自由立体显示器定向背光侧面发光光纤
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摘要
设计并研究了一种采用激光打标机在塑料光纤(POF)表面雕刻散射点的侧面均匀发光光纤,可用作自由立体显示器的定向背光光源。通过建立激光打标凹形散射点的POF均匀发光模型,推导了POF均匀发光的散射点坐标计算公式。针对设计的凹形散射点参数,用SolidWorks软件构建侧面发光光纤模型,用TracePro软件进行光线追迹仿真。结果表明,散射点长度半圆心角(用于表征凹形散射点的深度和横向长度)的微小变化对发光亮度均匀度影响较大,而凹形散射点轴向宽度的微小变化对POF侧面发光均匀度影响很小。对各参数进行设计优化后,得到POF半径R=0.25 mm,凹形散射点宽度d=0.15 mm,散射点长度半圆心角θ=15°,POF长度L=600 mm,TracePro软件仿真得到POF侧面发光亮度均匀度为87.5%。根据设计优化后的参数采用激光打标机进行激光雕刻POF表面散射点,得到单根POF的侧面发光亮度均匀度为80.90%。将100根侧面发光POF紧密排布成面光源,得到面光源发光亮度均匀度为88.91%。实验结果表明所提出的设计方法和制作的POF面光源能满足自由立体显示器指向性背光源设计的要求。
A kind of uniformly-side-glowing optical fiber is designed and studied, which is obtained by scattering points graved on the plastic optical fiber(POF) by laser marking. This new fiber can be used as a directional backlight source for the autostereoscopic display. The model for a uniform side-glowing POF with laser marking engraved concave scattering points is established and used to derive the formula for calculating the scattering point coordinates. With the designed concave scattering point parameters, the model of side-glowing plastic optical fiber is established by the SolidWorks software, and the light ray tracing simulation is carried out based on the TracePro software. The results show that the tiny length semicircular angle change of scattering points, used for the characterization of depth and horizontal length of concave scattering points, has a large impact on the luminance uniformity. In contrast, the tiny axial width change of concave scattering points has a little impact on the side-glowing luminance uniformity. When the parameters are optimized, one can get the POF radius of R=0.25 mm, the concave scattering point width of d=0.15 mm, the scattering point length semicircular angle of θ=15°, the POF length of L=600 mm and the POF side-glowing luminance uniformity of 87.5% obtained by the TracePro simulation. According to the optimized design parameters, laser marking is used for graving scattering points on the POF surface and the obtained side-glowing luminance uniformity of single POF is 80.90%. Furthermore, a luminescence uniformity of 88.91% can be realized if the surface light source is composed of 100 side-glowing POFs. The experimental results show that the proposed design method and the fabricated POF surface light sources can meet the requirements of the directional backlight source design for 3 D autostereoscopic display.
A kind of uniformly-side-glowing optical fiber is designed and studied, which is obtained by scattering points graved on the plastic optical fiber(POF) by laser marking. This new fiber can be used as a directional backlight source for the autostereoscopic display. The model for a uniform side-glowing POF with laser marking engraved concave scattering points is established and used to derive the formula for calculating the scattering point coordinates. With the designed concave scattering point parameters, the model of side-glowing plastic optical fiber is established by the SolidWorks software, and the light ray tracing simulation is carried out based on the TracePro software. The results show that the tiny length semicircular angle change of scattering points, used for the characterization of depth and horizontal length of concave scattering points, has a large impact on the luminance uniformity. In contrast, the tiny axial width change of concave scattering points has a little impact on the side-glowing luminance uniformity. When the parameters are optimized, one can get the POF radius of R=0.25 mm, the concave scattering point width of d=0.15 mm, the scattering point length semicircular angle of θ=15°, the POF length of L=600 mm and the POF side-glowing luminance uniformity of 87.5% obtained by the TracePro simulation. According to the optimized design parameters, laser marking is used for graving scattering points on the POF surface and the obtained side-glowing luminance uniformity of single POF is 80.90%. Furthermore, a luminescence uniformity of 88.91% can be realized if the surface light source is composed of 100 side-glowing POFs. The experimental results show that the proposed design method and the fabricated POF surface light sources can meet the requirements of the directional backlight source design for 3 D autostereoscopic display.
引文
[1] Zhuang Z F, Zhang L, Surman P, et al. Directional view method for a time-sequential autostereoscopic display with full resolution[J]. Applied Optics, 2016, 55(28): 7847-7854.
