土壤中水分和镉浓度对油菜生长发育的影响
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摘要
为探求不同土壤水分和镉浓度对油菜生长生理特性及产量的影响,设置3个土壤水分处理组(相对含水量70%～80%、60%～70%和50%～60%),每个水分处理下分别设置6个镉处理浓度(0、5、10、15、20、30 mg·kg~(-1)),共18个处理。测定不同水分及镉处理对油菜生长、生物量、光合参数及产量的影响。结果表明:土壤水分的增加,对油菜株高、生物量、光合作用和产量有明显的促进作用;在供试镉浓度处理下,油菜生长生理及产量指标并无显著性差异,表明油菜对镉具有较好的耐受性。
In this paper, the rape(Brassica junica)was used as test materials, and two factors including water content and cadmium stress were tested, comprising three water treatments(70%～80%、60%～70% and 50%～60% of relative moisture content)and six cadmium treatments(0、5、10、15、20、30 mg·kg~(-1)), to find out the effects of different soil moisture and cadmium concentrations on physiological characteristics and yield of rape. The results showed that with the increase of soil water content, the plant height, biomass, photosynthesis and yield of rape were significantly promoted; Under the tested Cd concentrations, there were no significant difference in rape growth physiology and yield index, which indicating that rape had a certain resistance to cadmium in cadmium contaminated soil.
In this paper, the rape(Brassica junica)was used as test materials, and two factors including water content and cadmium stress were tested, comprising three water treatments(70%～80%、60%～70% and 50%～60% of relative moisture content)and six cadmium treatments(0、5、10、15、20、30 mg·kg~(-1)), to find out the effects of different soil moisture and cadmium concentrations on physiological characteristics and yield of rape. The results showed that with the increase of soil water content, the plant height, biomass, photosynthesis and yield of rape were significantly promoted; Under the tested Cd concentrations, there were no significant difference in rape growth physiology and yield index, which indicating that rape had a certain resistance to cadmium in cadmium contaminated soil.
引文
[1]Ganesh K S, Sundaramoorthy P, Nagarajan M. Organic soil amendments:Potential source for heavy metal accumulation[J]. World Scientific News, 2015, 10:28-39.
[2]辛艳卫,梁成华,杜立宇,等.不同玉米品种对镉的富集和转运特性[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(5):839-846.XIN Yan-wei, LIANG Cheng-hua, DU Li-yu, et al. Accumulation and translocation of cadmium in different maize cultivars[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017,36(5):839-846.
[3]田小琴,李卓,刘永红.成都平原农田镉污染情况及油菜镉吸收特征[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(3):496-506.TIAN Xiao-qin, LI Zhuo, LIU Yong-hong. Characteristics of cadmium uptake by rape(B.junica)grown in cadmium contaminated farmland on Chengdu Plain[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017,36(3):496-506.
[4]Nakadaira H, Nishi S. Effects of low-dose cadmium exposure on biological examinations[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2003,308:49-62.
[5]Hart J J, Welch R M, Norvell W A. Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning innear-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 172(2):261-271.
[6]沈振国,刘友良,陈怀满.螯合剂对重金属超量积累植物Thlaspi caerulescens的锌、铜、锰和铁吸收的影响[J].植物生理学报, 1998, 24(4):340-346.SHEN Zhen-guo, LIU You-liang, CHEN Huai-man. Effects of chelators EDTA and DTPA on the uptake of zinc, copper, manganese and iron by hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens[J]. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 1998,24(4):340-346.
[7]Salt D E, Prince R C, Pickering I J, et. al. Mechanisms of cadmium mobility and accumulation in Indian mustard[J]. Plant Physiology, 1995,109(4):1427-1433.
[8]王激清,茹淑华,苏德纯.用于修复土壤超积累镉的油菜品种筛选[J].中国农业大学学报, 2003, 8(1):67-70.WANG Ji-qing, RU Shu-hua, SU De-chun. Selection of a hyperaccumulator for phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2003, 8(1):67-70.
[9]徐素琴,程旺大.油菜、芥菜萌芽与幼苗生长的耐镉性差异[J].浙江农业科学, 2005, 1(6):436-438.XU Su-qin, CHENG Wang-da. Differences in response to Cd stress between rape seed and mustard during periods of germination and seedling growth[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2005, 1(6):436-438.
