新疆巴尔鲁克山维管束植物区系分析
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摘要
通过对巴尔鲁克山植物区系组成成分与地理成分的分析,说明了区系中特有现象与稀有濒危植物。研究表明:巴尔鲁克山植物组成成分中,含有100种以上的科有3个,即菊科、禾本科和豆科,种数达424种,占总种数的32.6%。科的地理成分中,以世界分布科为主,共出现42个世界分布科,占总科数的28.9%;本区属的分布区类型中北温带分布型占绝对优势,共出现178个北温带分布型属,占总属数的38.6%。种的地理成分中,以温带分布为主,其中旧世界温带分布最多,出现297种。本区古地中海成分占第2位,其中中亚(哈萨克斯坦)植物区系与准噶尔植物区系之间的共性最多,表明本区为伊朗—吐兰植物区系与准噶尔植物区系的汇合点。此外,本区东北方向上为西伯利亚(阿尔泰)植物区系与天山植物区系交流的通道,也是这两大植物区系有些种的分布边界。本区有50多种植物列入受保护及稀有濒危植物,巴尔鲁克有6个特有种(3个变种)。
There is rich biodiversity and special geographical position in Baerluke Mountain in Xinjiang. In this paper,we analyzed the flora composition and geographical composition of Baerluke Mountain in detail,and briefly described the endemic and rare and endangered species in this flora. Results indicate: there are three biggest families in Baerluke Mountain,which are Asteraceae,Poaceae and Fabaceae,including 424 species,accounted for percent 32. 6 of the total of the species in the mountain. In the distribution area type of families,the Cosmopolitan distribution area type is the biggest one,including 42 families,accounted for percent 28. 9. In the distribution area type of genera,the North Temperate distribution area type is the dominant one,including 178 genera,accounted for percent 38. 6. In the distribution area type of species,the temperate elements are dominant; among them the Old World Temperate distribution area type is the most widespread one,including 297 species. The second large component of this flora is Tethyan species,most of them are the mutual species for both Kazakhstan flora and Zhungaer flora,and this means study area is the confluence of Iran-Turan flora and Zhungaer flora. In addition,being the bridge between Siberian( Altai) and Tianshan flora from north to south,study area was the border for some species of these two big floras. There are over 50 species listed into the rare and endangered species in study area,and 6 species endemic to Baerluke Mountain. The study could provide basic data for the protection of wildlife in this area,environmental protection and nature reserve,the promotion national protected areas. It is of great practical significance to protect nature reserve,the original ecology,the rare and endangered flora composition in Baerluke Mountain.
There is rich biodiversity and special geographical position in Baerluke Mountain in Xinjiang. In this paper,we analyzed the flora composition and geographical composition of Baerluke Mountain in detail,and briefly described the endemic and rare and endangered species in this flora. Results indicate: there are three biggest families in Baerluke Mountain,which are Asteraceae,Poaceae and Fabaceae,including 424 species,accounted for percent 32. 6 of the total of the species in the mountain. In the distribution area type of families,the Cosmopolitan distribution area type is the biggest one,including 42 families,accounted for percent 28. 9. In the distribution area type of genera,the North Temperate distribution area type is the dominant one,including 178 genera,accounted for percent 38. 6. In the distribution area type of species,the temperate elements are dominant; among them the Old World Temperate distribution area type is the most widespread one,including 297 species. The second large component of this flora is Tethyan species,most of them are the mutual species for both Kazakhstan flora and Zhungaer flora,and this means study area is the confluence of Iran-Turan flora and Zhungaer flora. In addition,being the bridge between Siberian( Altai) and Tianshan flora from north to south,study area was the border for some species of these two big floras. There are over 50 species listed into the rare and endangered species in study area,and 6 species endemic to Baerluke Mountain. The study could provide basic data for the protection of wildlife in this area,environmental protection and nature reserve,the promotion national protected areas. It is of great practical significance to protect nature reserve,the original ecology,the rare and endangered flora composition in Baerluke Mountain.
引文
[1]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第1卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992:1-337.[Commissione Redactorum Florae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.1[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1992:1-337.]
[2]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第2卷(1)[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版设,1994:1-394.[Commissione Redactorum Florae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.2(1)[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1994:1-394.]
[3]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第2卷(2)[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1995:1-424.[Commissione Redactorum Florae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.2(2)[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1995:1-424.]
[4]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第3卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2011:1-710.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.3[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,2011:1-710.]
[5]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第4卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2004:1-573.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.4[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,2004:1-573.]
[6]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第5卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1999:1-534.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.5[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1999:1-534.]
[7]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第6卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1996:1-669.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.6[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1996:1-669.]
[8]吴征镒,周浙昆.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(3):245-257.[Wu Zhengyi,Zhou Zhekun.The Areal-types of World Families of Seed Plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,2003,25(3):245-257.]
