土壤中水分和镉供应量对油菜器官中镉分布特征的影响
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摘要
为探究油菜作为镉(Cd)污染农田修复植物的可行性,本研究以德油5号为试验材料,采用全生育期土培盆栽试验,设置高、中、低3个水平的土壤水分及4个水平的土壤镉含量,研究不同土壤水分条件下油菜对镉的吸收和富集规律。结果表明,土壤水分与镉浓度对油菜的吸镉能力影响显著,且其吸收量随着土壤水分与镉浓度的增加而增大;油菜不同器官的镉含量差异较大,其地上部分吸镉量为土壤总镉含量的0.41%～1.17%,叶片镉含量为总吸收量的46.4%～72.6%;不同水分条件下,油菜器官的镉富集量差异明显,高水、中水处理下油菜各器官的镉富集表现为叶>茎>根>角果壳>籽粒,低水处理下表现为叶>根>茎>角果壳>籽粒。综上,油菜整体具有较强的吸镉能力,但镉离子不溶于菜籽油,说明油菜可吸收土壤中的镉,又不影响菜籽油食用,是修复镉污染农田土壤的理想植物。本研究为利用油菜进行重金属土壤综合治理提供了理论依据。
To explore the feasibility of oilseed rape as a repair plant of Cd polluted farmland, effects of Cd with different concentrations and water contents were studied through pot test. Three levels of soil moisture and four levels of soil cadmium content experiments were set to find out the law of absorption and accumulation ability of cadmium by oilseed rape. The absorbing capacity improved with the increasing water content and cadmium concentration; cadmium content varied a lot in different parts of the oilseed rape, with the above-ground parts absorbing 0.41%～1.17% of the total cadmium applied in the soil and leaves absorbing 46.4%～72.6% of the total volume. Under different water conditions, the increasing of Cd in different parts of the oilseed rape's amount of enrichment varied a lot. When the soil moisture levels were high and medium, amount of cadmium in enrichment followed the order of leaf>stem>root> shell >seed, while under low soil moisture level, it ranked as leaf> root>stem>shell >seed. In conclusion, oilseed rape had a great ability of Cd absorption, but cadmium ion was insoluble in rapeseed oil, which showed that oilseed rape can not only take up cadmium from soil, but also had no effect on edible quality of the rapeseed oil. Thus, oilseed rape is an ideal plant for Cd-contaminated farmland remediation. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the soil contaminated by heavy metals with oilseed rape.
To explore the feasibility of oilseed rape as a repair plant of Cd polluted farmland, effects of Cd with different concentrations and water contents were studied through pot test. Three levels of soil moisture and four levels of soil cadmium content experiments were set to find out the law of absorption and accumulation ability of cadmium by oilseed rape. The absorbing capacity improved with the increasing water content and cadmium concentration; cadmium content varied a lot in different parts of the oilseed rape, with the above-ground parts absorbing 0.41%～1.17% of the total cadmium applied in the soil and leaves absorbing 46.4%～72.6% of the total volume. Under different water conditions, the increasing of Cd in different parts of the oilseed rape's amount of enrichment varied a lot. When the soil moisture levels were high and medium, amount of cadmium in enrichment followed the order of leaf>stem>root> shell >seed, while under low soil moisture level, it ranked as leaf> root>stem>shell >seed. In conclusion, oilseed rape had a great ability of Cd absorption, but cadmium ion was insoluble in rapeseed oil, which showed that oilseed rape can not only take up cadmium from soil, but also had no effect on edible quality of the rapeseed oil. Thus, oilseed rape is an ideal plant for Cd-contaminated farmland remediation. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the soil contaminated by heavy metals with oilseed rape.
