雾霾危机情境下应该如何应对?——基于高阶与低阶应对行为分类的视角
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摘要
为了解政府、公众在雾霾危机情境下的应对策略,合理引导公众采取积极有效的预防和治霾措施,本文以新浪微博和百度指数作为数据平台,结合高阶与低阶应对行为分类理论,通过内容分析法发现,公众对雾霾的关注度和应对行为呈现季节性变化规律;政府倾向将雾霾危机视为一种挑战,常采取问题解决的应对方式,尤其是制定策略和工具行为;公众倾向将雾霾危机看作对自身的威胁,多采取防御性或较消极的应对措施,包括使用口罩等防御型解决问题的方法,以及屈服、逃避、反对等应对策略;在采取措施应对雾霾时,政府和公众都不仅依靠自身资源,还寻求从社会情境中获得帮助与支持。本文的研究结果有助于优化雾霾应对策略,拓宽雾霾治理的社会参与途径。
In order to understand the coping strategies of the government and the public in haze crisis situation and to develop more positive and efficient coping strategies,we collect data from Sina micro-blog and Baidu index and present a content analysis based on classification theory of higher and lower order coping behavior.Results of Baidu index reveals that the public's attention to haze and their coping behaviors fluctuate with the seasons. At the governmental level,haze crisis is regarded as a challenge. They often use problem solving coping strategies,especially strategizing and instrumental action.At the public level,haze crisis is regarded as a threat.They usually take defensive and negative measures including usage of masks and other defensive solutions,as well as submission,escape,opposition and other coping strategies.When dealing with haze crisis,the government and the public not only rely on their own resources,but also seek help and support from the social context.The findings are of great significance to the optimism of coping strategies and haze governance approaches such as expanding social participation.
In order to understand the coping strategies of the government and the public in haze crisis situation and to develop more positive and efficient coping strategies,we collect data from Sina micro-blog and Baidu index and present a content analysis based on classification theory of higher and lower order coping behavior.Results of Baidu index reveals that the public's attention to haze and their coping behaviors fluctuate with the seasons. At the governmental level,haze crisis is regarded as a challenge. They often use problem solving coping strategies,especially strategizing and instrumental action.At the public level,haze crisis is regarded as a threat.They usually take defensive and negative measures including usage of masks and other defensive solutions,as well as submission,escape,opposition and other coping strategies.When dealing with haze crisis,the government and the public not only rely on their own resources,but also seek help and support from the social context.The findings are of great significance to the optimism of coping strategies and haze governance approaches such as expanding social participation.
引文
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[16]Pieter Rutsaert,Aine Regan,Zuzanna Pieniak,Aine Mc Connon,Adrian Moss,Patrick Wall,Wim Verbeke.The Use of Social Media in Food Risk and Benefit Communication.Trends in Food Science and Technology,2013,30(1):84-91.
[17]M.Ghiassi,J.Skinner,D.Zimbra.Twitter Brand Sentiment Analysis:a Hybrid System Using N-gram Analysis and Dynamic Artificial Neural Network.Expert Systems with Applications,2013,40(16),6266-6282.
[18]Stieglitz,S.,Dang-Xuan,L.Political Communication and Influence through Microblogging—An Empirical Analysis of Sentiment in Twitter Messages and Retweet Behavior.In:Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012,PP3500-3509.
[19]刘伟.内容分析法在公共管理学研究中的应用[J].中国行政管理,2014(6).
[20]Chew,C.,Eysenbach,G.Pandemics in the age of Twitter:Content Analysis of Tweets During the 2009H1N1 Outbreak.PLo S One,2010,5(11),1-13.
[21]Rui Gaspar,Sara Gorja~o,Beate Seibt,Luisa Lima,Julie Barnett,Adrian Moss,Josephine Wills.Tweeting During Food Crises:A Psychosocial Analysis of Threat Coping Expressions in Spain,During the 2011European EHEC Outbreak.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,2014,72(2):239-254.
[22]Adam Sadilek,Henry Kautz,Vincent Silenzio.Predicting Disease Transmission from Geo-tagged Micro-blog Data.Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Toronto,2012,pp136-142.
