三轴加载作用下矿化花岗岩的蠕变试验研究
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摘要
岩石的蠕变特性影响岩体的长期稳定性,对矿化花岗岩试件进行了单轴和三轴蠕变试验,并对预制裂隙矿化花岗岩进行单轴蠕变试验,提出蠕变能量积聚理论,在此基础上进行蠕变恒载之后的加载破坏试验。试验结果表明:矿化花岗岩单轴加载的蠕变试验,在低压荷载保持恒定时,应变变化较小,但变化具有一定的规律性,相应的应变值变化不大。而当增加荷载时,应变变化速度加快,蠕变值出现起伏变化。矿化花岗岩在低压时,蠕变变形起伏较小,呈现明显的等速蠕变变化趋势;当荷载加大到高压时,花岗岩并非表现单一的蠕变变化趋势,而是呈现复杂的起伏变化特点。预制裂隙的存在,大大降低了试件的最大抗压强度。相同荷载作用下的蠕变变化比未预裂试件的变化速度快。试件或预裂试件在单轴荷载作用下,其蠕变曲线可用开尔文体进行表征,而试件在三轴蠕变试验机上得到的蠕变曲线,尤其是处于高压时却出现了应变松弛现象。
The creep characteristics of the rock affect the longterm stability of the rock mass.The uniaxial and triaxial creep tests of the granite specimen are carried out and the uniaxial creep test is conducted on the prefabricated fissured granite and the energy agglomeration theory is put forward.On this basis,the loading failure test is conducted after creep load.The results show that in the creep test of the mineralized granite in the uniaxial loading,when the load at low pressure keeps constant,the change of the strain is small,but the change has a certain regularity and the fluctuation of the corresponding strain value is not great.When the load size is increased,the strain change speed is gathered and the fluctuated creep value variation occurs.When granite is at low pressure,the creep deformation fluctuation is small and an obvious trend of constant velocity creep variation occurs.When the load increases to high pressure,the granite does not show a single creep trend,but presents a characteristic of complex fluctuation.The presence of prefabricated fissures greatly reduces the maximum compressive strength of the specimen.The change of creep under the same load is faster than that of the no prefabricated specimen.The creep curve can be characterized by Kelvin body under the action of uniaxial specimen or prefabricated specimen,but the strain relaxation trend appears for the creep curve on the specimen triaxial creep test machine.
The creep characteristics of the rock affect the longterm stability of the rock mass.The uniaxial and triaxial creep tests of the granite specimen are carried out and the uniaxial creep test is conducted on the prefabricated fissured granite and the energy agglomeration theory is put forward.On this basis,the loading failure test is conducted after creep load.The results show that in the creep test of the mineralized granite in the uniaxial loading,when the load at low pressure keeps constant,the change of the strain is small,but the change has a certain regularity and the fluctuation of the corresponding strain value is not great.When the load size is increased,the strain change speed is gathered and the fluctuated creep value variation occurs.When granite is at low pressure,the creep deformation fluctuation is small and an obvious trend of constant velocity creep variation occurs.When the load increases to high pressure,the granite does not show a single creep trend,but presents a characteristic of complex fluctuation.The presence of prefabricated fissures greatly reduces the maximum compressive strength of the specimen.The change of creep under the same load is faster than that of the no prefabricated specimen.The creep curve can be characterized by Kelvin body under the action of uniaxial specimen or prefabricated specimen,but the strain relaxation trend appears for the creep curve on the specimen triaxial creep test machine.
引文
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[11]杨圣奇,徐鹏.一种新的岩石非线性流变损伤模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(10):1 846-1 854.
[12]王青元,朱万成,刘洪磊,等.单轴压缩下绿砂岩长期强度的尺寸效应研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):981-990.
[13]王金安,李飞,曹秋菊,等.断裂岩石蠕剪中的细观接触损伤试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(12):3 345-3 352.
[14]高赛红,曹平,汪胜莲,等.改进的岩石非线性粘弹塑性蠕变模型及其硬化黏滞系数的修正[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):936-943.
[15]齐亚静,姜清辉,王志俭,等.改进西原模型的三维蠕变本构方程及其参数辨识[J].煤炭学报,2012,31(2):347-355.
[16]徐国文,何川,代聪,等.广义Kelvin蠕变损伤模型及其参数的智能辨识[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(5):866-871.
[17]张千贵,梁永昌,范翔宇,等.基于能量守恒定律对西原模型的改进与验证[J].重庆大学学报,2016,39(3):117-124.
[18]沈明荣,谌洪菊,张清照,等.基于蠕变试验的结构面长期强度确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):1-7.