[9]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991(增刊IV):1-178.[Wu Zhengyi.The Areal Types of Chinese Genera of Seed Plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,1991(Suppl.IV):1-178.]
[10]王荷生.植物区系地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:3-151.[Wang Hesheng.Floristic Plant Geography[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992:3-151.]
[11]吴征镒,周浙昆.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:146-451.[Wu Zhengyi,Zhou\sZhekun.The Areal-types of Seed Plants and Their Origin and Differentation[M].Kunming:Yunnan Science&Technology Press,2006:146-451.]
[12]潘晓玲.新疆种子植物属的区系地理成分分析[J].植物研究,1999,19(3):250-257.[Pan Xiaoling.Floristic analysis of seed\splant genera in Xinjiang[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,1999,19(3):250-257.]
[13]应俊生.中国种子植物特有属的分布区学研究[J].植物分类学报,1996,34(5):479-485.[Ying Junsheng.Areography of endamic genera of seed plant in China[J].Journal of Systematics and\sEvolution,1996,34(5):479-485.]
[14]李锡文.中国种子植物区系统计分析[J].云南植物研究,1996,18(4):363-384.[Li Xiwen.Floristic statistics and analysis of seed plants from China[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,1996,18(4):363-384.]
[15]潘晓玲,党荣理,伍光和.西北干旱荒漠区植物区系地理与资源利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:28-125.[Pan Xiaoling,Dang Rongli,Wu Guanghe.Geography and Resource Utilization of\sPlant Area in The Northwest Arid Desert Region of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:28-125.]
[16]海鹰,姚建保,兵布加甫,等.新疆夏尔希里自然保护区植物区系研究[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):98-102.[Hai Ying,Yao\sJianbao,Bing bujiafu,et al.Study on flora in Xarxili Nature Reserve\sin Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(1):98-102.]
[17]米吉提·胡达拜尔地,徐建国.新疆高等植物检索表[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学出版社,2000:1-718.[Mjjiti Hudabaierdi,Xu Jianguo.Claves Plantarum Xinjiagensis[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang\sUniversity Press,2000:1-718.]
[18]黄俊华.萨乌尔—塔尔巴哈台山地植物区系研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,1999:7-63.[Huang Junhua.Study on the flora\sof Saur-Tarbagatai mountains[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Foestry University,1999:7-63.]
[19]潘晓玲,张宏达.哈纳斯自然保护区植被特点及植物区系形成的探讨[J].干旱区研究,1994,11(4):2-7.[Pan Xiaoling,Zhang\sHongda.Character of vegetation and research on forming of the flora\sin Kanas[J].Arid Zone Research,1994,11(4):2-7.]
[20]徐远杰,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.中国伊犁河谷种子植物区系分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(3):332-335.[Xu Yuanjie,Chen\sYaning,Li Weihong,et al.Analysis on the spermatophyte floras in\sthe Ili River Valley of China[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(3):332-335.]
[21]冯缨,严成,尹林克.新疆特有种及其分布[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(2):263-273.[Feng Ying,Yan Cheng,Yin Linke.The\sendemic species and their distribution in Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Boreal-Occident Sinica,2003,23(2):263-273.]
[22]冯缨,潘伯荣.新疆特有种植物区系及生态学研究[J].云南植物研究,2004,26(2):183-188.[Feng Ying,Pan Borong.Study\son floristic and ecology species endemic to Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,2004,26(2):183-188.]
[23]赵一之.中国西北荒漠区植物特有属研究[J].植物研究,2003,23(1):14-17.[Zhao Yizhi.Research on the endemic\scenera of plants in west-north desert region of China[J].Bulletin\sof Botanical Research,2003,23(1):14-17.]
[24]黄俊华,杨昌友.中国植物区系新纪录种[J].云南植物研究,1999,21(4):1-3.[Huang Junhua,Yang Changyou.New record\sspecies to the flora of China[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,1999,21(4):1-3.]
[25]中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆植被及其利用[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:35-142.[Xinjiang Expedition Team of CAS.The Vegetation and Its Utilization in Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Science Press,1978:35-142.]
[26]岳秀贤.蒙古高原种子植物区系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011:17-90.[Yue Xiuxian.Study of Seed Plants in\sMongolian Plateau[D].Hohehot:Inner Mongolia Agricultrual University,2011:17-90.]
[2]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第2卷(1)[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版设,1994:1-394.[Commissione Redactorum Florae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.2(1)[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1994:1-394.]
[3]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第2卷(2)[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1995:1-424.[Commissione Redactorum Florae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.2(2)[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1995:1-424.]
[4]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第3卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2011:1-710.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.3[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,2011:1-710.]
[5]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第4卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2004:1-573.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.4[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,2004:1-573.]
