南沙西南部下地壳高速层成因
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摘要
高速层成因的争议限制了对南海深部结构、构造演化以及南海完整演化历史的认识.运用Oasis Montaj软件对穿越南沙西南部的最新地震测线进行重震联合反演,分析莫霍面起伏、地壳厚度及高速层的分布,计算全壳伸展因子和现今高速层的温度、识别火山时代,并探讨高速层的成因.南薇西盆地和礼乐盆地区伸展因子为1.5～4.0,未达到蛇纹石发育条件;南沙海槽区伸展因子大,最大为11.2,海水可通过深大断裂下渗与橄榄岩反应生成蛇纹石,高速层处温度低于蛇纹石稳定温度;通过地震剖面确定火山在南海停止扩张之后形成.研究结果表明,南沙西南部高速层按成因分为两类,南薇西盆地和礼乐盆地区为南海扩张停止后火山喷发残余的岩浆,而南沙海槽盆地区为早期橄榄岩的蛇纹石化与南海停止扩张后岩浆的混合体.
The controversy over the genesis of the high velocity layer limits the understanding of the deep structure,tectonic evolution and complete evolution of the South China Sea.In order to understand the origin of high velocity layer in the lower crust of the southwestern Nansha block,the joint inversion of gravity and seismic data was performed by using Oasis Montaj software in this study.The seismic profile is across the southwestern Nansha Block.The Moho undulation,crustal thickness and the distribution of the high velocity layer are recorded.The regional extension factor and the temperature at the high layer depth are calculated,and the age of volcanic eruption is determined by seismic features.The whole crustal stretching factor of the Nanweixi Basin and the Liyue Basin area is 1.5-4.0,which is impossible to develop serpentine.The whole crustal stretching factor is up to 11.2 in the Nansha trough.The serpentine is formed by the reaction of peridotite and sea water which enters the mantle through the fractures.The temperature near the high velocity layer is lower than the stable temperature of the serpentine.The volcanic eruption was found in the same place in the seismic profile,and the volcano formed after the cessation of the spreading of the South China Sea.The results indicate that the high velocity layer of the southwestern Nansha Block can be divided into two types.The high velocity layer in the Nanweixi and the Liyue basins is formed by volcanic eruption after the cessation of the spreading of the South China Sea;and the other section in the Nansha trough basin is a mixture of serpentinized peridotite and late magma.
The controversy over the genesis of the high velocity layer limits the understanding of the deep structure,tectonic evolution and complete evolution of the South China Sea.In order to understand the origin of high velocity layer in the lower crust of the southwestern Nansha block,the joint inversion of gravity and seismic data was performed by using Oasis Montaj software in this study.The seismic profile is across the southwestern Nansha Block.The Moho undulation,crustal thickness and the distribution of the high velocity layer are recorded.The regional extension factor and the temperature at the high layer depth are calculated,and the age of volcanic eruption is determined by seismic features.The whole crustal stretching factor of the Nanweixi Basin and the Liyue Basin area is 1.5-4.0,which is impossible to develop serpentine.The whole crustal stretching factor is up to 11.2 in the Nansha trough.The serpentine is formed by the reaction of peridotite and sea water which enters the mantle through the fractures.The temperature near the high velocity layer is lower than the stable temperature of the serpentine.The volcanic eruption was found in the same place in the seismic profile,and the volcano formed after the cessation of the spreading of the South China Sea.The results indicate that the high velocity layer of the southwestern Nansha Block can be divided into two types.The high velocity layer in the Nanweixi and the Liyue basins is formed by volcanic eruption after the cessation of the spreading of the South China Sea;and the other section in the Nansha trough basin is a mixture of serpentinized peridotite and late magma.
引文
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Chen,Y.L.,Niu,F.L.,Liu,R.F.,et al.,2010.Crustal Structure beneath China from Receiver Function Analysis.Journal of Geophysical Research,115:B03307.https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006386
Cheng,Z.H.,Ding,W.W.,Dong,C.Z.,et al.,2014.Crustal Structures Inferred from Gravity Modeling and Stretching Model in the South of South China Sea.Geological Journal of China Universities,20(2):239-248(in Chinese with English abstract).
Christensen,N.I.,Mooney,W.D.,1995.Seismic Velocity Structure and Composition of the Continental Crust:A Global View.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,100(B6):9761-9788.https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb00259
Ding,W.W.,Li,J.B.,2011.Seismic Stratigraphy,Tectonic Structure and Extension Factors across the Southern Margin of the South China Sea:Evidence from Two Regional Multi-Channel Seismic Profiles.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(12):3038-3056(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong,M.,Wu,S.G.,Zhang,J.,2016.Thinned Crustal Structure and Tectonic Boundary of the Nansha Block,Southern South China Sea.Marine Geophysical Research,37(4):1-16.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-016-9290-3.