[10]金美芳,林明凤,施翔.镉胁迫对油菜种子萌发和根系生长的影响[J].种子, 2011, 30(10):70-73.JIN Mei-fang, LIN Ming-feng, SHI Xiang. Effects of Cd stress on seed germination and root growth of Brassica Napus[J]. Seed, 2011,30(10):70-73.
[11]江海东,周琴,李娜,等. Cd对油菜幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2006, 28(1):39-43.JIANG Hai-dong, ZHOU Qin, LI Na, et al. Effect of Cd on the growth and physiological characteristics of rape seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2006,28(1):39-43.
[12]王兴明,涂俊芳,李晶,等.镉处理对油菜生长和抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2006, 17(1):102-106.WANG Xing-ming, TU Jun-fang, LI Jing, et al. Effects of Cd on rape growth and antioxidant enzyme system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006,17(1):102-106.
[13]Xue Q W, Zhu Z X, Musick J T, et al. Physiological mechanisms contributing to the increased water-use efficiency in winter wheat under deficit irrigation[J]. J Plant Physiol, 2006, 163:154-164.
[14]Davies W J, Zhang J. Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of plants in drying soil[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 1991, 42:55-76.
[15]Hsiao T C. Plant responses to water stress[J]. Ann Rev Plant Physoil,1973, 24:519-570.
[16]Evangelou M W H, Robinson B H, Günthardt-Goerg M S, et al. Metal uptake and allocation in trees grown on contaminated land:Implication for biomass production[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2013, 15(1):77-90.
[17]Jing M, Gao F L, Wang G B, et al. The effects of soil water stress on growth and biomass allocation of Ginkgo biloba[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences), 2005, 29(3):168-173.
[18]Li S H, Xu X, He J, et al. Study on photosynthetic physiology characteristic of Cynanchum komarovii under water stress[J]. Acta Botancia Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2004, 24(1):100-104.
[19]朱万泽,薛建辉,王金锡.台湾桤木种源对水分胁迫的光合响应及其抗寒性[J].水土保持学报, 2004, 18(4):170-181.ZHU Wan-ze,Xue Jian-hui, WANG Jin-xi. Effects of water stress on net photosynthesis of Alnus Formosana provenances and its drought tolerance[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,18(4):170-181.
[20]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(5):1386-1396.PEI Bin, ZHANG Guang-can, ZHANG Shu-yong, et al. Effects of soil drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities in Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. seedings[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[21]帕提古力·麦麦提,巴特尔·巴克,海利力·库尔班.沙尘胁迫对阿月浑子光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(22):6450-6459.Patigul MAMAT, Batur BAKE, Halil KURBAN. Influence of dust stress on the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Pistacia vera L.[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014,34(22):6450-6459.
[22]王振夏,魏虹,吕茜,等.枫杨幼苗对土壤水分“湿-干”交替变化光合及叶绿素荧光的响应[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(3):888-897.WANG Zhen-xia, WEI Hong, LüQian, et al. Response of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Pterocarya stenoptera seedlings to submergence and drought alternation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(3):888-897.
[23]Padmaja K, Parsad D D K, Parsad A R K. Inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings by cadmium acetate[J].Photosynthetica, 1990(24):399-404.
[24]孙新,杨志敏,徐朗莱.镉诱导油菜叶片氧化胁迫及硫化物的络合作用[J].西北植物学报, 2003, 23(9):1506-1511.SUN Xin, YANG Zhi-min, XU Lang-lai. Cadmium-induced peroxidation and production of sulfur-related complex in the leaf of oilseed rape[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003,23(9):1506-1511.
[25]孙新,杨志敏,徐朗莱.缺硫条件下油菜对镉毒害的敏感性[J].南京农业大学学报, 2003, 26(4):56-59.SUN Xin, YANG Zhi-min, XU Lang-lai. Sensitivity of oilseed rape to cadmium under the sulfur deficiency[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2003,26(4):56-59.
[26]徐秋曼,陈宏,程景胜,等.镉对油菜叶细胞膜的损伤及细胞自身保护机制初探[J].农业环境保护, 2001, 20(4):235-237.XU Qiu-man, CHEN Hong, CHENG Jing-sheng, et al. Injure of cadmium on cell membrane of rape leaf and its protection mechanism[J].Agro-environmental Protection, 2001,20(4):235-237.
