应变型岩爆模型试验及其力学机制研究
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摘要
为探讨应变型岩爆孕育机制,采用相似模型试验方法,基于弹性加载边界,开展深地下开挖卸荷诱发应变型岩爆试验研究。试验成功再现应变型岩爆灾害发生过程,开挖过程中测得距洞壁2,8cm测点处环向压力增幅分别为63.3%和42.9%,径向压力降幅分别为79.2%和29.3%,距洞壁2 cm处径向及环向应变最大分别达到-2 443,1 268με,硐室拱顶、左壁和右壁收敛变形分别为0.37,0.53和0.55 mm,洞壁围岩产生了较明显脆性破坏,在拱顶发生岩爆现象,并表现出明显的时滞效应,最后结合试验结果建立应变型岩爆的力学演化机制。研究表明,所提出的试验方法可以较好地模拟应变型岩爆,可为岩爆理论研究、工程实践提供试验依据和数据支撑。
To study the initiation mechanism of strain rockbursts,model tests on strain rockbursts induced by unloading in deep underground opening were conducted based on elastic adaptive boundary. The phenomena of strain rockbursts were reproduced in the laboratory. At the distances of 2 cm and 8 cm from the tunnel wall,the hoop pressure values of the surrounding rock increase by 63.3% and 42.9% respectively,and the radial pressure values decrease by 79.2% and 29.3% respectively. The maximum values of the radial and hoop strains,2 cm away from the tunnel wall,reach-2 443 με and 1 268 με respectively. The convergences at the vertical,left and right sides of the wall in the tunnel after excavation are respectively 0.37 mm,0.53 mm and 0.55 mm. In the process,brittle failure phenomena of the surrounding rock including block-fracture and strain rockburst were observed,and the failure of the surrounding rock displayed an obvious lag effect. The mechanism of strain rockbursts was established. The test method can simulate strain rockburst phenomenon well,and the study conclusions can provide a reference for further theoretical study and engineering practice of rockbursts.
To study the initiation mechanism of strain rockbursts,model tests on strain rockbursts induced by unloading in deep underground opening were conducted based on elastic adaptive boundary. The phenomena of strain rockbursts were reproduced in the laboratory. At the distances of 2 cm and 8 cm from the tunnel wall,the hoop pressure values of the surrounding rock increase by 63.3% and 42.9% respectively,and the radial pressure values decrease by 79.2% and 29.3% respectively. The maximum values of the radial and hoop strains,2 cm away from the tunnel wall,reach-2 443 με and 1 268 με respectively. The convergences at the vertical,left and right sides of the wall in the tunnel after excavation are respectively 0.37 mm,0.53 mm and 0.55 mm. In the process,brittle failure phenomena of the surrounding rock including block-fracture and strain rockburst were observed,and the failure of the surrounding rock displayed an obvious lag effect. The mechanism of strain rockbursts was established. The test method can simulate strain rockburst phenomenon well,and the study conclusions can provide a reference for further theoretical study and engineering practice of rockbursts.
引文
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[19]潘一山,章梦涛,王来贵,等.地下硐室岩爆的相似材料模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):49-56.(PAN Yishan,ZHANG Mengtao,WANG Laigui,et al.Study on rockburst by equivalent material simulation tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(4):49-56.(in Chinese))
[20]陈智强,张永兴,周检英.基于数字散斑技术的深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增1):141-148.(CHEN Zhiqian,ZHANG Yongxing,ZHOU Jianying.Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):141-148.(in Chinese))
[21]张晓君,郑怀昌.岩爆倾向性巷(隧)道围岩破裂的试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2011,31(4):29-33.(ZHANG Xiaojun,ZHENGHuaichang.Experimental study on fracture of tunnels'surrounding rock with rockburst proneness[J].Mining Research and Development,2011,31(4):29-33.(in Chinese))
[22]李浪,王明洋,范鹏贤,等.深地下工程模型试验加卸载装置的研制[J].岩土力学,2016,37(1):297-304.(LI Lang,WANGMingyang,FAN Pengxian,et al.Development of loading and unloading apparatus for model test in deep underground engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(1):297-304.(in Chinese))
[23]HAIMING J,PENGXIAN F,MINGYANG W,et al.Elastic adaptive boundary for geomechanical model test[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,19:2 349-2 357.
[24]姜开锋,范鹏贤,邢灏喆,等.锦屏大理岩相似材料制备及其力学性能分析[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,17(1):56-61.(JIANG Kaifeng,FAN Pengxian,XING Haozhe,et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of resin-based equivalent material for Jinping marbles[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2016,17(1):56-61.(in Chinese))
[2]WOJTECKI?,KONICEK P.Estimation of active rockburst prevention effectiveness during longwall mining under disadvantageous geological and mining conditions[J].Journal of Sustainable Mining,2016,15(1):1-7.
[3]FENG X T,CHEN B R,LI S J.Study on development process of rockbursts in deep tunnels[J]Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2012,4(4):289-295.
[4]KONICEK P,SOUCEK K,STAS L,et al.Long-hole destress blasting for rockburst control during deep underground coal mining[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,61:141-153.
