云南紫溪山冬季鸟类丰富度年间变化研究
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摘要
位于云南中部的紫溪山以亚热带常绿阔叶林和云南松林为主要植被类型,气候以旱季和雨季交替为主要特点,自1994年成立紫溪山省级自然保护区以来,鸟类资料一直较为匮乏。采用样线法、直数法、至高点观察、夜间鸣声和红外相机调查等5种方法,调查2010—2017年冬季鸟类的丰富度。结果表明:野外共记录到鸟类177种,分属14目51科,占云南省鸟类945种的18.73%,其中9种为楚雄州首次记录。留鸟147种,占83.05%;冬候鸟29种,占16.38%;迷鸟1种,留鸟是紫溪山冬季鸟类群落的主要组成。基于回归分析,鸟类丰富度和春季降水正相关。在干旱的滇中地区,春季降水有利于紫溪山春季鸟类的繁殖和物种多样性的维持,并影响冬季鸟类丰富度。另外,还记录珍稀濒危鸟类22种,紫溪山鸟类种类远高于楚雄市市郊,是滇中地区鸟类生存和庇护的理想场所,应加强保护。
The Zixi Mountain is located in north central Yunnan and is characterized by the obvious change of rainy and dry seasons. The vegetation community is dominated by evergreen broadleaved forest, with some land patches covered by pine tree succession. The Zixishan Provincial Nature Reserve was established in 1994,but data on avian species richness are limited since then. Here, we used a combination of line transects, direct counts, observations from high vantage points, night sound recordings, and infrared camera traps, to survey avian species richness during winter in the Zixi Mountain(n = 8 years, 2010-2017). The results showed that 177 species from 14 orders and 51 families were detected, which accounted for 19% of the 945 species of birds known to occur in Yunnan Province. Nine of these species were first records of Chuxiong Prefecture. Among 177 species detected, 147(83.05%) were residents, 29(16.38%) were migrants and 1 was occasionally encountered, which suggested residents were the majority for avian communities in winter. From regression analysis, winter species richness was positively correlated with breeding season precipitation, from which we hypothesized that breeding season precipitation contributes to the reproduction and species diversity of birds, and influencing avian winter species richness in Zixi Mountain. We detected 22 endangered bird species, and the species richness of birds in Zixi Mountain was higher than in rural areas of Chuxiong Prefecture. This suggests that Zixi Mountain is an important area for maintaining avian biodiversity in Central Yunnan.
The Zixi Mountain is located in north central Yunnan and is characterized by the obvious change of rainy and dry seasons. The vegetation community is dominated by evergreen broadleaved forest, with some land patches covered by pine tree succession. The Zixishan Provincial Nature Reserve was established in 1994,but data on avian species richness are limited since then. Here, we used a combination of line transects, direct counts, observations from high vantage points, night sound recordings, and infrared camera traps, to survey avian species richness during winter in the Zixi Mountain(n = 8 years, 2010-2017). The results showed that 177 species from 14 orders and 51 families were detected, which accounted for 19% of the 945 species of birds known to occur in Yunnan Province. Nine of these species were first records of Chuxiong Prefecture. Among 177 species detected, 147(83.05%) were residents, 29(16.38%) were migrants and 1 was occasionally encountered, which suggested residents were the majority for avian communities in winter. From regression analysis, winter species richness was positively correlated with breeding season precipitation, from which we hypothesized that breeding season precipitation contributes to the reproduction and species diversity of birds, and influencing avian winter species richness in Zixi Mountain. We detected 22 endangered bird species, and the species richness of birds in Zixi Mountain was higher than in rural areas of Chuxiong Prefecture. This suggests that Zixi Mountain is an important area for maintaining avian biodiversity in Central Yunnan.
引文
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[18]Desalgn A,Subramanian C.Studies on avian diversity in angereb forest and adjacent farm land with reference to rainy and post rainy seasons,Northwestern Ethiopia[J].International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology,2015,3(3):219-225.
[19]Kissling W D,Field R,Korntheuer H,et al.Woody plants and the prediction of climate-change impacts on bird diversity[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2010,365(1549):2035-2045.
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[22]刘桂仙.紫溪山国有林场的发展与思考[J].农业与技术,2015,35(21):65-68.
[23]何萍.云南楚雄气候与旅游[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2006,21(6):77-81.
[24]李国昌,孟广涛,彭发寿,等.滇中紫溪山维管植物区系初步研究[J].林业勘查设计,2010(1):65-69.
