致密储集层加压-卸压过程应力敏感性
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摘要
通过开展人造致密岩心应力敏感滞后性室内实验,分析了致密储集层加压-卸压过程应力敏感性。基于实验结果,考虑岩心颗粒不同排列方式和变形方式,以颗粒堆积模型为基础,根据Hertz接触变形原理建立了致密储集层应力敏感滞后性定量表征模型,对致密储集层应力敏感滞后性造成的渗透率损失进行了量化分析,并通过对比模型计算结果与室内实验结果对新建模型进行了验证。研究表明,加压阶段前期,在岩石结构变形和本体变形共同作用下,岩心渗透率随着有效应力的增加快速下降,当有效应力超过一定值后,岩石结构变形趋于稳定,仅发生本体变形,岩心渗透率变化趋于平缓;卸压阶段,岩石本体变形随有效应力的降低得以逐渐复原,而结构变形不能复原,岩心渗透率无法完全恢复,应力敏感滞后现象明显。
Laboratory experiments were conducted on laboratory-made tight cores to investigate the stress-dependent permeability hysteresis of tight reservoirs during pressure loading and unloading process. Based on experiment results, and Hertz contact deformation principle, considering arrangement and deformation of rock particles, a quantitative stress dependent permeability hysteresis theoretical model for tight reservoirs was established to provide quantitative analysis for permeability loss. The model was validated by comparing model calculated results and experimental results. The research results show that during the early pressure-loading period, structural deformation and primary deformation worked together, rock permeability reduced dramatically with increasing effective stress. When the effective stress reached a certain value, the structural deformation became stable while the primary deformation continued; the permeability variation tended to be smooth and steady. In the pressure unloading process, the primary deformation recovered with the decreasing effective stress, while the structural deformation could not. The permeability thus could not fully recover, and the stress-dependent hysteresis was obvious.
Laboratory experiments were conducted on laboratory-made tight cores to investigate the stress-dependent permeability hysteresis of tight reservoirs during pressure loading and unloading process. Based on experiment results, and Hertz contact deformation principle, considering arrangement and deformation of rock particles, a quantitative stress dependent permeability hysteresis theoretical model for tight reservoirs was established to provide quantitative analysis for permeability loss. The model was validated by comparing model calculated results and experimental results. The research results show that during the early pressure-loading period, structural deformation and primary deformation worked together, rock permeability reduced dramatically with increasing effective stress. When the effective stress reached a certain value, the structural deformation became stable while the primary deformation continued; the permeability variation tended to be smooth and steady. In the pressure unloading process, the primary deformation recovered with the decreasing effective stress, while the structural deformation could not. The permeability thus could not fully recover, and the stress-dependent hysteresis was obvious.
引文
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[17]周春玲,朱趁安,王妍琼,等.人造岩心的研制及渗透率影响因素研究[J].石油化工应用,2017,36(9):84-89.ZHOU Chunling,ZHU Chen’an,WANG Yanqiong,et al.Study on the development of man-made core and the influencing factors of permeability[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2017,36(9):84-89.
[18]GANGI A F.Variation of whole and fractured porous rock permeability with confining pressure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(5):249-257.
[19]MCKEE C R,BUMB A C,KOENIG R A.Stress-dependent permeability and porosity of coal and other geologic formations[R].SPE Formation Evaluation,1988,3:81-91.
[20]乔丽苹,王者超,李术才.基于致密砂岩储层渗透率的有效应力特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1422-1427.QIAO Liping,WANG Zhechao,LI Shucai.Effective stress law for permeability of tight gas reservoir sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1422-1427.
[21]李传亮,孔祥言,徐献芝,等.多孔介质的双重有效应力[J].自然杂志,1999,21(5):288-292.LI Chuanliang,KONG Xiangyan,XU Xianzhi,et al.Double effective stress of porous media[J].Nature Magazine,1999,21(5):288-292.
[22]杨咸启,钱胜,褚园,等.HERTZ型与非HERTZ型接触理论计算方法[J].黄山学院学报,2017,19(5):13-18.YANG Xianqi,QIAN Sheng,CHU Yuan,et al.The calculation method of Hertzian and non-Hertzian contact theory[J].Journal of Huangshan University,2017,19(5):13-18.
[23]董平川,雷刚,计秉玉,等.考虑变形影响的致密砂岩油藏非线性渗流特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(S2):3187-3196.DONG Pingchuan,LEI Gang,JI Bingyu,et al.Nonlinear seepage regularity of tight sandstone reservoirs with consideration of medium deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(S2):3187-3196.
[24]雷刚,董平川,杨书,等.基于岩石颗粒排列方式的低渗透储层应力敏感性分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):209-214.LEI Gang,DONG Pingchuan,YANG Shu,et al.Study of stresssensitivity of low-permeability reservoir based on arrangement of particles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Supp.1):209-214.
[25]曹耐,董平川,雷刚,等.不同填充模式裂缝型致密储层应力敏感性定量研究[J].断块油气田,2018,25(6):747-751.CAO Nai,DONG Pingchuan,LEI Gang,et al.Quantitative study of stress sensitivity for fractured tight reservoir with different filled patterns[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2018,25(6):747-751.
[2]邱中建,赵文智,邓松涛.我国致密砂岩气和页岩气的发展前景和战略意义[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):4-8.QIU Zhongjian,ZHAO Wenzhi,DENG Songtao.Development prospect and strategic significance of tight gas and shale gas in China[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):4-8.
