信号灯作用下的城市隧道路段交通流模型研究
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摘要
分析了城市隧道路段的交通流特征,建立了城市隧道路段的元胞自动机模型,并针对隧道与上下游交叉口不同相对位置、不同相位差的情况,进行了数值模拟。仿真结果表明,城市隧道路段的通行能力受到隧道与信号灯的相对位置以及上下游信号灯的相位差等共同影响。合理的信号配时控制可以提升路段和交叉口通行能力,减轻拥堵;但是当隧道离下游交叉口较近时,路段通行能力明显降低,隧道内拥堵严重,信号控制手段收效甚微。
In this paper, the characteristics of traffic flow in the urban tunnel section were analyzed, and the cellular automata model of the section was established. At the same time, the numerical simulation was carried out on the condition that the tunnel and the upstream and downstream intersections were in different relative positions and different phase differences. The result shows that the capacity of the urban tunnel section can be influenced by the relative position of the tunnel and signal lights as well as the phase difference between the upstream and downstream traffic lights. Reasonable signal timing control can enhance the capacity of the road section and intersections, and relieve the congestion. However, when the tunnel is close to the downstream intersection, the capacity of road section is obviously reduced, the congestion in the tunnel is serious, and signal control doesn′t work on the traffic congestion.
In this paper, the characteristics of traffic flow in the urban tunnel section were analyzed, and the cellular automata model of the section was established. At the same time, the numerical simulation was carried out on the condition that the tunnel and the upstream and downstream intersections were in different relative positions and different phase differences. The result shows that the capacity of the urban tunnel section can be influenced by the relative position of the tunnel and signal lights as well as the phase difference between the upstream and downstream traffic lights. Reasonable signal timing control can enhance the capacity of the road section and intersections, and relieve the congestion. However, when the tunnel is close to the downstream intersection, the capacity of road section is obviously reduced, the congestion in the tunnel is serious, and signal control doesn′t work on the traffic congestion.
引文
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[21]花伟,林柏梁.一种新的混合车流下的元胞自动机交通流模型[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(6):1431-1433.DOI:10.16182/j.cnki.joss.2006.06.005.
[2]张蕾,王啸啸,李荣荣.高速公路隧道路段交通延迟特性分析[J].公路与汽运,2013(3):75-76.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2668.2013.03.021.
[3]KIRYTOPOULOS K,KAZARAS K,PAPAPAVLOU P,et al.Exploring driving habits and safety critical behavioural intentions among road tunnel users:A questionnaire survey in Greece[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2017,63:244-251.DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2016.12.002.
[4]林丽,蒋聪,徐晓丹,等.基于加速度干扰的城市隧道出入口交通流拥挤评价研究[J].Journal of Highway and transportation Research and development,2017,11(1):70-76.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2016.06.018.
[5]龙小强,晏启鹏.信号灯控制下的交通流模型[J].西南交通大学学报,2000,35(3):301-305.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2000.03.019.
[6]王殿海,景春光,曲昭伟.交通波理论在交叉口交通流分析中的应用[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(1):93-96.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7372.2002.01.023.
[7]唐铁桥,黄海军,徐刚,等.考虑信号灯影响的交通流模型与数值模拟[J].物理学报,2008,57(1):56-60.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-3290.2008.01.011.
[8]吴中,马乐,徐琴,等.信号交叉口交通流的数值仿真[J].大连交通大学学报,2015,36(4):5-9.
[9]谭惠丽,黄乒花,李华兵,等.交通灯控制下主干道的交通流研究[J].物理学报,2003,52(5):1127-1131.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-3290.2003.05.018.
[10]傅白白,仇锦.基于VISSIM仿真的信号交叉口优化研究[J].山东科学,2013,26(3):70-74.DOI:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2013.03.014.
[11]王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.
[12]马跃.高速公路隧道交通流实时行车风险模型研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.
[13]林杉,许宏科,刘占文.一种高速公路隧道交通流元胞自动机模型[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2012,32(6):73-77.
[14]NAGEL K,SCHRECKENBERG M.A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic[J].Journal of Physics I France,1992,2(12):2221-2229.DOI:10.1051/jp1:1992277.
[15]WAHLE J,NEUBERT L,ESSER J,et al.A cellular automaton traffic flow model for online simulation of traffic[J].Parallel Computing,2001,27(5):719-735.DOI:10.1016/S0167-8191(00)00085-5
[16]CHOWDHURY D,WOLF D E,SCHRECKENBERG M.Particle hopping models for two-lane traffic with two kinds of vehicles:Effects of lane-changing rules[J].Physica A Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications,1997,235(3/4):417-439.DOI:10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00314-7.
[17]王永明,周磊山,吕永波.基于元胞自动机交通流模型的车辆换道规则[J].中国公路学报,2008,21(1):89-93.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7372.2008.01.016
[18]JIN C J,WANG W,JIANG R,et al.On the first-order phase transition in a cellular automaton traffic flow model without a slow-to-start effect[J].Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment,2010,2010(3):P03018.DOI:10.1088/1742-5468/2010/03/P03018.
[19]CHOWDHURY D,SCHADSCHNEIDER A.Self-organization of traffic jams in cities:effects of stochastic dynamics and signal periods[J].Physical Review E,1999,59(2):R1311.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.59.R1311.
[20]BROCKFELD E,BARLOVIC R,SCHADSCHNEIDER A,et al.Optimizing traffic lights in a cellular automaton model for city traffic[J].Physical Review E,2001,64:056132.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.64.056132.
[21]花伟,林柏梁.一种新的混合车流下的元胞自动机交通流模型[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(6):1431-1433.DOI:10.16182/j.cnki.joss.2006.06.005.