引文
[1] Sundaramoorthy P, Nagarajan M. Organic soil amendments: potential source for heavy metal accumulation[J]. World Scientific News, 2015:28-39
[2] 贾永霞, 张春梅, 方继宇, 李弦, 张世熔, 徐小逊, 蒲玉琳, 李婷, 李云. 细叶百日草对Cd的生长响应及富集特征研究 [J]. 核农学报, 2015, 29(8):1577-1582
[3] 田效琴, 李卓, 刘永红. 成都平原农田Cd污染情况及油菜Cd吸收特征 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(3):496-506
[4] 樊霆, 叶文玲, 陈海燕, 鲁红娟, 张颖慧, 李定心, 唐子阳, 马友华. 农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2013, 22(10):1727-1736
[5] 李良忠, 杨彦, 蔡慧敏, 向明灯, 张艳平, 高丹丹, 李定龙. 太湖流域某农业活动区农田土壤重金属污染的风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(S1):60-65
[6] 韦绪好, 孙庆业, 程建华, 窦智勇, 王琛. 焦岗湖流域农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(12):2304-2311
[7] 董袁媛, 孙竹, 杨洋, 徐小逊, 张世熔, 杨懿德, 张雨豪, 霍庆霖, 邓玉兰. Cd胁迫对黄麻光合作用及Cd积累的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2017, 31(8):1640-1646
[8] Rafiq M T, Aziz R, Yang X E, Xiao W D. Cadmium phytoavailability to rice(Oryza sativa L. ) grown in representative Chinese soils. A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety[J]. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety, 2014, 103(1):101-107
[9] Neilson S, Rajakaruna N. Phytoremediation of agricultural soils: using plants to clean metal-contaminated arable land[J]. Phytoremediation, 2015, 11:159-168
[10] Hart J J, Welch R M, Norvell W A, Clarke J M, Kochian L Ⅴ. Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 172(2):261-271
[11] Yang Y, Li H L, Peng L, Chen Z P, Zeng Q R. Assessment of Pb and Cd in seed oils and meals and methodology of their extration[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 197:482-488
[12] Pineros M A, Shaff J E, Kochian L Ⅴ. Development, characterization and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the measurement of cadmium fluxes in roots of Thlaspi species and wheat [J]. Plant Physiology, 1998, 116(4):1393-1401
[13] Hart J J, Welch R M, Norvell W A, Sullivan L A, Kochian L Ⅴ. Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedling of bread and durum wheat cultivars[J]. Plant Physiology, 1998, 118(1):1413-1420
[14] 中国环境监测总站. GB/T 17141-1997 土壤质量铅、镉的测定 石墨炉院子吸收分光光度法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 1997
[15] 农业部环境保护科研检测所. GB/T 23739-2009 土壤质量有效态铅、镉的测定 原子吸收法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2009
[16] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GB 5009.15-2014 食品安全国家标准 食品中镉的测定[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2014
[17] 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所森林土壤研究室. LY/T 1239-1999 森林土壤pH值的测定[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 1999
[18] Chen H, Zheng C R, Wang S, Cong T U. Combinned pollution index of heavy metals in red soil[J]. Pedosphere an International Journal, 2000, 10(2):117-124
[19] Florijn P J, Van Beusichem M L. Uptake and distribution of cadmium in maize inbred lines[J]. Plant Soil, 1993, 150(1):25-32
[20] Patrick C, Aurore B, Michel H. . Cadmium distribution and microlocalization in oilseed rape(Brassicnapus) after long-term growth on cadmium-contaminated soil[J]. Planta, 2003, 216(6):939-950
[21] 曾成城, 陈锦平, 马文超, 刘媛, 贾中民, 魏虹, 王婷. 水淹生境下秋华柳对Cd污染土壤的修复能力[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(13):3978-3986
[22] 高茜蕾, 郑瑞伦, 李花粉. 蒸腾作用及根系特征对不同品种油菜吸收Cd的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(9):1794-1798
[23] Bolan N S, Adriano D C, Mani P A. Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. Ⅱ. Effect of lime addition [J]. Plant and Soil, 2003, 251(2):187-198
[24] 刘广深, 许中坚, 周根娣, 刘维屏. 模拟酸雨作用下红壤Cd释放的研究 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2004, 24(4):419-423
[25] Lin C, Lin J. Heavy metals in a sulfidic minespoil: fractions and column leaching[J]. Pedospher, 2003, 13(1):75-80
[26] Pezeshki S R, DeLaune R D. Soil oxidation-reduction in wetlands and its impact on plant functioning[J]. Biology, 2012, 1(2):196-221
[27] 郑顺安, 郑向群, 张铁亮, 刘书田. 水分条件紫色土中铅形态分布特征及影响因素[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(12):2080-2085
[28] Mendoza-Cozatl D G, Jobe T O, Hauser F, Schroeder J Ⅰ. Long-distance transport, vacuolar sequestration, tolerance, and transcriptional responses induced by cadmium and arsenic[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2011, 14(5): 554-562