[27]Baryla A, Carrier P, Franck F, et al. Leaf chlorosis in oilseed rape plants(Brassica napus)grown on cadmium-polluted soil:Causes and consequences for photosynthesis and growth[J]. Planta, 2001(5/6),696-709.
[28]申孝军,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.灌水控制下限对冬小麦产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 26(12):58-65.SHEN Xiao-jun, SUN Jing-sheng, LIU Zu-gui, et al. Effects of low irrigation limits on yield and grain quality of winter wheat[J]. Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011,26(12):58-65.
[29]申孝军,孙景生,张寄阳,等.水分调控对麦茬棉产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业机械学报, 2014, 45(6):150-160.SHEN Xiao-jun, SUN Jing-sheng, ZHANG Ji-yang, et al. Effects of different water treatment on yield and water use of transplanted cotton following wheat harvest[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2014, 45(6):150-160.
[30]鲁先文,丁时和. Cd、Pd污染对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生物量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(6):124-127.LU Xian-wen, DING Shi-he. Effect of cadmium, lead pollution on seed germination and biomass of rape[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011,27(6):124-127.
[2]辛艳卫,梁成华,杜立宇,等.不同玉米品种对镉的富集和转运特性[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(5):839-846.XIN Yan-wei, LIANG Cheng-hua, DU Li-yu, et al. Accumulation and translocation of cadmium in different maize cultivars[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017,36(5):839-846.
[3]田小琴,李卓,刘永红.成都平原农田镉污染情况及油菜镉吸收特征[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(3):496-506.TIAN Xiao-qin, LI Zhuo, LIU Yong-hong. Characteristics of cadmium uptake by rape(B.junica)grown in cadmium contaminated farmland on Chengdu Plain[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017,36(3):496-506.
[4]Nakadaira H, Nishi S. Effects of low-dose cadmium exposure on biological examinations[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2003,308:49-62.
[5]Hart J J, Welch R M, Norvell W A. Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning innear-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 172(2):261-271.
[6]沈振国,刘友良,陈怀满.螯合剂对重金属超量积累植物Thlaspi caerulescens的锌、铜、锰和铁吸收的影响[J].植物生理学报, 1998, 24(4):340-346.SHEN Zhen-guo, LIU You-liang, CHEN Huai-man. Effects of chelators EDTA and DTPA on the uptake of zinc, copper, manganese and iron by hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens[J]. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 1998,24(4):340-346.
[7]Salt D E, Prince R C, Pickering I J, et. al. Mechanisms of cadmium mobility and accumulation in Indian mustard[J]. Plant Physiology, 1995,109(4):1427-1433.
[8]王激清,茹淑华,苏德纯.用于修复土壤超积累镉的油菜品种筛选[J].中国农业大学学报, 2003, 8(1):67-70.WANG Ji-qing, RU Shu-hua, SU De-chun. Selection of a hyperaccumulator for phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2003, 8(1):67-70.
[9]徐素琴,程旺大.油菜、芥菜萌芽与幼苗生长的耐镉性差异[J].浙江农业科学, 2005, 1(6):436-438.XU Su-qin, CHENG Wang-da. Differences in response to Cd stress between rape seed and mustard during periods of germination and seedling growth[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2005, 1(6):436-438.
[10]金美芳,林明凤,施翔.镉胁迫对油菜种子萌发和根系生长的影响[J].种子, 2011, 30(10):70-73.JIN Mei-fang, LIN Ming-feng, SHI Xiang. Effects of Cd stress on seed germination and root growth of Brassica Napus[J]. Seed, 2011,30(10):70-73.
[11]江海东,周琴,李娜,等. Cd对油菜幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2006, 28(1):39-43.JIANG Hai-dong, ZHOU Qin, LI Na, et al. Effect of Cd on the growth and physiological characteristics of rape seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2006,28(1):39-43.
[12]王兴明,涂俊芳,李晶,等.镉处理对油菜生长和抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2006, 17(1):102-106.WANG Xing-ming, TU Jun-fang, LI Jing, et al. Effects of Cd on rape growth and antioxidant enzyme system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006,17(1):102-106.
[13]Xue Q W, Zhu Z X, Musick J T, et al. Physiological mechanisms contributing to the increased water-use efficiency in winter wheat under deficit irrigation[J]. J Plant Physiol, 2006, 163:154-164.
