三向应力作用下节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性
|
摘要
节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性研究是岩石力学领域的重点和难点。水利水电工程与地下工程中天然节理岩体往往处于三向不等压应力状态,针对三向应力状态下节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性研究较少。其中,单节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性研究是基础。首先分析与探究了单节理岩体侧向应力作用效果及渗流作用机制,在单节理岩体渗透性-应力耦合分析模型基础上推导了单节理岩体渗流-应力耦合的理论公式。通过室内真三轴渗流-应力耦合试验,基于全局优化算法的非线性拟合及块体离散元数值仿真,验证了所提出理论公式的合理性。基于电路原理,给出了模拟电路与渗流问题的相似物理量,通过引入等效渗流阻方法,探究了典型的含正六边形主干节理网络的渗流-应力耦合特性。该研究结果对实际工程岩体的渗流分析有一定的参考价值。
The topic on the seepage-stress coupling characteristics of jointed rock mass is generally considered as an important and difficult research direction in the field of rock mechanics. The natural jointed rock mass commonly exists in the three unequal compressive stress states in water conservancy and hydropower engineering and underground engineering. There are limited studies on the seepage-stress coupling characteristics of jointed rock mass under the states of three principal stresses. The fundamental study should focus on the seepage-stress coupling characteristics of the monolithic rock mass. In this study, the effect of lateral stress and the seepage mechanism of monolithic rock mass were analysed and explored. Then the theoretical formula of its seepage-stress coupling characteristics was deduced on the basis of the existing permeability-stress analytical model. Theoretical results were also compared with experimental results from true triaxial seepage-stress coupling tests in the laboratory. The rationality of the derived formula was verified by the global optimisation nonlinear fitting method and the block discrete element method(DEM). The similar physical quantities of analog circuits and seepage problems were obtained by using the circuit principle. The seepage-stress coupling characteristics of jointed rock mass with a regular hexagonal joint network were preliminarily investigated by introducing the equivalent seepage resistance method. The obtained results provide useful references for seepage analysis of rock mass in practical engineering.
The topic on the seepage-stress coupling characteristics of jointed rock mass is generally considered as an important and difficult research direction in the field of rock mechanics. The natural jointed rock mass commonly exists in the three unequal compressive stress states in water conservancy and hydropower engineering and underground engineering. There are limited studies on the seepage-stress coupling characteristics of jointed rock mass under the states of three principal stresses. The fundamental study should focus on the seepage-stress coupling characteristics of the monolithic rock mass. In this study, the effect of lateral stress and the seepage mechanism of monolithic rock mass were analysed and explored. Then the theoretical formula of its seepage-stress coupling characteristics was deduced on the basis of the existing permeability-stress analytical model. Theoretical results were also compared with experimental results from true triaxial seepage-stress coupling tests in the laboratory. The rationality of the derived formula was verified by the global optimisation nonlinear fitting method and the block discrete element method(DEM). The similar physical quantities of analog circuits and seepage problems were obtained by using the circuit principle. The seepage-stress coupling characteristics of jointed rock mass with a regular hexagonal joint network were preliminarily investigated by introducing the equivalent seepage resistance method. The obtained results provide useful references for seepage analysis of rock mass in practical engineering.
引文
[1]崔臻,魏倩,侯靖,等.基于节理网络有限元的柱状节理岩体等效变形模量结构效应研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2921-2928,2936.CUI Zhen,WEI Qian,HOU Jing,et al.Structural effect on equivalent modulus of deformation of columnar jointed rock mass with jointed finite element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2921-2928,2936.
[2]郝宪杰,冯夏庭,李邵军,等.柱状节理玄武岩隧洞破坏模式及其力学机制模拟[J].岩土力学,2015,36(3):837-846.HAO Xian-jie,FENG Xia-ting,LI Shao-jun,et al.Failure mode of columnar jointed basalt tunnel and its mechanism simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(3):837-846.
[3]尹光志,李铭辉,许江,等.多功能真三轴流-固耦合试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2436-2445.YIN Guang-zhi,LI Ming-hui,XU Jiang,et al.A new multi-functional true triaxial fluid-solid coupling experiments system and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2436-2445.
[4]尹立明,郭惟嘉,陈军涛.岩石应力–渗流耦合真三轴试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):2820-2826.YIN Li-ming,GUO Wei-jia,CHEN Jun-tao.Development of ture triaxial rock test system of coupled stress-seepage and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):2820-2826.