[23]成波,黄晓斌.国内外网络内容分析应用现状研究[J].图书情报工作,2007(9).
[2]谢元博,陈娟,李巍.雾霾重污染期间北京居民对高浓度PM2.5持续暴露的健康风险及其损害[J].环境科学,2014(1).
[3]傅崇辉,王文军,汤健等.PM2.5健康风险的空间人口分布研究——以深圳为例[J].中国软科学,2014(9).
[4]崔维军,向焱.公众气候变化认知对政府应对行动支持度的影响——基于中国天气网网民的调查[J].中国人口科学,2014(1).
[5]潘本锋,汪巍,李亮等.我国大中型城市秋冬季节雾霾天气污染特征与成因分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2013(1).
[6]周利敏.生态灾难、永续发展与特大城市雾霾治理——国际经验与中国启示[J].中国行政管理,2016(1).
[7]李永亮.“新常态”视阈下府际协同治理雾霾的困境与出路[J].中国行政管理,2015(9).
[8]顾金士,谢花.南京居民的雾霾风险认知及应对行为调查研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015(3).
[9]程励,张同颢,付阳.城市居民雾霾天气认知及其对城市旅游目的地选择倾向的影响[J].旅游学刊,2015(10).
[10]Richard S.Lazarus,Susan Folkman.Stress,Appraisal,and Coping.New York:Springer Press.1984.
[11]Ellen A.Skinner,Kathleen Edge,Jeffrey Altman,Hayley Sherwood.Searching for the Structure of Coping:A Review and Critique of Category Systems for Classifying Ways of Coping.Psychological Bulletin,2003,129(2):216-269.
[12]Lisa K.Tamres,Denise Janicki,Vicki S.Helgeson.Sex Differences in Coping Behavior:A Meta-Analytic Review and an Examination of Relative Coping.Personality and Social Psychology Review,2002,6(1):2-30.
[13]Katharine R.Parkes.Locus of Control,Cognitive Appraisal and Coping in Stressful Episodes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1984,46(3):655-668.
[14]Susan Folkman,Richard S.Lazarus.If It Changes It Must Be a Process:Study of Emotion and Coping During Three Stages of a College Examination.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1985,48(1):150-170.
[15]Zimmer-Gembeck,M.J.,Skinner,E.A.The Development of Coping Across Childhood and Adolescence:An Integrative Review and Critique of Research.International Journal of Behavioral Development,2011(351):1-17.
[16]Pieter Rutsaert,Aine Regan,Zuzanna Pieniak,Aine Mc Connon,Adrian Moss,Patrick Wall,Wim Verbeke.The Use of Social Media in Food Risk and Benefit Communication.Trends in Food Science and Technology,2013,30(1):84-91.
[17]M.Ghiassi,J.Skinner,D.Zimbra.Twitter Brand Sentiment Analysis:a Hybrid System Using N-gram Analysis and Dynamic Artificial Neural Network.Expert Systems with Applications,2013,40(16),6266-6282.
[18]Stieglitz,S.,Dang-Xuan,L.Political Communication and Influence through Microblogging—An Empirical Analysis of Sentiment in Twitter Messages and Retweet Behavior.In:Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2012,PP3500-3509.
[19]刘伟.内容分析法在公共管理学研究中的应用[J].中国行政管理,2014(6).
[20]Chew,C.,Eysenbach,G.Pandemics in the age of Twitter:Content Analysis of Tweets During the 2009H1N1 Outbreak.PLo S One,2010,5(11),1-13.
[21]Rui Gaspar,Sara Gorja~o,Beate Seibt,Luisa Lima,Julie Barnett,Adrian Moss,Josephine Wills.Tweeting During Food Crises:A Psychosocial Analysis of Threat Coping Expressions in Spain,During the 2011European EHEC Outbreak.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,2014,72(2):239-254.
[22]Adam Sadilek,Henry Kautz,Vincent Silenzio.Predicting Disease Transmission from Geo-tagged Micro-blog Data.Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Toronto,2012,pp136-142.
[23]成波,黄晓斌.国内外网络内容分析应用现状研究[J].图书情报工作,2007(9).