[19]曹文贵,袁靖周,王江营,等.考虑加速蠕变的岩石蠕变过程损伤模拟方法[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(2):15-20.
[20]范翔宇,张千贵,艾巍,等.煤岩储气层岩石蠕变特性与本构模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3 732-3 739.
[21]刘建锋,谢和平,徐进,等.软硬互层岩体卸荷蠕变力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):770-777.
[22]李亚丽,于怀昌,刘汉东.三轴压缩下粉砂质泥岩蠕变本构模型研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2 035-2 040.
[23]康文献,于怀昌,王玲玲,等.三轴应力下水对粉砂质泥岩蠕变力学特性影响作用试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(4):622-627.
[24]曹平,郑欣平,李娜,等.深部斜长角闪岩流变试验及模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):3 015-3 021.
[25]康永刚,张秀娥.一种改进的岩石蠕变本构模型[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):1 049-1 055.
[26]刘建,陈俭.一种模拟岩石蠕变的数值流形方法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1 203-1 209.
[27]宋勇军,雷胜友,韩铁林,等.一种新的岩石非线性粘弹塑性流变模型[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2 076-2 080.
[2]王金星,杨小林,负小有.对花岗岩单轴拉伸蠕变变形规律的研究:矿山建设学术会议论文选集[C].2002.169-173.
[3]齐明山,徐正良,崔勤,等.风化破碎类花岗岩三轴流变试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(5):914-917.
[4]张宁,赵阳升,万志军,等.高温三维应力下花岗岩三维蠕变的模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):875-881.
[5]朱元广,刘泉声,康永水,等.考虑温度效应的花岗岩蠕变损伤本构关系研究[J]〗.岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1 882-1888.
[6]FENG Qian,GAO De-li.A mechanical model for predicting casing creep load in high temperature wells[J].Journal of Nature Gas Science and Engineering,2011,(3):530-535.
[7]潘鹏志,冯夏庭,申林方,等.裂隙花岗岩各向异性蠕变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):36-44.
[8]武晋丈,赵阳升,万志军,等.热力耦合作用鲁灰花岗岩蠕变声发射规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):3 061-3067.
[9]施行觉,赵闯,李成波,等.岩石蠕变破裂过程及其响应比变化的实验研究[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):332-339.
[10]WANG Jin-an,WANG Yu-i,CAO Qiu-u,et al.Behavior of microcontacts in rock joints under direct shear creep loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,(78):217-229.
[11]杨圣奇,徐鹏.一种新的岩石非线性流变损伤模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(10):1 846-1 854.
[12]王青元,朱万成,刘洪磊,等.单轴压缩下绿砂岩长期强度的尺寸效应研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):981-990.
[13]王金安,李飞,曹秋菊,等.断裂岩石蠕剪中的细观接触损伤试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(12):3 345-3 352.
[14]高赛红,曹平,汪胜莲,等.改进的岩石非线性粘弹塑性蠕变模型及其硬化黏滞系数的修正[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):936-943.
[15]齐亚静,姜清辉,王志俭,等.改进西原模型的三维蠕变本构方程及其参数辨识[J].煤炭学报,2012,31(2):347-355.
[16]徐国文,何川,代聪,等.广义Kelvin蠕变损伤模型及其参数的智能辨识[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(5):866-871.
[17]张千贵,梁永昌,范翔宇,等.基于能量守恒定律对西原模型的改进与验证[J].重庆大学学报,2016,39(3):117-124.
[18]沈明荣,谌洪菊,张清照,等.基于蠕变试验的结构面长期强度确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):1-7.
[19]曹文贵,袁靖周,王江营,等.考虑加速蠕变的岩石蠕变过程损伤模拟方法[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(2):15-20.
[20]范翔宇,张千贵,艾巍,等.煤岩储气层岩石蠕变特性与本构模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3 732-3 739.
[21]刘建锋,谢和平,徐进,等.软硬互层岩体卸荷蠕变力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):770-777.
[22]李亚丽,于怀昌,刘汉东.三轴压缩下粉砂质泥岩蠕变本构模型研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2 035-2 040.
[23]康文献,于怀昌,王玲玲,等.三轴应力下水对粉砂质泥岩蠕变力学特性影响作用试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(4):622-627.
[24]曹平,郑欣平,李娜,等.深部斜长角闪岩流变试验及模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):3 015-3 021.
[25]康永刚,张秀娥.一种改进的岩石蠕变本构模型[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):1 049-1 055.
[26]刘建,陈俭.一种模拟岩石蠕变的数值流形方法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1 203-1 209.
[27]宋勇军,雷胜友,韩铁林,等.一种新的岩石非线性粘弹塑性流变模型[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2 076-2 080.