]Instruction 86/363/EEC 2006.Maximum Residue Limits on Pesticide Residue in Animal Derived Food[S].
[25]Uenoa D,Inouea S,Ikedab K,et al.Specific accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine 13 pesticides in Japanese common squid as a bioindicator[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,125(2):227-235.
[26]肖乐,胡国成,王峰.硫丹超标事件再次说明了什么[J].中国水产,2006(9):13-15.Xiao L,Hu G C,Wang F.What it explains again that endosulfan residual exceed the limit[J].China Fisheries,2006(9):13-15.