[5]赵阳升,杨栋,郑少河,等.三维应力作用下岩石裂缝水渗流物性规律的试验研究[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,1999,29(1):82-86.ZHAO Yang-sheng,YANG Dong,ZHENG Shao-he,et al.Experimental study on water seepage constitutive law of fracture in rock under 3D stress[J].Science in China(Series E:Technological Sciences),1999,29(1):108-112.
[6]郑少河,赵阳升,段康廉.三维应力作用下天然裂隙渗流规律的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):15-18.ZHENG Shao-he,ZHAO Yang-sheng,DUAN Kang-lian.An experimental study on the permeability law of natural fracture under 3-D stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):15-18.
[7]常宗旭,赵阳升,胡耀青,等.三维应力作用下单一裂缝渗流规律的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):620-624.CHANG Zong-xu,ZHAO Yang-sheng,HU Yao-qing,et al.Theoretic and experimental studies on seepage law of single fracture under 3D stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):620-624.
[8]常宗旭,赵阳升,胡耀青,等.裂隙岩体渗流与三维应力耦合的理论与实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增刊2):4907-4911.CHANG Zong-xu,ZHAO Yang-sheng,HU Yao-qing,et al.Theoretic and experimental studies of the coupling of seepage flow and 3D stresses in fractured jointed rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4907-4911.
[9]刘才华,陈从新.三轴应力作用下岩石单裂隙的渗流特性[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(7):989-994.LIU Cai-hua,CHEN Cong-xin.Seepage characteristics of rock single fracture under three-dimensional stress[J].Natural Science Development,2007,17(7):989-994.
[10]金爱兵,王贺,高永涛,等.三维应力下岩石节理面的渗流特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(1):267-273.JIN Ai-bing,WANG He,GAO Yong-tao,et al.Seepage characteristics of rock joint under three-dimensional stresses[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(1):267-273.
[11]张金才,王建学.岩体应力与渗流的耦合及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1981-1989.ZHANG Jin-cai,WANG Jian-xue.Coupled behavior of stress and permeability and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):1981-1989.
[12]ZHANG J,STANDIFIRD W B,ROEGIERS J C,et al.Stress-dependent fluid flow and permeability in fractured media:From lab experiments to engineering applications[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(1):3-21.
[13]徐礼华,谢妮.岩石剪切裂隙渗流特性试验与理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2249-2257.XU Li-hua,XIE Ni.Test and theoretical research on permeability characteristics of shear fracture in rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2249-2257.
[14]陶煜,刘卫群.裂隙岩体渗流-应力耦合等效渗流阻模型[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2041-2047.TAO Yu,LIU Wei-qun.An equivalent seepage resistance model with seepage-stress coupling for fractured rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(7):2041-2047.
[15]BROWN G O.Henry Darcy and the making of a law[J].Water Resources Research,2002,38(7):1106.
[16]LOMIZE G M.Flow in fractured rocks[M].Moscow:Gosemergoizdat,1951.
[17]WITHERSPOON P A,WANG J SY,IWAI K,et al.Validity of cubic law flow fluid flow in a deformable rock fracture[J].Water Resources Research,1980,16(6):1016-1024.
[18]TSANG Y W.The effect of tortuosity on fluid flow through a single fracture[J].Water Resources Research,1984,20(9):1209-1215.
[19]COOK A M,MYER L R,COOK N G,et al.The effect of tortuosity on flow through a natural fracture[C]//Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenges:Proceedings of the 31st US Symposium.Amsterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990:371-378.
[20]ZHANG Z Y,JAN N,QIAO Q Q,et al.A model for water flow through rock fractures based on friction factor[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(2):559-571.
[21]蒋宇静,李博,王刚,等.岩石裂隙渗流特性试验研究的新进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2377-2386.JIANG Yu-jing,LI Bo,WANG Gang,et al.New advances in experimental study on seepage characteristics of rock fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2377-2386.
[22]BARTON N R.Strength,deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1985,22(3):121-140.
[23]孙广忠,林文祝.结构面闭合变形法则及岩体弹性变形本构方程[J].地质科学,1983,(2):177-180.SUN Guang-zhong,LIN Wen-zhu.The compresstional deformation law of rock mass structure surface and a constitutive equation of rock mass elastic deformation[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1983,(2):177-180.
[24]吴顺川,高艳华,李永兵,等.法向循环加卸载条件下节理力学特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):3683-3693.WU Shun-chuan,GAO Yan-hua,LI Yong-bing,et al.A study of mechanical process of joint under normal cyclic loading/unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.2):3683-3693.