[25]李光富.紫溪山珍稀濒危植物区系特征与保护策略的研究[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2006,21(9):65-67.
[26]楚雄州广播电视局.楚雄彝族自治州广播电视志[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1994.
[27]吴金亮.云南楚雄市鸟类多样性的研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),1998,20(5):392-394.
[28]岩道,韩联宪,程闯,等.紫溪山云南松林春季鸟类的垂直空间分布[J].西南林业大学学报,2012,32(1):69-73.
[29]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲力普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].卢何芬,译.长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[30]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017.
[31]杨岚,杨晓君.云南鸟类志:下卷:雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2004.
[32]杨岚.云南鸟类志:上卷:非雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1994.
[33]雷富民,卢建利,刘耀,等.中国鸟类特有种及其分布格局[J].动物学报,2002,48(5):599-610.
[34]雷富民,卢汰春.中国鸟类特有种[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[35]蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551,615.
[36]Pan X Y,Ding Z F,Hu Y M,et al.Elevational pattern of bird species richness and its causes along a central Himalaya gradient,China[J].Peer J,2016,4:e2636.
[37]孙航,高正文.云南省生物多样性名录[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2016.
[38]丁平.中国鸟类生态学的发展与现状[J].动物学杂志,2002,37(3):71-78.
[39]斯幸峰,丁平.欧美陆地鸟类监测的历史、现状与我国的对策[J].生物多样性,2011,19(3):303-310.
[40]崔鹏,徐海根,丁晖,等.我国鸟类监测的现状、问题与对策[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(3):403-408.
[41]张征恺,黄甘霖.中国城市鸟类学研究进展[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3357-3367.
[42]余航,王龙,文俊,等.云南省500年干旱灾害时空分布研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(12):38-44.
[43]曹言,王杰,黄英,等.基于干燥指数的近45年云南滇中地区干湿状况的变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):243-249.
[44]解桂英,赵绍熙,陈刚,等.水资源约束下滇中经济区农业种植结构调整研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(6):25-31.
[45]邝粉良,高顺玉,李冰花,等.楚雄冬春季城郊鸟类多样性初步调查[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2011,26(9):81-85.
[46]Wright D H.Species-energy theory:an extension of species-area theory[J].Oikos,1983,41(3):496.
[47]Hawkins B A,Porter E E,Diniz-Filho J A F.Productivity and history as predictors of the latitudinal diversity gradient of terrestrial birds[J].Ecology,2003,84(6):1608-1623.
[48]岩道,韩联宪,邓章文,等.紫溪山红头长尾山雀巢址选择及巢卵特征[J].西南林业大学学报,2012,32(6):78-82.
[49]雍凡,徐海根,崔鹏,等.中国森林鸟类繁殖季和越冬季分布格局及其影响因子[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(5):658-663.
[2]Rahbek C,Graves G R.Multiscale assessment of patterns of avian species richness[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2001,98(8):4534-4539.
[3]Willig M R,Kaufman D M,Stevens R D.Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity:pattern,process,scale,and synthesis[J].Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,2003,34(1):273-309.
[4]Stevens G C.The elevational gradient in altitudinal range:an extension of Rapoport's latitudinal rule to altitude[J].The American Naturalist,1992,140(6):893-911.
[5]Rahbek C.The role of spatial scale and the perception of large-scale species-richness patterns[J].Ecology Letters,2004,8(2):224-239.
[6]Wu Y J,Colwell R K,Rahbek C,et al.Explaining the species richness of birds along a subtropical elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains[J].Journal of Biogeography,2013,40(12):2310-2323.
[7]Pianka E R.Latitudinal gradients in species diversity:a review of concepts[J].The American Naturalist,1966,100(910):33-46.
[8]Jetz W.Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness[J].Science,2002,297(5586):1548-1551.
[9]McCain C M.Global analysis of bird elevational diversity[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2009,18(3):346-360.
[10]林鑫,王志恒,唐志尧,等.中国陆栖哺乳动物物种丰富度的地理格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):652-663.
[11]王志恒,唐志尧,方精云.物种多样性地理格局的能量假说[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):613-624.
[12]吴永杰,雷富民.物种丰富度垂直分布格局及影响机制[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(5):797-807.
[13]Mér?T O,Lontay L,Lengyel S.Habitat management varying in space and time:the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds[J].Journal of Ornithology,2015,156(3):579-590.
[14]Tingley M W,Ruiz-Gutiérrez V,Wilkerson R L,et al.Pyrodiversity promotes avian diversity over the decade following forest fire[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2016,283(1840):20161703.