[6]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第5卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1999:1-534.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.5[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1999:1-534.]
[7]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志:第6卷[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1996:1-669.[Commissione Redactorum\sFlorae Xinjangensis.Flora Xinjangensis:Vol.6[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology Press,1996:1-669.]
[8]吴征镒,周浙昆.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(3):245-257.[Wu Zhengyi,Zhou Zhekun.The Areal-types of World Families of Seed Plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,2003,25(3):245-257.]
[9]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991(增刊IV):1-178.[Wu Zhengyi.The Areal Types of Chinese Genera of Seed Plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,1991(Suppl.IV):1-178.]
[10]王荷生.植物区系地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:3-151.[Wang Hesheng.Floristic Plant Geography[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992:3-151.]
[11]吴征镒,周浙昆.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:146-451.[Wu Zhengyi,Zhou\sZhekun.The Areal-types of Seed Plants and Their Origin and Differentation[M].Kunming:Yunnan Science&Technology Press,2006:146-451.]
[12]潘晓玲.新疆种子植物属的区系地理成分分析[J].植物研究,1999,19(3):250-257.[Pan Xiaoling.Floristic analysis of seed\splant genera in Xinjiang[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,1999,19(3):250-257.]
[13]应俊生.中国种子植物特有属的分布区学研究[J].植物分类学报,1996,34(5):479-485.[Ying Junsheng.Areography of endamic genera of seed plant in China[J].Journal of Systematics and\sEvolution,1996,34(5):479-485.]
[14]李锡文.中国种子植物区系统计分析[J].云南植物研究,1996,18(4):363-384.[Li Xiwen.Floristic statistics and analysis of seed plants from China[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,1996,18(4):363-384.]
[15]潘晓玲,党荣理,伍光和.西北干旱荒漠区植物区系地理与资源利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:28-125.[Pan Xiaoling,Dang Rongli,Wu Guanghe.Geography and Resource Utilization of\sPlant Area in The Northwest Arid Desert Region of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:28-125.]
[16]海鹰,姚建保,兵布加甫,等.新疆夏尔希里自然保护区植物区系研究[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):98-102.[Hai Ying,Yao\sJianbao,Bing bujiafu,et al.Study on flora in Xarxili Nature Reserve\sin Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(1):98-102.]
[17]米吉提·胡达拜尔地,徐建国.新疆高等植物检索表[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学出版社,2000:1-718.[Mjjiti Hudabaierdi,Xu Jianguo.Claves Plantarum Xinjiagensis[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang\sUniversity Press,2000:1-718.]
[18]黄俊华.萨乌尔—塔尔巴哈台山地植物区系研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,1999:7-63.[Huang Junhua.Study on the flora\sof Saur-Tarbagatai mountains[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Foestry University,1999:7-63.]
[19]潘晓玲,张宏达.哈纳斯自然保护区植被特点及植物区系形成的探讨[J].干旱区研究,1994,11(4):2-7.[Pan Xiaoling,Zhang\sHongda.Character of vegetation and research on forming of the flora\sin Kanas[J].Arid Zone Research,1994,11(4):2-7.]
[20]徐远杰,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.中国伊犁河谷种子植物区系分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(3):332-335.[Xu Yuanjie,Chen\sYaning,Li Weihong,et al.Analysis on the spermatophyte floras in\sthe Ili River Valley of China[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(3):332-335.]
[21]冯缨,严成,尹林克.新疆特有种及其分布[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(2):263-273.[Feng Ying,Yan Cheng,Yin Linke.The\sendemic species and their distribution in Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Boreal-Occident Sinica,2003,23(2):263-273.]
[22]冯缨,潘伯荣.新疆特有种植物区系及生态学研究[J].云南植物研究,2004,26(2):183-188.[Feng Ying,Pan Borong.Study\son floristic and ecology species endemic to Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,2004,26(2):183-188.]
[23]赵一之.中国西北荒漠区植物特有属研究[J].植物研究,2003,23(1):14-17.[Zhao Yizhi.Research on the endemic\scenera of plants in west-north desert region of China[J].Bulletin\sof Botanical Research,2003,23(1):14-17.]
[24]黄俊华,杨昌友.中国植物区系新纪录种[J].云南植物研究,1999,21(4):1-3.[Huang Junhua,Yang Changyou.New record\sspecies to the flora of China[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,1999,21(4):1-3.]
[25]中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆植被及其利用[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:35-142.[Xinjiang Expedition Team of CAS.The Vegetation and Its Utilization in Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Science Press,1978:35-142.]
[26]岳秀贤.蒙古高原种子植物区系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011:17-90.[Yue Xiuxian.Study of Seed Plants in\sMongolian Plateau[D].Hohehot:Inner Mongolia Agricultrual University,2011:17-90.]