[25]高艳华,吴顺川,王贺,等.基于持续屈服节理模型的节理直剪数值试验[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(4):1253-1261.GAO Yan-hua,WU Shun-chuan,WANG He,et al.Numerical simulation of joint direct shear test based on continuously yielding joint model[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(4):1253-1261.
[26]王洪涛,王恩志.岩体主干裂隙系统三维非稳定渗流分析模型[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),1998,13(2):206-213.WANG Hong-tao,WANG En-zhi.A three dimensional model for the analysis of transient ground water flow in principal fracture system of rock mass[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,1998,13(2):206-213.
[27]柴军瑞,仵彦卿.岩体三维主干裂隙网络渗流模型[J].西安理工大学学报,2000,16(4):344-347.CHAI Jun-rui,WU Yan-qing.Three-Dimensional seepage model in main fracture network of rock mass[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2000,16(4):344-347.
[28]柴军瑞,仵彦卿.岩体三维主干裂隙网络渗流分析[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003,18(4):459-462.CHAI Jun-rui,WU Yan-qing.Analysis of 3-D seepage field through main fracture network in dam foundation[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.A,2003,18(4):459-462.
[29]JIN C Y,YANG C X,FANG D,et al.Study on the failure mechanism of basalts with columnar joints in the unloading process on the basis of an experimental cavity[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(3):1275-1288.
[30]梁浩楠,刘卫群,宋良.岩体裂隙网络串并组合渗透率预测模型[J].金属矿山,2012,(10):19-24.LIANG Hao-nan,LIU Wei-qun,SONG Liang.Series-parallel model for forecasting permeability of fractured rock mass[J].Metal Mine,2012,(10):19-24.
[2]郝宪杰,冯夏庭,李邵军,等.柱状节理玄武岩隧洞破坏模式及其力学机制模拟[J].岩土力学,2015,36(3):837-846.HAO Xian-jie,FENG Xia-ting,LI Shao-jun,et al.Failure mode of columnar jointed basalt tunnel and its mechanism simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(3):837-846.
[3]尹光志,李铭辉,许江,等.多功能真三轴流-固耦合试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2436-2445.YIN Guang-zhi,LI Ming-hui,XU Jiang,et al.A new multi-functional true triaxial fluid-solid coupling experiments system and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2436-2445.
[4]尹立明,郭惟嘉,陈军涛.岩石应力–渗流耦合真三轴试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):2820-2826.YIN Li-ming,GUO Wei-jia,CHEN Jun-tao.Development of ture triaxial rock test system of coupled stress-seepage and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):2820-2826.
[5]赵阳升,杨栋,郑少河,等.三维应力作用下岩石裂缝水渗流物性规律的试验研究[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,1999,29(1):82-86.ZHAO Yang-sheng,YANG Dong,ZHENG Shao-he,et al.Experimental study on water seepage constitutive law of fracture in rock under 3D stress[J].Science in China(Series E:Technological Sciences),1999,29(1):108-112.
[6]郑少河,赵阳升,段康廉.三维应力作用下天然裂隙渗流规律的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):15-18.ZHENG Shao-he,ZHAO Yang-sheng,DUAN Kang-lian.An experimental study on the permeability law of natural fracture under 3-D stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):15-18.
[7]常宗旭,赵阳升,胡耀青,等.三维应力作用下单一裂缝渗流规律的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):620-624.CHANG Zong-xu,ZHAO Yang-sheng,HU Yao-qing,et al.Theoretic and experimental studies on seepage law of single fracture under 3D stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):620-624.
[8]常宗旭,赵阳升,胡耀青,等.裂隙岩体渗流与三维应力耦合的理论与实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增刊2):4907-4911.CHANG Zong-xu,ZHAO Yang-sheng,HU Yao-qing,et al.Theoretic and experimental studies of the coupling of seepage flow and 3D stresses in fractured jointed rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4907-4911.
[9]刘才华,陈从新.三轴应力作用下岩石单裂隙的渗流特性[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(7):989-994.LIU Cai-hua,CHEN Cong-xin.Seepage characteristics of rock single fracture under three-dimensional stress[J].Natural Science Development,2007,17(7):989-994.
[10]金爱兵,王贺,高永涛,等.三维应力下岩石节理面的渗流特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(1):267-273.JIN Ai-bing,WANG He,GAO Yong-tao,et al.Seepage characteristics of rock joint under three-dimensional stresses[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(1):267-273.
