楚雄狮子山州级自然保护区鸟类多样性分析
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摘要
于2015年8月、2016年1月和4月,采用样线法和样点法调查云南楚雄狮子山州级自然保护区鸟类,分析其多样性。结果表明:经调查共记录鸟类71种,加上文献资料记载的鸟种,目前狮子山保护区共计录鸟类10目28科115种。在此地繁殖的鸟类有100种,占所录鸟类的87.0%,按其分布和区系归属,可划分为3种类型。东洋种83种,占繁殖鸟总种数的82.0%,说明该保护区的鸟类区系具有明显的东洋界特点;古北种1种,占1.0%;广布种17种,占17.0%。1 800～2 000 m海拔带的鸟类多样性较低,2 000～2 200 m海拔带的多样性最高,2 200～2 400 m海拔带的多样性居中。与文献资料对比,保护区的莺科噪鹛亚科和鹟科鸫亚科鸟类数量呈明显减少趋势,这与1988年后捕捉鸣鸟较盛有关。与2015年夏季预调查结果对比,太阳鸟科鸟类数量呈减少现象,与当地公园建筑活动人为干扰有关。据此建议保护区管理部门应针对区域内的不同鸟类习性以及种群数量制定保护方案,加强监管,防止偷猎行为,减少人为干扰对该地区鸟类多样性的影响。
In order to understand the bird diversity, an investigation by line transect method and point count method was conducted in August, 2015, January and April 2016 in the Shizishan Nature Reserve of Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Seventy-one bird species were recorded in this survey, but a total of 115 species of birds belonging to 27 families and 10 orders were recorded in the Shizishan Nature Reserve, combining the historical recorded bird species. There are 100 species of birds breeding here, accounting for 87.0% of the recorded birds. According to their distribution and fauna, the 100 species can be divided into three types: 83 species of Oriental species, accounting for 82.0% of the total number of breeding birds, 1 species of Palaeard species(1.0%) and 17 species of widely distributed species(17.0%). Eighty-two percent of the breeding birds were Oriental species,which indicated that the Avifanun in the reserve had obvious Oriental characteristics. The Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index of birds in Shizishan Nature Reserve were 1.4 and 0.23 respectively. The diversity of birds between the 1 800 and 2 000 m altitude zone is the lowest, the diversity between 2 000 and 2 200 m is the highest,and the diversity between the 2 200 and 2 400 m is a median. Compared with the literatures, the number of the Timaliinae and Turdinae in the reserve showed a decreasing trend, which was related to the catch of songbirds since 1988. Compared with the results of the summer preliminary survey in 2015, the number of sunbirds decreased, which was related to the human disturbance of local park construction activities. Finally, it is suggested that the management department of the reserve can make protection schemes according to different bird habits and population numbers in the area, strengthen supervision, prevent poaching, and reduce the impact of human disturbance on bird diversity in this area.
In order to understand the bird diversity, an investigation by line transect method and point count method was conducted in August, 2015, January and April 2016 in the Shizishan Nature Reserve of Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Seventy-one bird species were recorded in this survey, but a total of 115 species of birds belonging to 27 families and 10 orders were recorded in the Shizishan Nature Reserve, combining the historical recorded bird species. There are 100 species of birds breeding here, accounting for 87.0% of the recorded birds. According to their distribution and fauna, the 100 species can be divided into three types: 83 species of Oriental species, accounting for 82.0% of the total number of breeding birds, 1 species of Palaeard species(1.0%) and 17 species of widely distributed species(17.0%). Eighty-two percent of the breeding birds were Oriental species,which indicated that the Avifanun in the reserve had obvious Oriental characteristics. The Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index of birds in Shizishan Nature Reserve were 1.4 and 0.23 respectively. The diversity of birds between the 1 800 and 2 000 m altitude zone is the lowest, the diversity between 2 000 and 2 200 m is the highest,and the diversity between the 2 200 and 2 400 m is a median. Compared with the literatures, the number of the Timaliinae and Turdinae in the reserve showed a decreasing trend, which was related to the catch of songbirds since 1988. Compared with the results of the summer preliminary survey in 2015, the number of sunbirds decreased, which was related to the human disturbance of local park construction activities. Finally, it is suggested that the management department of the reserve can make protection schemes according to different bird habits and population numbers in the area, strengthen supervision, prevent poaching, and reduce the impact of human disturbance on bird diversity in this area.
引文
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[2]Mill G S,Dunning J B,Bates J M.Effects of urbanization on breeding bird community structure in southwestern desert habitats[J].The Condor,1989,91(2):416.
[3]赵元藩,温庆忠.云南省武定县狮子山州级自然保护区总体规划[Z].昆明:云南省林业调查规划院昆明分院,2012.
[4]王紫江,李华恩.云南武定狮子山夏季鸟类观察[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1988,8(4):36-45.
[5]李文政,张世聪.云南武定狮山森林植被类型、分布及其起源[J].热带地理,1991,11(2):174-181.
[6]吴飞,杨晓君.样点法在森林鸟类调查中的运用[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2240-2244.
[7]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲力普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[8]杨岚.云南鸟类志:上卷:非雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1994.
[9]杨岚,杨晓君.云南鸟类志:下卷:雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2004.
[10]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[11]Cheng Tso-hsin.A synopsis of the Avifanun of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[12]张秀雷,陆钢,李仁贵,等.四川嘛咪泽自然保护区不同生境类型鸟类多样性调查[J].四川动物,2007,26(1):82-85.
[13]刘鲁明,董锋,和荣华,等.云南省玉龙雪山自然保护区鸟类资源调查[J].四川动物,2010,29(2):232-239.
[14]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性测度方法:上[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[15]Whittaker R H.Evolution and measurement of species diversity[J].Taxon,1972,21:213-251.
[16]杨晓君.云南鸟类多样性现状[M]//王紫江,黄海魁,杨晓君.保护鸟类,人鸟和谐.北京:中国林业出版社,2009:1-45.
[17]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2011.
[18]MacArthur R H,Wilson E O.The theory of Island biogeography[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1967.
[19]田超,杨新兵,刘阳.边缘效应及其对生态系统影响的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):2184-2192.