[29] Otte M L. Heavy Metal and Arsenic in Vegetation of Salt Marshes and Flood Plains [D]. Amsterdam: Vrije University, 1991
[30] Deinlein U, Weber M, Schmidt H, Rensch S, Trampczynska A, Hansen T H, Husted S, Schjoerring J K, Talke Ⅰ N, Kramer U. Elevated nicotianamine levels in Arabidopsis halleri roots play a key role in zinc hyperaccumulation[J]. The Plant Cell, 2012, 24(2):708-723
[31] 陈飞.大麦Cd吸收与运转机制的研究[D].杭州: 浙江大学, 2009
[32] Kobayashi N I, Tanoi K, Hirose A, Nakanishi T M. Characterization of rapid intervascular transport of cadmium in rice stem by radioisotope imaging[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013, 64(2):507-517
[33] Jalil A, Selles F, Clarke J M. Effect of cadmium on growth and the uptake of cadmium and zinc in relation to other elements by durum wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1994, 17(11):1839-1858
[34] Leitenmaier B, Küpper H. Cadmium uptake and sequestration kinetics in individual leaf cell protoplasts of the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspicaerulescens[J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2011, 34(2):208-219
[35] Goswami S, Das S. A study on cadmium phytoremediation potential of Indian mustard, Brassica juncea[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2015, 17(6):583-588
[36] Mc G S P, Lombi E, Gray C W, Caille N, Dunham S J, Zhao F J. Field evaluation of Cd and Zn phytoextraction potential by the hyperaccumulators Thlaspicaerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2006, 141(1):115-125
[37] Solís-Domínguez F A, González-Chávez M C, Carrillo-González R, Rodriguez-Vazquez, R. Accumulation and localization of cadmium in Echinochloa polystachya grown within a hydroponic system[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2007, 141(3):630-636
[38] Sun Y, Zhou Q, Wang L, Liu W. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Bidenspilosa L. as a potential Cd hyperaccumulator[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 161(2/3):808-814
[2] 贾永霞, 张春梅, 方继宇, 李弦, 张世熔, 徐小逊, 蒲玉琳, 李婷, 李云. 细叶百日草对Cd的生长响应及富集特征研究 [J]. 核农学报, 2015, 29(8):1577-1582
[3] 田效琴, 李卓, 刘永红. 成都平原农田Cd污染情况及油菜Cd吸收特征 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(3):496-506
[4] 樊霆, 叶文玲, 陈海燕, 鲁红娟, 张颖慧, 李定心, 唐子阳, 马友华. 农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2013, 22(10):1727-1736
[5] 李良忠, 杨彦, 蔡慧敏, 向明灯, 张艳平, 高丹丹, 李定龙. 太湖流域某农业活动区农田土壤重金属污染的风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(S1):60-65
[6] 韦绪好, 孙庆业, 程建华, 窦智勇, 王琛. 焦岗湖流域农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(12):2304-2311
[7] 董袁媛, 孙竹, 杨洋, 徐小逊, 张世熔, 杨懿德, 张雨豪, 霍庆霖, 邓玉兰. Cd胁迫对黄麻光合作用及Cd积累的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2017, 31(8):1640-1646
[8] Rafiq M T, Aziz R, Yang X E, Xiao W D. Cadmium phytoavailability to rice(Oryza sativa L. ) grown in representative Chinese soils. A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety[J]. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety, 2014, 103(1):101-107
[9] Neilson S, Rajakaruna N. Phytoremediation of agricultural soils: using plants to clean metal-contaminated arable land[J]. Phytoremediation, 2015, 11:159-168
[10] Hart J J, Welch R M, Norvell W A, Clarke J M, Kochian L Ⅴ. Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 172(2):261-271
[11] Yang Y, Li H L, Peng L, Chen Z P, Zeng Q R. Assessment of Pb and Cd in seed oils and meals and methodology of their extration[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 197:482-488
[12] Pineros M A, Shaff J E, Kochian L Ⅴ. Development, characterization and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the measurement of cadmium fluxes in roots of Thlaspi species and wheat [J]. Plant Physiology, 1998, 116(4):1393-1401
[13] Hart J J, Welch R M, Norvell W A, Sullivan L A, Kochian L Ⅴ. Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedling of bread and durum wheat cultivars[J]. Plant Physiology, 1998, 118(1):1413-1420
[14] 中国环境监测总站. GB/T 17141-1997 土壤质量铅、镉的测定 石墨炉院子吸收分光光度法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 1997
