高原驻训新兵心理应激水平及影响因素
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摘要
目的:探索高原驻训新兵心理应激水平及其影响因素之间的关系。方法:采用军人心理应激评估问卷、心理弹性问卷、一般自我效能感量表、正性负性情感量表对高原驻训的新兵、军龄较长的官兵及野战医疗所人员共571人进行心理评估。结果:进驻高原新兵、军龄较长的官兵及野战医疗所人员心理应激总分分别是(14.46±2.98)、(15.39±3.24)、(15.66±2.79),进驻高原新兵心理应激得分显著低于后两类人员(P<0.01)。心理应激所有条目均与正性情绪呈明显负相关;除条目4以外的其他条目与负性情绪呈明显正相关,与自我效能、力量、坚韧性及乐观性呈明显负相关。进驻高原新兵心理应激10个条目中,负性情绪对除条目4以外的其他条目有正向预测作用;正性情绪对条目2、3、4、5、7有负向预测作用;力量对条目1、2、6、7、8、10有负向预测作用;坚韧性仅对条目6有负向预测作用;乐观性仅对条目9有负向预测作用;自我效能对条目2、4有负向预测作用。结论:高原驻训新兵心理应激水平受到心理弹性、自我效能、正负情绪等多种因素的综合影响,应当采取综合措施保障新兵心理健康。
Objective:To explore the relationship between the psychological stress level and influencing factors of recruits in the plateau.Methods:A total of 571 recruits,officers and soldiers more than three years in the army,and field medical personnel stationed in the plateau were surveyed using the military psychological stress assessment questionnaire,the psychological elasticity questionnaire,the general self-efficacy scale,and the positive negative emotion scale.Results:The total scores of psychological stress of the recruits,officers and soldiers more than three years in the army,and the field medical personel were(14.46±2.98),(15.39±3.24),(15.66±2.79),and the recruits′mental stress score was significantly lower than the latter two categories of personnel(P <0.01).All items of psychological stress were significantly negatively correlated with positive emotions,except for item 4,the other items were positively correlated with negative emotions,and all were significantly negative with self-efficacy,strength,resilience and optimism.Among the 10 items of psychological stress in plateau recruits,negative emotions had a positive predictive effect on the other items except item 4,and positive emotions had a negative predictive effect on items 2,3,4,5and 7.Forces had a negative predictive effect on items 1,2,6,7,8and 10.Resilience only had a negative predictive effect on item 6.Optimism only had a negative predictive effect on item 9,and selfefficacy had negative predictive effect on item 2and 4.Conclusion:The level of psychological stress in the plateau recruits is affected by various factors such as psychological flexibility,self-efficacy,positive and negative emotions.Comprehensive measures should be taken to ensure the mental health of recruits.
Objective:To explore the relationship between the psychological stress level and influencing factors of recruits in the plateau.Methods:A total of 571 recruits,officers and soldiers more than three years in the army,and field medical personnel stationed in the plateau were surveyed using the military psychological stress assessment questionnaire,the psychological elasticity questionnaire,the general self-efficacy scale,and the positive negative emotion scale.Results:The total scores of psychological stress of the recruits,officers and soldiers more than three years in the army,and the field medical personel were(14.46±2.98),(15.39±3.24),(15.66±2.79),and the recruits′mental stress score was significantly lower than the latter two categories of personnel(P <0.01).All items of psychological stress were significantly negatively correlated with positive emotions,except for item 4,the other items were positively correlated with negative emotions,and all were significantly negative with self-efficacy,strength,resilience and optimism.Among the 10 items of psychological stress in plateau recruits,negative emotions had a positive predictive effect on the other items except item 4,and positive emotions had a negative predictive effect on items 2,3,4,5and 7.Forces had a negative predictive effect on items 1,2,6,7,8and 10.Resilience only had a negative predictive effect on item 6.Optimism only had a negative predictive effect on item 9,and selfefficacy had negative predictive effect on item 2and 4.Conclusion:The level of psychological stress in the plateau recruits is affected by various factors such as psychological flexibility,self-efficacy,positive and negative emotions.Comprehensive measures should be taken to ensure the mental health of recruits.
引文
[1]安花花,李晓云,王东红,等.心理应激、焦虑、抑郁对急进高原官兵睡眠质量的影响[J].华南国防医学杂志,2015,29(7):534-536.
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[11]邱俊杰,安花花,付藏红,等.急进高原野战医疗所护理人员心理应激、心理弹性的调查[J].护理研究,2016,30(34):4334-4336.
[12]周卉,李京玉,石川,等.部队新兵入伍集训前后心理弹性状况调查分析[J].中国当代医药,2016,23(5):167-168.
[13]陈李杰,任春琳,李海清.基层部队入伍训练对新兵心理弹性状况的影响[J].转化医学电子杂志,2016,3(7):62-63.
[14]周小东,丁永涛,刘知源,等.入伍新兵集训前后心理应激状态变化的调查与分析[J].四川精神卫生,2005,18(1):29-30.
[15]邱俊杰,安花花,付藏红,等.高原驻训伤病员心理应激与心理弹性相关性研究[J].人民军医,2016,59(5):433-434.
[16]缪毅.新兵心理弹性与集训期心理应激和应激后成长研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2012.
[17]Yang Q,Zuo W,Peng L,et al.Relationship between psychological resilience and stress level and emotional experience in a recruiting period of a recruit[J].Chinese J Health Psychol,2016,24(6):833-836.
[18]Huahua A,Xiaoyun L,Donghong W,et al.Effects of psychological resilience,attention control and anxiety on psychological stress of officers and soldiers in rapidly entering plateau[J].Chinese J Health Psychol,2017,25(8):1171-1175.