[3]胡素云,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.中国陆相致密油效益勘探开发[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):737-748.HU Suyun,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Profitable exploration and development of continental tight oil in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):737-748.
[4]HUGHES D J.Drilling deeper:A reality check on US government forecasts for a lasting tight oil and shale gas boom[R].Corvallis,Oregon,United States:Post Carbon Institute,2014.
[5]李传亮.储层岩石应力敏感性认识上的误区:回应刘晓旭博士[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(3):26-28.LI Chuanliang.A misunderstanding in reservoir rock stress sensitivity:In reply to Dr Liu Xiaoxu[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2008,15(3):26-28.
[6]刘仁静,刘慧卿,张红玲,等.低渗透储层应力敏感性及其对石油开发的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增刊1):2697-2702.LIU Renjing,LIU Huiqing,ZHANG Hongling,et al.Study of stress sensitivity and its influence on oil development in low permeability reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Supp.1):2697-2702.
[7]陈金辉,康毅力,游利军,等.低渗透储层应力敏感性研究进展及展望[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(1):182-189.CHEN Jinhui,KANG Yili,YOU Lijun,et al.Review and prospect about study on stress-sensitivity of low-permeability reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(1):182-189.
[8]陈祖安,伍向阳,方华,等.岩石气体介质渗透率的瞬态测量方法[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(增刊1):167-171.CHEN Zu’an,WU Xiangyang,FANG Hua,et al.Gas transit measurement method of permeability on rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(Supp.1):167-171.
[9]WISSLER T M,SIMMONS G.The physical properties of a set of sandstones:Part II.Permanent and elastic strains during hydrostatic compression to 200 MPa[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1985,22(6):393-406.
[10]BERNABE Y.The effective pressure law for permeability during pore pressure and confining pressure cycling of several crystalline rocks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1987,92(B1):649-657.
[11]WARPINSKI N R,TEUFEL L W.Determination of the effective stress law for permeability and deformation in low-permeability rocks[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1992,7(2):123-131.
[12]TEUFEL L W,RHETT D W,FARRELL H E.Effect of reservoir depletion and pore pressure drawdown on in situ stress and deformation in the Ekofisk field,North Sea[R].Norman,OK,USA:32.US Symposium on Rock Mechanics,1991.
[13]TADESSE W T,LI X P.Experimental Investigation on permeability and porosity hysteresis of tight formations[R].SPE 1820226,2017.
[14]石玉江,孙小平.长庆致密碎屑岩储集层应力敏感性分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(5):85-87.SHI Yujiang,SUN Xiaoping.Stress sensitivity analysis of Changqing tight clastic reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(5):85-87.
[15]阮敏,王连刚.低透油田开发与压敏效应[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):73-76.RUAN Min,WANG Liangang.Low-permeability of oilfield development and pressure-sensitive effect[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(3):73-76.
[16]王秀娟,赵永胜,文武,等.低渗透储层应力敏感性与产能物性下限[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(2):162-166.WANG Xiujuan,ZHAO Yongsheng,WEN Wu,et al.Stress sensitivity and poroperm lower limit of deliverability in the low-permeability reservoir[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(2):162-166.
[17]周春玲,朱趁安,王妍琼,等.人造岩心的研制及渗透率影响因素研究[J].石油化工应用,2017,36(9):84-89.ZHOU Chunling,ZHU Chen’an,WANG Yanqiong,et al.Study on the development of man-made core and the influencing factors of permeability[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2017,36(9):84-89.
[18]GANGI A F.Variation of whole and fractured porous rock permeability with confining pressure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(5):249-257.
[19]MCKEE C R,BUMB A C,KOENIG R A.Stress-dependent permeability and porosity of coal and other geologic formations[R].SPE Formation Evaluation,1988,3:81-91.
[20]乔丽苹,王者超,李术才.基于致密砂岩储层渗透率的有效应力特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1422-1427.QIAO Liping,WANG Zhechao,LI Shucai.Effective stress law for permeability of tight gas reservoir sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1422-1427.
[21]李传亮,孔祥言,徐献芝,等.多孔介质的双重有效应力[J].自然杂志,1999,21(5):288-292.LI Chuanliang,KONG Xiangyan,XU Xianzhi,et al.Double effective stress of porous media[J].Nature Magazine,1999,21(5):288-292.
[22]杨咸启,钱胜,褚园,等.HERTZ型与非HERTZ型接触理论计算方法[J].黄山学院学报,2017,19(5):13-18.YANG Xianqi,QIAN Sheng,CHU Yuan,et al.The calculation method of Hertzian and non-Hertzian contact theory[J].Journal of Huangshan University,2017,19(5):13-18.
[23]董平川,雷刚,计秉玉,等.考虑变形影响的致密砂岩油藏非线性渗流特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(S2):3187-3196.DONG Pingchuan,LEI Gang,JI Bingyu,et al.Nonlinear seepage regularity of tight sandstone reservoirs with consideration of medium deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(S2):3187-3196.
[24]雷刚,董平川,杨书,等.基于岩石颗粒排列方式的低渗透储层应力敏感性分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):209-214.LEI Gang,DONG Pingchuan,YANG Shu,et al.Study of stresssensitivity of low-permeability reservoir based on arrangement of particles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Supp.1):209-214.
[25]曹耐,董平川,雷刚,等.不同填充模式裂缝型致密储层应力敏感性定量研究[J].断块油气田,2018,25(6):747-751.CAO Nai,DONG Pingchuan,LEI Gang,et al.Quantitative study of stress sensitivity for fractured tight reservoir with different filled patterns[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2018,25(6):747-751.