药品专利权的国际法保护
|
摘要
药品专利权的国际法保护受到了许多发展中国家的挑战。在公民健康权与药品专利权之间,以巴西和印度为代表的发展中国家选择了偏向于公民健康权,而多数发达国家更注重对于药品专利权的保护,两者博弈无休止。世界知识产权保护组织需要在药品的专利保护和公民的健康权之间寻求一种平衡,这不仅仅是政府与医药公司对于药品的利润博弈,根本上说,更是发达国家与发展中国家的经济博弈。我国药品专利保护程度应当与我国经济开放及发展程度相匹配。一味地寻求专利保护而忽略了发展程度,法律保护往往难以落到实处,同时还可能造成公民健康隐患。因此,我国药品专利保护法在与国际法接轨的同时,应当在药品专利和公民健康之间寻求平衡。
It is a great challenge of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights protection for many developing countries. Most of them,such as Brazil and India,vote for the people's health needs instead of the pharmaceutical IP rights,while developed countries prefer the latter. The game is endless. The World IP Protection Organization would like to find a balance in the benefit battle between the governments and the medicine companies. Actually,it is more exact expression that it is an economic game between the developed countries and the developing countries. For China,the intensity of pharmaceutical IP rights protection should be match with the level of economic development. If the balance is broken and goes to the deviation of IP rights,laws will be just words on the paper,let alone the people's health. As a result,Chinese law rules should have been in accordance with the international laws,and at the same time,the balance between the pharmaceutical IP rights protection and people's health needs should be kept.
It is a great challenge of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights protection for many developing countries. Most of them,such as Brazil and India,vote for the people's health needs instead of the pharmaceutical IP rights,while developed countries prefer the latter. The game is endless. The World IP Protection Organization would like to find a balance in the benefit battle between the governments and the medicine companies. Actually,it is more exact expression that it is an economic game between the developed countries and the developing countries. For China,the intensity of pharmaceutical IP rights protection should be match with the level of economic development. If the balance is broken and goes to the deviation of IP rights,laws will be just words on the paper,let alone the people's health. As a result,Chinese law rules should have been in accordance with the international laws,and at the same time,the balance between the pharmaceutical IP rights protection and people's health needs should be kept.
引文
[1]吕苏榆,刘晓焕. TPP成员国药品专利保护对中国医药产品出口的影响[J].中国科技论坛,2017(3):102-108.
[2]吴雪燕. TRIPS-plus条款的扩张及中国的应对策略———以药品的专利保护为视角[J].现代法学,2010,32(5):112-120.
[3]毛昊.中国专利质量提升之路:时代挑战与制度思考[J].知识产权,2018(3):61-71.
[4]蔡晓东.后Trips时代知识产权规则简论[J].西部法学评论,2011(6):13-17.
[5]DONTJE A. Rethinking trips:the future of pharmaceutical patents[J]. Journal of the acoustical society of America,2012,132(3):2010.
[6]Country Comparison:Life Expectancy at Birth,CIA[EB/OL].(2018-06-25). https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/rankorder/2102rank. htm.
[7]SELLERS L J. Success story[EB/OL].(2018-06-25)https://www. highbeam. com.
[8]赵雷.美国法中涉外专利之诉的法律适用与执行———基于管辖与禁令执行的分析[J].知识产权,2018(2):90-96.
[9]ABBOTT F M. The doha declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health:lighting a dark corner at the WTO[J]. Social science electronic publishing,2002,5(2):469-505.
[10]丁锦希,邵美令,孟立立.美国知识产权反垄断诉讼中专利范围测试规则的适用及启示———基于“Schering V. S. Upsher”案实证分析[J].知识产权,2013(6):91-95.
[11]刘婵.仿制药企业应对专利覆盖的专利无效宣告策略———产品特征与生产工艺专利的对比分析[J].财经问题研究,2014(5):37-44.
[12]胡潇潇.我国专利法“药品实验例外”制度研究[J].法商研究,2010,27(1):95-104.
[13]陈永正,黄滢.我国专利药独家药价格谈判机制的战略问题[J].现代经济探讨,2017(6):16-23.
[14]Medecins Sans Frontieres,Treatment Action Committee and Oxfam:Generic AIDS drugs offer new lease of life to South Africans;importation of generics cuts price in half[EB/OL].(2018-06-09). http://www. msf. org/article/generic-aids-drugs-offer-newlease-life-south-africans-importation-generics-cuts-price-half.
[15]郝敏.药品专利强制许可制度在发展中国家的应用———从“抗癌药代购第一人”陆勇事件谈起[J].知识产权,2015(8):95-101.
[16]万怡挺.专利药强制许可中的灵活性[J].环球法律评论,2008(3):106-111.
[17]王玫黎,谭畅.挑战与回应:我国药品专利制度的未来———以药品专利与健康权的关系为视角[J].知识产权,2017(2):41-47.
[2]吴雪燕. TRIPS-plus条款的扩张及中国的应对策略———以药品的专利保护为视角[J].现代法学,2010,32(5):112-120.
[3]毛昊.中国专利质量提升之路:时代挑战与制度思考[J].知识产权,2018(3):61-71.
[4]蔡晓东.后Trips时代知识产权规则简论[J].西部法学评论,2011(6):13-17.
[5]DONTJE A. Rethinking trips:the future of pharmaceutical patents[J]. Journal of the acoustical society of America,2012,132(3):2010.
[6]Country Comparison:Life Expectancy at Birth,CIA[EB/OL].(2018-06-25). https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/rankorder/2102rank. htm.
[7]SELLERS L J. Success story[EB/OL].(2018-06-25)https://www. highbeam. com.
[8]赵雷.美国法中涉外专利之诉的法律适用与执行———基于管辖与禁令执行的分析[J].知识产权,2018(2):90-96.
[9]ABBOTT F M. The doha declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health:lighting a dark corner at the WTO[J]. Social science electronic publishing,2002,5(2):469-505.
[10]丁锦希,邵美令,孟立立.美国知识产权反垄断诉讼中专利范围测试规则的适用及启示———基于“Schering V. S. Upsher”案实证分析[J].知识产权,2013(6):91-95.
[11]刘婵.仿制药企业应对专利覆盖的专利无效宣告策略———产品特征与生产工艺专利的对比分析[J].财经问题研究,2014(5):37-44.
[12]胡潇潇.我国专利法“药品实验例外”制度研究[J].法商研究,2010,27(1):95-104.
[13]陈永正,黄滢.我国专利药独家药价格谈判机制的战略问题[J].现代经济探讨,2017(6):16-23.
[14]Medecins Sans Frontieres,Treatment Action Committee and Oxfam:Generic AIDS drugs offer new lease of life to South Africans;importation of generics cuts price in half[EB/OL].(2018-06-09). http://www. msf. org/article/generic-aids-drugs-offer-newlease-life-south-africans-importation-generics-cuts-price-half.
[15]郝敏.药品专利强制许可制度在发展中国家的应用———从“抗癌药代购第一人”陆勇事件谈起[J].知识产权,2015(8):95-101.
[16]万怡挺.专利药强制许可中的灵活性[J].环球法律评论,2008(3):106-111.
[17]王玫黎,谭畅.挑战与回应:我国药品专利制度的未来———以药品专利与健康权的关系为视角[J].知识产权,2017(2):41-47.