[14]Davies W J, Zhang J. Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of plants in drying soil[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 1991, 42:55-76.
[15]Hsiao T C. Plant responses to water stress[J]. Ann Rev Plant Physoil,1973, 24:519-570.
[16]Evangelou M W H, Robinson B H, Günthardt-Goerg M S, et al. Metal uptake and allocation in trees grown on contaminated land:Implication for biomass production[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2013, 15(1):77-90.
[17]Jing M, Gao F L, Wang G B, et al. The effects of soil water stress on growth and biomass allocation of Ginkgo biloba[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences), 2005, 29(3):168-173.
[18]Li S H, Xu X, He J, et al. Study on photosynthetic physiology characteristic of Cynanchum komarovii under water stress[J]. Acta Botancia Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2004, 24(1):100-104.
[19]朱万泽,薛建辉,王金锡.台湾桤木种源对水分胁迫的光合响应及其抗寒性[J].水土保持学报, 2004, 18(4):170-181.ZHU Wan-ze,Xue Jian-hui, WANG Jin-xi. Effects of water stress on net photosynthesis of Alnus Formosana provenances and its drought tolerance[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,18(4):170-181.
[20]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(5):1386-1396.PEI Bin, ZHANG Guang-can, ZHANG Shu-yong, et al. Effects of soil drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities in Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. seedings[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[21]帕提古力·麦麦提,巴特尔·巴克,海利力·库尔班.沙尘胁迫对阿月浑子光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(22):6450-6459.Patigul MAMAT, Batur BAKE, Halil KURBAN. Influence of dust stress on the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Pistacia vera L.[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014,34(22):6450-6459.
[22]王振夏,魏虹,吕茜,等.枫杨幼苗对土壤水分“湿-干”交替变化光合及叶绿素荧光的响应[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(3):888-897.WANG Zhen-xia, WEI Hong, LüQian, et al. Response of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Pterocarya stenoptera seedlings to submergence and drought alternation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(3):888-897.
[23]Padmaja K, Parsad D D K, Parsad A R K. Inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings by cadmium acetate[J].Photosynthetica, 1990(24):399-404.
[24]孙新,杨志敏,徐朗莱.镉诱导油菜叶片氧化胁迫及硫化物的络合作用[J].西北植物学报, 2003, 23(9):1506-1511.SUN Xin, YANG Zhi-min, XU Lang-lai. Cadmium-induced peroxidation and production of sulfur-related complex in the leaf of oilseed rape[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003,23(9):1506-1511.
[25]孙新,杨志敏,徐朗莱.缺硫条件下油菜对镉毒害的敏感性[J].南京农业大学学报, 2003, 26(4):56-59.SUN Xin, YANG Zhi-min, XU Lang-lai. Sensitivity of oilseed rape to cadmium under the sulfur deficiency[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2003,26(4):56-59.
[26]徐秋曼,陈宏,程景胜,等.镉对油菜叶细胞膜的损伤及细胞自身保护机制初探[J].农业环境保护, 2001, 20(4):235-237.XU Qiu-man, CHEN Hong, CHENG Jing-sheng, et al. Injure of cadmium on cell membrane of rape leaf and its protection mechanism[J].Agro-environmental Protection, 2001,20(4):235-237.
[27]Baryla A, Carrier P, Franck F, et al. Leaf chlorosis in oilseed rape plants(Brassica napus)grown on cadmium-polluted soil:Causes and consequences for photosynthesis and growth[J]. Planta, 2001(5/6),696-709.
[28]申孝军,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.灌水控制下限对冬小麦产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 26(12):58-65.SHEN Xiao-jun, SUN Jing-sheng, LIU Zu-gui, et al. Effects of low irrigation limits on yield and grain quality of winter wheat[J]. Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011,26(12):58-65.
[29]申孝军,孙景生,张寄阳,等.水分调控对麦茬棉产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业机械学报, 2014, 45(6):150-160.SHEN Xiao-jun, SUN Jing-sheng, ZHANG Ji-yang, et al. Effects of different water treatment on yield and water use of transplanted cotton following wheat harvest[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2014, 45(6):150-160.
[30]鲁先文,丁时和. Cd、Pd污染对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生物量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(6):124-127.LU Xian-wen, DING Shi-he. Effect of cadmium, lead pollution on seed germination and biomass of rape[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011,27(6):124-127.