[5]HE M C,MIAO J L,FENG J L.Rock burst process of limestone and its acoustic emission characteristics under true-triaxial unloading conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):286-298.
[6]MENG F Z,ZHOU H,WANG Z Q,et al.Experimental study on the prediction of rockburst hazards induced by dynamic structural plane shearing in deeply buried hard rock tunnels[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,86:210-223.
[7]MENG F Z,ZHOU H,WANG Z Q,et al.Experimental study of factors affecting fault slip rockbursts in deeply buried hard rock tunnels[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2016,76(3):1-16.
[8]LU A H,MAO X B,LIU H S.Physical simulation of rock burst induced by stress waves[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2008,18(3):401-405.
[9]LI L,WANG M Y,FAN P X,et al.Strain rockbursts simulated by low-strength brittle equivalent materials[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2016,(1):1-11.
[10]DENG J,GU D S.Buckling mechanism of pillar rockbursts in underground hard rock mining[J].Geomechanics and Geoengineering:An International Journal,2018,13(3):168-183.
[11]周辉,徐荣超,卢景景,等.板裂化模型试样失稳破坏及其裂隙扩展特征的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增2):1-11.(ZHOU Hui,XU Rongchao,LU Jingjing,et al.Experimental study of instability destruction and crack propagation characteristics of slab failure model specimen[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Supp.2):1-11.(in Chinese))
[12]周辉,卢景景,胡善超,等.开挖断面曲率半径对高应力下硬脆性围岩板裂化的影响[J].岩土力学,2016,37(1):140-146.(ZHOU Hui,LU Jingjing,HU Shanchao,et al.Influence of curvature radius of tunnels excavation sectionon slabbing of hard brittle rockmass under high stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(1):140-146.(in Chinese))
[13]何满潮,刘冬桥,宫伟力,等.冲击岩爆试验系统研发及试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1 729-1 739.(HE Manchao,LIUDongqiao,GONG Weili,et al.Development of a testing system for impact rockbursts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1 729-1 739.(in Chinese))
[14]何满潮,赵菲,张昱,等.瞬时应变型岩爆模拟试验中花岗岩主频特征演化规律分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):1-8.(HEManchao,ZHAO Fei,ZHANG Yu,et al.Feature evolution of dominant frequency components in acoustic emissions of instantaneous strain-type granitic rockburst simulation tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[15]司雪峰,宫凤强,罗勇,等.深部三维圆形洞室岩爆过程的模拟试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):1-14.(SI Xuefeng,GONGFengqiang,LUO Yong,et al.Experimental simulation on rockburst process of deep three-dimensional circular cavern[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):1-14.(in Chinese))
[16]顾金才,范俊奇,孔福利,等.抛掷型岩爆机制与模拟试验技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1 081-1 089.(GU Jincai1,FANJunqi,KONG Fuli,et al.Mechanism of ejective rockburst and modeltesting technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1 081-1 089.(in Chinese))
[17]杨淑清.隧洞岩爆机制物理模型试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1993,26(2):160-166.(YANG Shuqing.An experimental study on rockburst mechanism around tunnels by physical simulation[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,1993,26(2):160-166.(in Chinese))
[18]李天斌,王湘锋,孟陆波.岩爆的相似材料物理模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增1):2 610-2 616.(LI Tianbin,WANGXiangfeng,MENG Lubo.Physical simulation study of similar material for rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Supp.1):2 610-2 616.(in Chinese))
[19]潘一山,章梦涛,王来贵,等.地下硐室岩爆的相似材料模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):49-56.(PAN Yishan,ZHANG Mengtao,WANG Laigui,et al.Study on rockburst by equivalent material simulation tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(4):49-56.(in Chinese))
[20]陈智强,张永兴,周检英.基于数字散斑技术的深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增1):141-148.(CHEN Zhiqian,ZHANG Yongxing,ZHOU Jianying.Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):141-148.(in Chinese))
[21]张晓君,郑怀昌.岩爆倾向性巷(隧)道围岩破裂的试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2011,31(4):29-33.(ZHANG Xiaojun,ZHENGHuaichang.Experimental study on fracture of tunnels'surrounding rock with rockburst proneness[J].Mining Research and Development,2011,31(4):29-33.(in Chinese))
[22]李浪,王明洋,范鹏贤,等.深地下工程模型试验加卸载装置的研制[J].岩土力学,2016,37(1):297-304.(LI Lang,WANGMingyang,FAN Pengxian,et al.Development of loading and unloading apparatus for model test in deep underground engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(1):297-304.(in Chinese))
[23]HAIMING J,PENGXIAN F,MINGYANG W,et al.Elastic adaptive boundary for geomechanical model test[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,19:2 349-2 357.
[24]姜开锋,范鹏贤,邢灏喆,等.锦屏大理岩相似材料制备及其力学性能分析[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,17(1):56-61.(JIANG Kaifeng,FAN Pengxian,XING Haozhe,et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of resin-based equivalent material for Jinping marbles[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2016,17(1):56-61.(in Chinese))