[11]张金才,王建学.岩体应力与渗流的耦合及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1981-1989.ZHANG Jin-cai,WANG Jian-xue.Coupled behavior of stress and permeability and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):1981-1989.
[12]ZHANG J,STANDIFIRD W B,ROEGIERS J C,et al.Stress-dependent fluid flow and permeability in fractured media:From lab experiments to engineering applications[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(1):3-21.
[13]徐礼华,谢妮.岩石剪切裂隙渗流特性试验与理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2249-2257.XU Li-hua,XIE Ni.Test and theoretical research on permeability characteristics of shear fracture in rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2249-2257.
[14]陶煜,刘卫群.裂隙岩体渗流-应力耦合等效渗流阻模型[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2041-2047.TAO Yu,LIU Wei-qun.An equivalent seepage resistance model with seepage-stress coupling for fractured rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(7):2041-2047.
[15]BROWN G O.Henry Darcy and the making of a law[J].Water Resources Research,2002,38(7):1106.
[16]LOMIZE G M.Flow in fractured rocks[M].Moscow:Gosemergoizdat,1951.
[17]WITHERSPOON P A,WANG J SY,IWAI K,et al.Validity of cubic law flow fluid flow in a deformable rock fracture[J].Water Resources Research,1980,16(6):1016-1024.
[18]TSANG Y W.The effect of tortuosity on fluid flow through a single fracture[J].Water Resources Research,1984,20(9):1209-1215.
[19]COOK A M,MYER L R,COOK N G,et al.The effect of tortuosity on flow through a natural fracture[C]//Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenges:Proceedings of the 31st US Symposium.Amsterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990:371-378.
[20]ZHANG Z Y,JAN N,QIAO Q Q,et al.A model for water flow through rock fractures based on friction factor[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(2):559-571.
[21]蒋宇静,李博,王刚,等.岩石裂隙渗流特性试验研究的新进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2377-2386.JIANG Yu-jing,LI Bo,WANG Gang,et al.New advances in experimental study on seepage characteristics of rock fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2377-2386.
[22]BARTON N R.Strength,deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1985,22(3):121-140.
[23]孙广忠,林文祝.结构面闭合变形法则及岩体弹性变形本构方程[J].地质科学,1983,(2):177-180.SUN Guang-zhong,LIN Wen-zhu.The compresstional deformation law of rock mass structure surface and a constitutive equation of rock mass elastic deformation[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1983,(2):177-180.
[24]吴顺川,高艳华,李永兵,等.法向循环加卸载条件下节理力学特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):3683-3693.WU Shun-chuan,GAO Yan-hua,LI Yong-bing,et al.A study of mechanical process of joint under normal cyclic loading/unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.2):3683-3693.
[25]高艳华,吴顺川,王贺,等.基于持续屈服节理模型的节理直剪数值试验[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(4):1253-1261.GAO Yan-hua,WU Shun-chuan,WANG He,et al.Numerical simulation of joint direct shear test based on continuously yielding joint model[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(4):1253-1261.
[26]王洪涛,王恩志.岩体主干裂隙系统三维非稳定渗流分析模型[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),1998,13(2):206-213.WANG Hong-tao,WANG En-zhi.A three dimensional model for the analysis of transient ground water flow in principal fracture system of rock mass[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,1998,13(2):206-213.
[27]柴军瑞,仵彦卿.岩体三维主干裂隙网络渗流模型[J].西安理工大学学报,2000,16(4):344-347.CHAI Jun-rui,WU Yan-qing.Three-Dimensional seepage model in main fracture network of rock mass[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2000,16(4):344-347.
[28]柴军瑞,仵彦卿.岩体三维主干裂隙网络渗流分析[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003,18(4):459-462.CHAI Jun-rui,WU Yan-qing.Analysis of 3-D seepage field through main fracture network in dam foundation[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.A,2003,18(4):459-462.
[29]JIN C Y,YANG C X,FANG D,et al.Study on the failure mechanism of basalts with columnar joints in the unloading process on the basis of an experimental cavity[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(3):1275-1288.
[30]梁浩楠,刘卫群,宋良.岩体裂隙网络串并组合渗透率预测模型[J].金属矿山,2012,(10):19-24.LIANG Hao-nan,LIU Wei-qun,SONG Liang.Series-parallel model for forecasting permeability of fractured rock mass[J].Metal Mine,2012,(10):19-24.