麦积山草地植物群落物种多样性及结构相似性特征
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摘要
采用标准样地调查法对甘肃省麦积山风景区不同海拔和坡向草地植物群落的数量特征、物种多样性、群落结构与种群习性等特征进行了调查研究。结果表明:臭草(Foeda herba)、冰草(Agropyron)、野燕麦(Avena fatua L)和甘肃羊茅(Gansu fescue)分别为不同海拔的优势种群,优势种与次优势种多为多年生草本植物,且以菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、豆科(Leguminosae)为主;不同海拔间植物群落相似性系数均在0.50~0.75之间,属于中等相似水平,海拔梯度间群落结构差异小;植物群落密度随海拔升高下降,但差异不显著,群落丰富度指数、多样性指数随海拔升高呈下降趋势,均匀性指数随海拔升高先升高后下降。
The plant community species diversity,community structure similarity at different altitudes and slopes of Maiji mountain grassland in Gansu Province were studied using standard plot survey method.The results showed: Foeda herba,Agropyron,Avena fatua L and Gansu fescue are the dominant species of grassland community in the different altitude,and most belong to Gramineae,Compositae and Leguminosae of Maiji mountain.Anyhow,perennial grass species are the main dominant and sub dominant species.The grassland plant community density declines from lower to higher altitude but has not significant difference in Maiji mountain.With the increasing of altitude,the proportion of richness index and diversity index decrease,evenness index showed first increase then decrease,The similarities were extremely high among different altitude grassland communities with similarity indices from 0.50 to 0.75,the communities structure had not significant difference in different altitude.Grassland plant community had a higher level in diversity,while the slop and altitude had no influence for plant community similarity.
The plant community species diversity,community structure similarity at different altitudes and slopes of Maiji mountain grassland in Gansu Province were studied using standard plot survey method.The results showed: Foeda herba,Agropyron,Avena fatua L and Gansu fescue are the dominant species of grassland community in the different altitude,and most belong to Gramineae,Compositae and Leguminosae of Maiji mountain.Anyhow,perennial grass species are the main dominant and sub dominant species.The grassland plant community density declines from lower to higher altitude but has not significant difference in Maiji mountain.With the increasing of altitude,the proportion of richness index and diversity index decrease,evenness index showed first increase then decrease,The similarities were extremely high among different altitude grassland communities with similarity indices from 0.50 to 0.75,the communities structure had not significant difference in different altitude.Grassland plant community had a higher level in diversity,while the slop and altitude had no influence for plant community similarity.
引文
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[3]赵前生.天水市国有林区森林资源变化分析[J].甘肃林业科技,2001,26(1):16~21.
[4]傅志军,张行勇,刘顺义,等.秦岭植物区系和植被研究概述[J].西北植物学报,1996,16(5):93~106.
[5]索安宁,巨天珍,张俊华,等.甘肃小陇山锐齿栎群落生物多样性特征分析[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1877~1881.
[6]岳明,张林静,党高弟,等.佛坪自然保护区植物群落物种多样性与海拔梯度的关系[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):349~354.
[7]陈昌笃,王庆田.甘肃省麦积山景区-生态过渡带自然和文化遗产杰出范例[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):1-15.
[8]李博.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[9]孙儒泳,李庆芬,牛翠娟,等.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[10]李俊清.森林生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11]梅象信,徐正会,张继玲,等.昆明西山森林公园东坡蚂蚁物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):170~176.
[12]沈蕊,张建利,何彪,等.元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落结构特征与相似性分析[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(12):2821~2825.
[13]秦大河,陈振林,罗勇,等.气候变化科学的最新认知[J].气候变化研究进展,2007,3(2):63~73.
[14]朴世龙,方精云.1982-1999年我国陆地植被活动对气候变化响应的季节差异[J].地理学报,2003,58(1):119~125.
[15]宋佃星,延军平,马莉.近50年来秦岭南北气候分异研究[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):492~498.
[16]胡利平,姚延锋,裴古娥,等.天水地区近50年气温与降水变化特征[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(4):651~656.
[17]巨天珍,樊振华,杨国科,等.小陇山珍稀濒危植物白皮松群落物种多样性特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(4):117~121.
[18]阎桂琴,赵桂仿,胡正海.秦岭太白红杉群落特征及其物种多样性的研究[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(3):497~506.
[19]Chen C D.Wang Q T.Scenic area of Maijishan,Gansu Province:outstanding example of natural and cultural heritages in ecological transitional zone[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):1~15.
[20]应俊生.秦岭植物区系的性质特点和起源[J].植物分类学报,1994,32(5):389~410.
[21]Itow S.Species turnover and diversity patterns along an elevation broad leaved forest coenocline[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1991(2):477~484.
[22]谢晋阳,陈灵芝.暖温带落叶阔叶林的物种多样性特征[J].生态学报,1994,14(4):337~344.
[23]贺金生,陈伟烈.陆地植物群落物种多样性的梯度变化特征[J].生态学报,1997,17(1):91~99.