[15]Dornelas M,Magurran A E,Buckland S T,et al.Quantifying temporal change in biodiversity:challenges and opportunities[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2013,280(1750):20121931.
[16]Turner J R G,Lennon J J,Lawrenson J A.British bird species distributions and the energy theory[J].Nature,1988,335(6190):539-541.
[17]Lennon J J,Greenwood J J D,Turner J R G.Bird diversity and environmental gradients in Britain:a test of the species-energy hypothesis[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2000,69(4):581-598.
[18]Desalgn A,Subramanian C.Studies on avian diversity in angereb forest and adjacent farm land with reference to rainy and post rainy seasons,Northwestern Ethiopia[J].International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology,2015,3(3):219-225.
[19]Kissling W D,Field R,Korntheuer H,et al.Woody plants and the prediction of climate-change impacts on bird diversity[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2010,365(1549):2035-2045.
[20]Zhang J,Kissling W D,He F L.Local forest structure,climate and human disturbance determine regional distribution of boreal bird species richness in Alberta,Canada[J].Journal of Biogeography,2013,40(6):1131-1142.
[21]Hawkins B A,Field R,Cornell H V,et al.Energy,water,and broad-scale geographic patterns of species richness[J].Ecology,2003,84(12):3105-3117.
[22]刘桂仙.紫溪山国有林场的发展与思考[J].农业与技术,2015,35(21):65-68.
[23]何萍.云南楚雄气候与旅游[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2006,21(6):77-81.
[24]李国昌,孟广涛,彭发寿,等.滇中紫溪山维管植物区系初步研究[J].林业勘查设计,2010(1):65-69.
[25]李光富.紫溪山珍稀濒危植物区系特征与保护策略的研究[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2006,21(9):65-67.
[26]楚雄州广播电视局.楚雄彝族自治州广播电视志[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1994.
[27]吴金亮.云南楚雄市鸟类多样性的研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),1998,20(5):392-394.
[28]岩道,韩联宪,程闯,等.紫溪山云南松林春季鸟类的垂直空间分布[J].西南林业大学学报,2012,32(1):69-73.
[29]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲力普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].卢何芬,译.长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[30]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017.
[31]杨岚,杨晓君.云南鸟类志:下卷:雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2004.
[32]杨岚.云南鸟类志:上卷:非雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1994.
[33]雷富民,卢建利,刘耀,等.中国鸟类特有种及其分布格局[J].动物学报,2002,48(5):599-610.
[34]雷富民,卢汰春.中国鸟类特有种[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[35]蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551,615.
[36]Pan X Y,Ding Z F,Hu Y M,et al.Elevational pattern of bird species richness and its causes along a central Himalaya gradient,China[J].Peer J,2016,4:e2636.
[37]孙航,高正文.云南省生物多样性名录[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2016.
[38]丁平.中国鸟类生态学的发展与现状[J].动物学杂志,2002,37(3):71-78.
[39]斯幸峰,丁平.欧美陆地鸟类监测的历史、现状与我国的对策[J].生物多样性,2011,19(3):303-310.
[40]崔鹏,徐海根,丁晖,等.我国鸟类监测的现状、问题与对策[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(3):403-408.
[41]张征恺,黄甘霖.中国城市鸟类学研究进展[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3357-3367.
[42]余航,王龙,文俊,等.云南省500年干旱灾害时空分布研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(12):38-44.
[43]曹言,王杰,黄英,等.基于干燥指数的近45年云南滇中地区干湿状况的变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):243-249.
[44]解桂英,赵绍熙,陈刚,等.水资源约束下滇中经济区农业种植结构调整研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(6):25-31.
[45]邝粉良,高顺玉,李冰花,等.楚雄冬春季城郊鸟类多样性初步调查[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2011,26(9):81-85.
[46]Wright D H.Species-energy theory:an extension of species-area theory[J].Oikos,1983,41(3):496.
[47]Hawkins B A,Porter E E,Diniz-Filho J A F.Productivity and history as predictors of the latitudinal diversity gradient of terrestrial birds[J].Ecology,2003,84(6):1608-1623.
[48]岩道,韩联宪,邓章文,等.紫溪山红头长尾山雀巢址选择及巢卵特征[J].西南林业大学学报,2012,32(6):78-82.
[49]雍凡,徐海根,崔鹏,等.中国森林鸟类繁殖季和越冬季分布格局及其影响因子[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(5):658-663.