[2] Su J B, Liang H W, Chen H Y, et al. Optimization of backlight scanning on auto-stereoscopic display with spatial and sequential hybrid control[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2015, 30(5): 877-882. 苏剑邦, 梁浩文, 陈海域, 等. 时空混合控制式自由立体显示系统背光刷新方式优化研究[J]. 液晶与显示, 2015, 30(5): 877-882.
[3] Krebs P, Liang H W, Fan H, et al. Homogeneous free-form directional backlight for 3D display[J]. Optics Communications, 2017, 397: 112-117.
[4] Fan H, Zhou Y G, Wang J H, et al. Full resolution, low crosstalk, and wide viewing angle auto-stereoscopic display with a hybrid spatial-temporal control using free-form surface backlight unit[J]. Journal of Display Technology, 2015, 11(7): 620-624.
[5] Choi H J. A time-sequential multiview autostereoscopic display without resolution loss using a multi-directional backlight unit and an LCD panel[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2012, 8288: 82881Y.
[6] Chen F P, Zhang X T, Liu C J, et al. Design on the directional backlight of crosstalk eliminated autostereoscopic display[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2017, 46(5): 0522004. 陈芳萍, 张晓婷, 刘楚嘉, 等. 消除自由立体显示串扰的定向背光源设计[J]. 光子学报, 2017, 46(5): 0522004.
[7] Fan H, Zhou Y G, Liang H W, et al. Glasses-free 3D display with glasses-assisted quality: key innovations for smart directional backlight autostereoscopy[C]//2015 IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing, December 13-16, Singapore: IEEE, 2016: 1-4.
[8] Liang H W, An S Z, Wang J H, et al. Optimizing time-multiplexing auto-stereoscopic displays with a genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Display Technology, 2014, 10(8): 695-699.
[9] Okuda Y. Laser backlight unit based on a leaky optical fiber[J]. Optical Engineering, 2012, 51(7): 074001.
[10] Fujieda I, Arizono K, Nishida K, et al. Backlight units based on light extraction from a curved optical fiber[J]. Optical Engineering, 2014, 53(6): 065104.
[11] Zhao Z T, Zhang H, Zou Y G, et al. Design and research of side lighted fiber of laser backlight source in liquid crystal display[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2017, 44(3): 0301004. 赵致童, 张贺, 邹永刚, 等. 液晶显示器激光背光光源侧体发光光纤的设计与研究[J]. 中国激光, 2017, 44(3): 0301004.
[12] Spigulis J. Glowing optical fiber designs and parameters[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 1997, 2967: 231-236.
[13] Yang T, Tao Q, Liang Z C. Research and design of uniform side-glowing optical fiber[J]. Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 16(1): 17-21. 杨涛, 陶庆, 梁忠诚. 通体均匀发光光纤的研究与设计[J]. 淮海工学院学报(自然科学版), 2007, 16(1): 17-21.
[14] Bisyarin M A, Eronyan M A, Kulesh A Y, et al. Light-emitting optical fibers with controllable anomalous small-angle scattering[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2017, 34(11): 2396-2399.
[15] Jiang Y, Ling G H, Yin Z D. Preparing principle and applications of side glowing optical fiber[J]. Optical Fiber & Electric Cable and their Applications, 2000(4): 10-16. 江源, 凌根华, 殷志东. 侧面发光光纤的制备原理及其应用[J]. 光纤与电缆及其应用技术, 2000(4): 10-16.
[16] Wang Y P, Wang D N, Jin W, et al. Asymmetric long period fiber gratings fabricated by use of CO2 laser to carve periodic grooves on the optical fiber[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(15): 151105.
[17] Roufael H, Castrellon-Uribe J, Lomer M, et al. Fasts laser POF side long period gratings fabrication[C]//Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications, August 28-30, Sigtuna, Sweden: Optical Society of America, 2013: F2. 29.
[18] Gao S H, Yang J Y, Wang L, et al. Design of scattering netted dots on light guide plate of edge-lighting LED used in illumination[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal, 2012, 23(6): 103-106. 高双红, 杨俊逸, 王蕾, 等. 用于照明的侧光式LED导光板网点设计[J]. 照明工程学报, 2012, 23(6): 103-106.