[19]王娟,金玉,辛楠,等.新兵自我效能与军事作业绩效的相关研究[J].武警医学,2009,20(4):305-307.
[20]张川敏,王春玲,张希臣,等.武警某部新兵一般自我效能与心理健康的相关研究[J].武警医学,2007,18(6):424-426.
[21]冯杰,郎森阳,杨君,等.4 496名新兵一般自我效能与SCL-90、应对方式、社会支持的关系[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2008,26(2):105-108.
[22]王娟,金玉,辛楠,等.新兵自我效能与军事作业绩效的相关研究[J].武警医学,2009,20(4):305-307.
[23]杨玲,谢远俊.高原集训新兵的心理应激与应对方式和自我效能感的关系[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2011,20(2):164-166.
[24]陈秀秀,左昕,彭李,等.某部新兵集训期心理状况与情绪调节方式及认知偏向的关系[J].第三军医大学学报,2016,38(16):1900-1904.
[25]徐媛媛,蔡云,黄伟容,等.二炮某部军人心理应激水平与心理弹性、认知偏向和正性情绪的关系[J].第三军医大学学报,2015,37(7):698-702.
[26]杨倩,左昕,彭李,等.某部新兵集训期心理弹性与应激水平和情绪体验的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2016,24(6):833-836.
[27]张世昌,杨倩,于永菊,等.某部新兵集训期应激水平和情绪体验与注意偏向特点的关系[J].第三军医大学学报,2016,38(13):1577-1580.
[2]王东红,李晓云,安花花,等.不同兵种官兵急进高原心理应激的特征[J].华南国防医学杂志,2016,30(5):329-330.
[3]胡军,李晓云,师燕芬,等.西北高原部队官兵心理健康及引入EAP管理的设想[J].西北国防医学杂志,2016,37(1):44-46.
[4]Roth W T,Gomolla A,Meuret A E,et al.High altitudes,anxiety,and panic attacks:is there a relationship[J]?Depression&Anxiety,2010,16(2):51-58.
[5]安花花,邱俊杰,付藏红,等.高原驻训伤病员心理应激及其影响因素[J].华南国防医学杂志,2016,30(5):319-321.
[6]张钰,李敏,张佳佳,等.应激回弹力问卷在军人中的信效度研究[J].第三军医大学学报,2010,32(2):115-118.
[7]Schwarzer R,Born A,Lwawaki S,et al.The assessment of optimistic self-beliefs:comparison of the German,Spanish,and Chinese versions of the general self-efficacy scale[J].Applied Psychol,2010,46(1):69-88.
[8]张作记.行为医学量表手册[M].北京:中华医学电子音像出版社,2005.
[9]Xiaoli D,Xiaonan C,Dan H,et al.Relationship between self-efficacy,psychological flexibility and psychological stress of recruits in a certain army[J].Chinese J Health Psychol,2018,21(4):78.
[10]佟洋,王家同,黄启科,等.士兵认知评价特征、应对方式与心理健康的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(2):202-204.
[11]邱俊杰,安花花,付藏红,等.急进高原野战医疗所护理人员心理应激、心理弹性的调查[J].护理研究,2016,30(34):4334-4336.
[12]周卉,李京玉,石川,等.部队新兵入伍集训前后心理弹性状况调查分析[J].中国当代医药,2016,23(5):167-168.
[13]陈李杰,任春琳,李海清.基层部队入伍训练对新兵心理弹性状况的影响[J].转化医学电子杂志,2016,3(7):62-63.
[14]周小东,丁永涛,刘知源,等.入伍新兵集训前后心理应激状态变化的调查与分析[J].四川精神卫生,2005,18(1):29-30.
[15]邱俊杰,安花花,付藏红,等.高原驻训伤病员心理应激与心理弹性相关性研究[J].人民军医,2016,59(5):433-434.
[16]缪毅.新兵心理弹性与集训期心理应激和应激后成长研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2012.
[17]Yang Q,Zuo W,Peng L,et al.Relationship between psychological resilience and stress level and emotional experience in a recruiting period of a recruit[J].Chinese J Health Psychol,2016,24(6):833-836.
[18]Huahua A,Xiaoyun L,Donghong W,et al.Effects of psychological resilience,attention control and anxiety on psychological stress of officers and soldiers in rapidly entering plateau[J].Chinese J Health Psychol,2017,25(8):1171-1175.
[19]王娟,金玉,辛楠,等.新兵自我效能与军事作业绩效的相关研究[J].武警医学,2009,20(4):305-307.
[20]张川敏,王春玲,张希臣,等.武警某部新兵一般自我效能与心理健康的相关研究[J].武警医学,2007,18(6):424-426.
[21]冯杰,郎森阳,杨君,等.4 496名新兵一般自我效能与SCL-90、应对方式、社会支持的关系[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2008,26(2):105-108.
[22]王娟,金玉,辛楠,等.新兵自我效能与军事作业绩效的相关研究[J].武警医学,2009,20(4):305-307.
[23]杨玲,谢远俊.高原集训新兵的心理应激与应对方式和自我效能感的关系[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2011,20(2):164-166.
[24]陈秀秀,左昕,彭李,等.某部新兵集训期心理状况与情绪调节方式及认知偏向的关系[J].第三军医大学学报,2016,38(16):1900-1904.
[25]徐媛媛,蔡云,黄伟容,等.二炮某部军人心理应激水平与心理弹性、认知偏向和正性情绪的关系[J].第三军医大学学报,2015,37(7):698-702.
[26]杨倩,左昕,彭李,等.某部新兵集训期心理弹性与应激水平和情绪体验的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2016,24(6):833-836.
[27]张世昌,杨倩,于永菊,等.某部新兵集训期应激水平和情绪体验与注意偏向特点的关系[J].第三军医大学学报,2016,38(13):1577-1580.