Fan,C.Y.,Xia,S.H.,Zhao,F.,et al.,2017.New Insights into the Magmatism in the Northern Margin of the South China Sea:Spatial Features and Volume of Intraplate Seamounts.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,18(6):2216-2239.https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gc006792
Franke,D.,2013.Rifting,Lithosphere Breakup and Volcanism:Comparison of Magma-Poor and Volcanic Rifted Margins.Marine and Petroleum Geology,43:63-87.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.11.003
Franke,D.,Barckhausen,U.,Baristeas,N.,et al.,2011.The Continent-Ocean Transition at the Southeastern Margin of the South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,28(6):1187-1204.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.01.004
Gao,J.W.,2015.The Continent-Ocean Transition Zone at the Northern Margin of the South China Sea(Dissertation).University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gernigon,L.,Ringenbach,J.C.,Planke,S.,et al.,2004.Deep Structures and Breakup along Volcanic Rifted Margins:Insights from Integrated Studies along the Outer Vring Basin(Norway).Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(3):363-372.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.01.005
Hall,R.,van Hattum,M.W.A.,Spakman,W.,2008.Impact of India-Asia Collision on SE Asia:The Record in Borneo.Tectonophysics,451:366-389.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.058
Hao,T.Y.,Xu,Y.,Sun,F.L.,et al.,2011.Integrated Geophysical Research on the Tectonic Attribute of Conjugate Continental Margin of South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(12):3098-3116(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hesse,S.,Back,S.,Franke,D.,2009.The Deep-Water Foldand-Thrust Belt Offshore NW Borneo:Gravity-Driven versus Basement-Driven Shortening.Geological Society of America Bulletin,121(5-6):939-953.https://doi.org/10.1130/b26411.1
Kido,Y.,Suyehiro,K.,Kinoshita,H.,2001.Rifting to Spreading Process along the Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea.Marine Geophysical Researches,22(1):1-15.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004869628532
Lei,C.,Ren,J.Y.,Tong,D.J.,2013.Geodynamics of the Ocean-Continent Transition Zone,Northern Margin of the South China Sea:Implications for the Opening of the South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(4):1287-1299(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei,C.,Ren,J.Y.,Zhang,J.,2015.Tectonic Province Divisions in the South China Sea:Implications for Basin Geodynamic.Earth Science,40(4):744-762(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2015.062
Liu,A.,Wu.G,Z.,Wu,S.M.,2008.A Discussion on the Origin of High Velocity Layer in the Lower Crust of Northeast South China Sea.Geological Review,54(5):609-616(in Chinese with English abstract).
McIntosh,K.,Lavier,L.,van Avendonk,H.,et al.,2014.Crustal Structure and Inferred Rifting Processes in the Northeast South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,58:612-626.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.03.012
McKenzie,D.,1978.Some Remarks on the Development of Sedimentary Basins.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,40(1):25-32.https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(78)90071-7
McKenzie,D.,Bickle,M.J.,1988.The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere.Journal of Petrology,29(3):625-679.https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.3.625
Mével,C.,2003.Serpentinization of Abyssal Peridotites at MidOcean Ridges.Comptes Rendus-Géoscience,335(10):825-852.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2003.08.006
Peng,X.,Shen,C.B.,Mei,L.F.,et al.,2018.Rift-Drift Transition in the Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea.Marine Geophysical Research,Online.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-018-9353-8
Pichot,T.,Delescluse,M.,Chamot-Rooke,N.,et al.,2014.Deep Crustal Structure of the Conjugate Margins of the SW South China Sea from Wide-Angle Refraction Seismic Data.Marine and Petroleum Geology,58:627-643.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.10.008
Reston,T.J.,2009.The Structure,Evolution and Symmetry of the Magma-Poor Rifted Margins of the North and Central Atlantic:A Synthesis.Tectonophysics,468(1-4):6-27.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.002
Schlüter,H.U.,Hinz,K.,Block,M.,1996.Tectono-Stratigraphic Terranes and Detachment Faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea.Marine Geology,130(1-2):39-78.https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00137-9
Sun,Z.,Zhao,Z.X.,Li,J.B.,et al.,2011.Tectonic Analysis of the Breakup and Collision Unconformities in the Nansha.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,54(12):3196-3209(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang,W.,Zhao,Z.G.,Xie,X.J.,et al.,2018.Structural Patterns of Thrust-Related Folds of Deepwater Fold and Thrust Belts in NW Borneo.Earth Science,43(2):491-501(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.025
Vijayan,V.R.,Foss,C.,Stagg,H.,2013.Crustal Character and Thickness over the Dangerous Grounds and beneath the Northwest Borneo Trough.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,76:389-398.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.06.004
Whitmarsh,R.B.,White,R.S.,Horsefield,S.J.,et al.,1996.The Ocean-Continent Boundary off the Western Continental Margin of Iberia:Crustal Structure West of Galicia Bank.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,101(B12):28291-28314.https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb02579
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