[19] Zhang Y S, Xie Z G, Zheng R S, et al. Mode coupling in polymer optical fiber and its enhancement to transmission bandwidth[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2006, 33(9): 1234-1238. 张永生, 谢志国, 郑荣升, 等. 聚合物光纤中的模式耦合及其对带宽的提高[J]. 中国激光, 2006, 33(9): 1234-1238.
[20] Huang B L, Guo T L, Chen E G, et al. Study on optimal scale of average netted dot density for light guide plate[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2015, 35(5): 0522002. 黄炳乐, 郭太良, 陈恩果, 等. 导光板网点平均密度范围的最优化研究[J]. 光学学报, 2015, 35(5): 0522002.
[21] Chen M F, Hsiao W T, Huang W L, et al. Laser coding on the eggshell using pulsed-laser marking system[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209(2): 737-744.
[22] Chen E G, Huang B L, Xu S, et al. Demonstration of an edge-lit light-guide plate using laser micro-machining technique[J]. 光子学报, 2015, 44(11): 1122002. 陈恩果, 黄炳乐, 徐胜, 等. 侧入式导光板的激光微加工技术的验证研究(英文)[J]. 光子学报, 2015, 44(11): 1122002.
[23] Hu C J, Yan F, Yu H B, et al. Technological research on polypropylene plastics using laser marking[J]. Applied Laser, 2015, 35(3): 351-355. 胡崇镜, 闫飞, 俞鸿斌, 等. 聚丙烯塑料激光打标工艺研究[J]. 应用激光, 2015, 35(3): 351-355.
[24] Zhang H, Zhu J, Zhao Y, et al. A design of light guide plate for direct illumination of large-sided liquid crystal panel[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2010, 30(9): 2668-2673. 张鹤, 朱钧, 赵燕, 等. 一种用于大尺寸液晶照明的直下式导光板模块设计[J]. 光学学报, 2010, 30(9): 2668-2673.
[25] Zhang X T, Liu C J, Qi Y, et al. Design of lens coupler with uniform energy distribution based on LED source and polymer optical fiber bundle[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2018, 38(2): 0208001. 张晓婷, 刘楚嘉, 漆宇, 等. 基于LED光源与聚合物光纤束的能量均匀透镜耦合器设计[J]. 光学学报, 2018, 38(2): 0208001.
[2] Su J B, Liang H W, Chen H Y, et al. Optimization of backlight scanning on auto-stereoscopic display with spatial and sequential hybrid control[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2015, 30(5): 877-882. 苏剑邦, 梁浩文, 陈海域, 等. 时空混合控制式自由立体显示系统背光刷新方式优化研究[J]. 液晶与显示, 2015, 30(5): 877-882.
[3] Krebs P, Liang H W, Fan H, et al. Homogeneous free-form directional backlight for 3D display[J]. Optics Communications, 2017, 397: 112-117.
[4] Fan H, Zhou Y G, Wang J H, et al. Full resolution, low crosstalk, and wide viewing angle auto-stereoscopic display with a hybrid spatial-temporal control using free-form surface backlight unit[J]. Journal of Display Technology, 2015, 11(7): 620-624.
[5] Choi H J. A time-sequential multiview autostereoscopic display without resolution loss using a multi-directional backlight unit and an LCD panel[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2012, 8288: 82881Y.
[6] Chen F P, Zhang X T, Liu C J, et al. Design on the directional backlight of crosstalk eliminated autostereoscopic display[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2017, 46(5): 0522004. 陈芳萍, 张晓婷, 刘楚嘉, 等. 消除自由立体显示串扰的定向背光源设计[J]. 光子学报, 2017, 46(5): 0522004.
[7] Fan H, Zhou Y G, Liang H W, et al. Glasses-free 3D display with glasses-assisted quality: key innovations for smart directional backlight autostereoscopy[C]//2015 IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing, December 13-16, Singapore: IEEE, 2016: 1-4.
[8] Liang H W, An S Z, Wang J H, et al. Optimizing time-multiplexing auto-stereoscopic displays with a genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Display Technology, 2014, 10(8): 695-699.
[9] Okuda Y. Laser backlight unit based on a leaky optical fiber[J]. Optical Engineering, 2012, 51(7): 074001.
[10] Fujieda I, Arizono K, Nishida K, et al. Backlight units based on light extraction from a curved optical fiber[J]. Optical Engineering, 2014, 53(6): 065104.