[15] 农业部环境保护科研检测所. GB/T 23739-2009 土壤质量有效态铅、镉的测定 原子吸收法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2009
[16] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GB 5009.15-2014 食品安全国家标准 食品中镉的测定[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2014
[17] 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所森林土壤研究室. LY/T 1239-1999 森林土壤pH值的测定[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 1999
[18] Chen H, Zheng C R, Wang S, Cong T U. Combinned pollution index of heavy metals in red soil[J]. Pedosphere an International Journal, 2000, 10(2):117-124
[19] Florijn P J, Van Beusichem M L. Uptake and distribution of cadmium in maize inbred lines[J]. Plant Soil, 1993, 150(1):25-32
[20] Patrick C, Aurore B, Michel H. . Cadmium distribution and microlocalization in oilseed rape(Brassicnapus) after long-term growth on cadmium-contaminated soil[J]. Planta, 2003, 216(6):939-950
[21] 曾成城, 陈锦平, 马文超, 刘媛, 贾中民, 魏虹, 王婷. 水淹生境下秋华柳对Cd污染土壤的修复能力[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(13):3978-3986
[22] 高茜蕾, 郑瑞伦, 李花粉. 蒸腾作用及根系特征对不同品种油菜吸收Cd的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(9):1794-1798
[23] Bolan N S, Adriano D C, Mani P A. Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. Ⅱ. Effect of lime addition [J]. Plant and Soil, 2003, 251(2):187-198
[24] 刘广深, 许中坚, 周根娣, 刘维屏. 模拟酸雨作用下红壤Cd释放的研究 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2004, 24(4):419-423
[25] Lin C, Lin J. Heavy metals in a sulfidic minespoil: fractions and column leaching[J]. Pedospher, 2003, 13(1):75-80
[26] Pezeshki S R, DeLaune R D. Soil oxidation-reduction in wetlands and its impact on plant functioning[J]. Biology, 2012, 1(2):196-221
[27] 郑顺安, 郑向群, 张铁亮, 刘书田. 水分条件紫色土中铅形态分布特征及影响因素[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(12):2080-2085
[28] Mendoza-Cozatl D G, Jobe T O, Hauser F, Schroeder J Ⅰ. Long-distance transport, vacuolar sequestration, tolerance, and transcriptional responses induced by cadmium and arsenic[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2011, 14(5): 554-562
[29] Otte M L. Heavy Metal and Arsenic in Vegetation of Salt Marshes and Flood Plains [D]. Amsterdam: Vrije University, 1991
[30] Deinlein U, Weber M, Schmidt H, Rensch S, Trampczynska A, Hansen T H, Husted S, Schjoerring J K, Talke Ⅰ N, Kramer U. Elevated nicotianamine levels in Arabidopsis halleri roots play a key role in zinc hyperaccumulation[J]. The Plant Cell, 2012, 24(2):708-723
[31] 陈飞.大麦Cd吸收与运转机制的研究[D].杭州: 浙江大学, 2009
[32] Kobayashi N I, Tanoi K, Hirose A, Nakanishi T M. Characterization of rapid intervascular transport of cadmium in rice stem by radioisotope imaging[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013, 64(2):507-517
[33] Jalil A, Selles F, Clarke J M. Effect of cadmium on growth and the uptake of cadmium and zinc in relation to other elements by durum wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1994, 17(11):1839-1858
[34] Leitenmaier B, Küpper H. Cadmium uptake and sequestration kinetics in individual leaf cell protoplasts of the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspicaerulescens[J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2011, 34(2):208-219
[35] Goswami S, Das S. A study on cadmium phytoremediation potential of Indian mustard, Brassica juncea[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2015, 17(6):583-588
[36] Mc G S P, Lombi E, Gray C W, Caille N, Dunham S J, Zhao F J. Field evaluation of Cd and Zn phytoextraction potential by the hyperaccumulators Thlaspicaerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2006, 141(1):115-125
[37] Solís-Domínguez F A, González-Chávez M C, Carrillo-González R, Rodriguez-Vazquez, R. Accumulation and localization of cadmium in Echinochloa polystachya grown within a hydroponic system[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2007, 141(3):630-636
[38] Sun Y, Zhou Q, Wang L, Liu W. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Bidenspilosa L. as a potential Cd hyperaccumulator[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 161(2/3):808-814