风险评估模型对煤矿职业危害评价的适用性研究
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摘要
为了探索职业健康风险评估模型在煤矿职业病危害评价中的应用,选取某大型煤矿5个主要工段的12个主要工序,运用罗马尼亚风险评估模型(Romanian model)和国际采矿与金属委员会风险评估模型(ICMM)对某煤矿进行风险评估并比较2种模型的评估结果的异同。研究结果表明:对于噪声、CO等有毒气体、电焊烟尘这3种职业危害因素,ICMM矩阵法评估为中等风险,定量法评估为不可接受风险,Romanian model评估为4级中等风险水平。对于粉尘造成尘肺病这一风险事件,ICMM矩阵法评估为高风险;定量法评估为不可接受风险;Romanian model评估为5级高风险水平。Romanian model模型的评估结果更能为煤矿企业职业病危险分级防控提供指导。
To explore the application of occupational health risk assessment model in occupational hazards assessment in coal mines,the 12 main processes of 5 main sections in a large coal mine were selected as research object. Risk in the processes was assessed by the Romanian risk assessment model(Romanian model) and the International Council for Mining and Metals Risk Assessment Model(ICMM)and the similarities and differences between the assessment results by the two models were compared. The results showed that for the assessment of occupational hazards of the three occupational hazards, such as noise, CO and other toxic gases and welding fumes, the risk assessed by ICMM matrix method is medium level, assessed by quantitative method is unacceptable risk level, and assessed by the Romanian model is a 4-level medium. For the hazard of dust causing pneumoconiosis, the risk assessed by ICMM matrix method is high-risk level,by quantitative method is unacceptable risk level, and by the Romanian model is a 5-level high-risk level. In a comprehensive comparison, the assessment results of the Romanian model provide a better guidance for the risk classification and prevention of occupational diseases in coal mining enterprises.
To explore the application of occupational health risk assessment model in occupational hazards assessment in coal mines,the 12 main processes of 5 main sections in a large coal mine were selected as research object. Risk in the processes was assessed by the Romanian risk assessment model(Romanian model) and the International Council for Mining and Metals Risk Assessment Model(ICMM)and the similarities and differences between the assessment results by the two models were compared. The results showed that for the assessment of occupational hazards of the three occupational hazards, such as noise, CO and other toxic gases and welding fumes, the risk assessed by ICMM matrix method is medium level, assessed by quantitative method is unacceptable risk level, and assessed by the Romanian model is a 4-level medium. For the hazard of dust causing pneumoconiosis, the risk assessed by ICMM matrix method is high-risk level,by quantitative method is unacceptable risk level, and by the Romanian model is a 5-level high-risk level. In a comprehensive comparison, the assessment results of the Romanian model provide a better guidance for the risk classification and prevention of occupational diseases in coal mining enterprises.
引文
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[2]Zhou L F,Tian F,Zou H,et al.Research Progress in Occupational Health Risk Assessment Methods in China[J].生物医学与环境科学,2017,30(8):616-622.
[3]吴宾.煤尘职业健康风险评估方法的研究与应用[D].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2017.
[4]余晓峰,韩丽芳,谢凯蕾,等.罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法在某贵金属冶炼厂的应用效果[J].浙江预防医学,2016,28(2):186-188.
[5]李明,王莎莎,蒋国钦,等.罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法在某荧光灯制造企业的应用[J].预防医学,2017,29(2):146-149.
[6]高鹤,齐明键,周莉芳,等.半定量及定性风险评估方法在家具制造企业的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016(3):220-222.
[7]张鹏,刘弢,李辉,等.两种风险评估模型在转椅家具制造企业的应用比较[J].预防医学,2018(2):158.
[8]谢红卫,张美辨,周莉芳,等.两种风险评估模型在印刷行业中的应用研究[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(1):29-33.
[9]王爱红,冷朋波,李晓海,等.两种风险评估法在某黑色金属铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(10):909-913.
[10]周桂侠,宋小和,高青,等.ICMM职业健康风险评估模型在某金融机具工程项目职业病危害评价中的应用[J].职业与健康,2014,30(22):3178-3180.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值化学有害因素[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[12]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值物理有害因素[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.