[11] Zhao Z T, Zhang H, Zou Y G, et al. Design and research of side lighted fiber of laser backlight source in liquid crystal display[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2017, 44(3): 0301004. 赵致童, 张贺, 邹永刚, 等. 液晶显示器激光背光光源侧体发光光纤的设计与研究[J]. 中国激光, 2017, 44(3): 0301004.
[12] Spigulis J. Glowing optical fiber designs and parameters[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 1997, 2967: 231-236.
[13] Yang T, Tao Q, Liang Z C. Research and design of uniform side-glowing optical fiber[J]. Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 16(1): 17-21. 杨涛, 陶庆, 梁忠诚. 通体均匀发光光纤的研究与设计[J]. 淮海工学院学报(自然科学版), 2007, 16(1): 17-21.
[14] Bisyarin M A, Eronyan M A, Kulesh A Y, et al. Light-emitting optical fibers with controllable anomalous small-angle scattering[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2017, 34(11): 2396-2399.
[15] Jiang Y, Ling G H, Yin Z D. Preparing principle and applications of side glowing optical fiber[J]. Optical Fiber & Electric Cable and their Applications, 2000(4): 10-16. 江源, 凌根华, 殷志东. 侧面发光光纤的制备原理及其应用[J]. 光纤与电缆及其应用技术, 2000(4): 10-16.
[16] Wang Y P, Wang D N, Jin W, et al. Asymmetric long period fiber gratings fabricated by use of CO2 laser to carve periodic grooves on the optical fiber[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(15): 151105.
[17] Roufael H, Castrellon-Uribe J, Lomer M, et al. Fasts laser POF side long period gratings fabrication[C]//Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications, August 28-30, Sigtuna, Sweden: Optical Society of America, 2013: F2. 29.
[18] Gao S H, Yang J Y, Wang L, et al. Design of scattering netted dots on light guide plate of edge-lighting LED used in illumination[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal, 2012, 23(6): 103-106. 高双红, 杨俊逸, 王蕾, 等. 用于照明的侧光式LED导光板网点设计[J]. 照明工程学报, 2012, 23(6): 103-106.
[19] Zhang Y S, Xie Z G, Zheng R S, et al. Mode coupling in polymer optical fiber and its enhancement to transmission bandwidth[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2006, 33(9): 1234-1238. 张永生, 谢志国, 郑荣升, 等. 聚合物光纤中的模式耦合及其对带宽的提高[J]. 中国激光, 2006, 33(9): 1234-1238.
[20] Huang B L, Guo T L, Chen E G, et al. Study on optimal scale of average netted dot density for light guide plate[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2015, 35(5): 0522002. 黄炳乐, 郭太良, 陈恩果, 等. 导光板网点平均密度范围的最优化研究[J]. 光学学报, 2015, 35(5): 0522002.
[21] Chen M F, Hsiao W T, Huang W L, et al. Laser coding on the eggshell using pulsed-laser marking system[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209(2): 737-744.
[22] Chen E G, Huang B L, Xu S, et al. Demonstration of an edge-lit light-guide plate using laser micro-machining technique[J]. 光子学报, 2015, 44(11): 1122002. 陈恩果, 黄炳乐, 徐胜, 等. 侧入式导光板的激光微加工技术的验证研究(英文)[J]. 光子学报, 2015, 44(11): 1122002.
[23] Hu C J, Yan F, Yu H B, et al. Technological research on polypropylene plastics using laser marking[J]. Applied Laser, 2015, 35(3): 351-355. 胡崇镜, 闫飞, 俞鸿斌, 等. 聚丙烯塑料激光打标工艺研究[J]. 应用激光, 2015, 35(3): 351-355.
[24] Zhang H, Zhu J, Zhao Y, et al. A design of light guide plate for direct illumination of large-sided liquid crystal panel[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2010, 30(9): 2668-2673. 张鹤, 朱钧, 赵燕, 等. 一种用于大尺寸液晶照明的直下式导光板模块设计[J]. 光学学报, 2010, 30(9): 2668-2673.
[25] Zhang X T, Liu C J, Qi Y, et al. Design of lens coupler with uniform energy distribution based on LED source and polymer optical fiber bundle[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2018, 38(2): 0208001. 张晓婷, 刘楚嘉, 漆宇, 等. 基于LED光源与聚合物光纤束的能量均匀透镜耦合器设计[J]. 光学学报, 2018, 38(2): 0208001.