神经内科实习护生针刺伤发生及其对血源性传染病防护知识的知晓状况
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摘要
目的了解实习护生针刺伤发生状况及对艾滋病、乙肝等血源性传染病防护知识知晓状况,为制定科学、合理、有效的防范措施提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法,自行设计问卷表,收集神经内科实习护生一般资料及对艾滋病、乙肝等血源性传染病防护知识知晓状况并分析其影响因素。结果 284名护生中,发生针刺伤62名,发生率为21. 83%,其中发生针刺伤1次为51名,占82. 26%; 2次为10名,占16. 13%;≥3次为1名,占1. 61%。艾滋病、乙肝等血源性传染病防护知识总分≥14分为225名,知晓率为79. 22%,各条目正确率在47. 53%～98. 24%之间;不同学历及是否接受学校职业防护知识培训、实习岗前是否接受职业防护知识培训、实习期间是否接受过职业防护知识培训对神经内科护生对艾滋病、乙肝等血源性传染病防护知识知晓率的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7. 797、7. 027、11. 856、27. 962,P <0. 05); Logistic回归模型结果显示:学历(OR=1. 13,95%CI:0. 84～3. 67)、是否接受学校职业防护知识培训(OR=1. 39,95%CI:2. 16～4. 86)、实习岗前是否接受职业防护知识培训(OR=1. 44,95%CI:1. 11～4. 38)是影响神经内科护生艾滋病、乙肝等血源性传染病防护知识知晓程度的影响因素(P <0. 05)。结论神经内科实习护生针刺伤发生率较高,护生对艾滋病、乙肝等血源性传染病防护知识知晓程度处于中上水平,学历、是否接受学校职业防护知识培训和实习岗前是否接受职业防护知识培训是影响护生对艾滋病、乙肝等血源性传染病防护知识知晓程度的重要因素。
Objective To get an insight into the occurrence of needle stick injuries and the awareness of the prevention and treatment of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B among nursing students,and to provide reference for the development of scientific,reasonable and effective preventive measures. Methods In a questionnaire survey,self-designed questionnaires were used to collect general information on neurology internships and their knowledge about AIDS,hepatitis B and other blood-borne infectious diseases and to analyze their influencing factors. Results Among the 284 nursing students,62 students had needle-stick injury,with an incidence of 21. 83%. Among them,51 students had needle-stick injury once,accounting for 82. 26%,10 students for 2 times,accounting for 16. 3%,and one participant(1. 61%) for more than 3 times. There was a total of 225 students who scored more than 14 on knowledge of prevention about blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B,with the awareness rate of79. 22%. The correct rate of each item was between 47. 53% and 98. 24%. There were statistically significant differences in awareness rate of protection against HIV/AIDS,hepatitis B and other blood-borne infectious diseases among neurological nursing students in terms of different education backgrounds,whether to receive school occupational protection knowledge training,whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training before internship,whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training during internship(χ~2= 7. 797,7. 027,11. 856,27. 962,P < 0. 05). Logistic regression model results showed that education(OR = 1. 13,95%CI: 0. 84 ～ 3. 67),whether to receive school occupational protection knowledge training(OR = 1. 39,95% CI: 2. 16 ～ 4. 86),whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training before internship(OR = 1. 44,95% CI: 1. 11 ～ 4. 38) were the influencing factors affecting the knowledge of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B in neurology nursing students(P< 0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of needle stick injuries in neurology internship nursing students is high. The awareness of the protection knowledge of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B is at the upper-middle level. Education backgrounds,whether to receive school occupational protection knowledge training and whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training before internship are important factors affecting the awareness of nursing students on the knowledge of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS,hepatitis B.
Objective To get an insight into the occurrence of needle stick injuries and the awareness of the prevention and treatment of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B among nursing students,and to provide reference for the development of scientific,reasonable and effective preventive measures. Methods In a questionnaire survey,self-designed questionnaires were used to collect general information on neurology internships and their knowledge about AIDS,hepatitis B and other blood-borne infectious diseases and to analyze their influencing factors. Results Among the 284 nursing students,62 students had needle-stick injury,with an incidence of 21. 83%. Among them,51 students had needle-stick injury once,accounting for 82. 26%,10 students for 2 times,accounting for 16. 3%,and one participant(1. 61%) for more than 3 times. There was a total of 225 students who scored more than 14 on knowledge of prevention about blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B,with the awareness rate of79. 22%. The correct rate of each item was between 47. 53% and 98. 24%. There were statistically significant differences in awareness rate of protection against HIV/AIDS,hepatitis B and other blood-borne infectious diseases among neurological nursing students in terms of different education backgrounds,whether to receive school occupational protection knowledge training,whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training before internship,whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training during internship(χ~2= 7. 797,7. 027,11. 856,27. 962,P < 0. 05). Logistic regression model results showed that education(OR = 1. 13,95%CI: 0. 84 ～ 3. 67),whether to receive school occupational protection knowledge training(OR = 1. 39,95% CI: 2. 16 ～ 4. 86),whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training before internship(OR = 1. 44,95% CI: 1. 11 ～ 4. 38) were the influencing factors affecting the knowledge of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B in neurology nursing students(P< 0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of needle stick injuries in neurology internship nursing students is high. The awareness of the protection knowledge of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis B is at the upper-middle level. Education backgrounds,whether to receive school occupational protection knowledge training and whether to receive occupational protection knowledge training before internship are important factors affecting the awareness of nursing students on the knowledge of blood-borne infectious diseases such as AIDS,hepatitis B.
引文
[1]任晓冉,徐莎莎,画妍,等.临床实习不同阶段护生针刺伤发生情况及其防护教育现状调查[J].中国实用护理杂志,2015,35(25):1882-1884.
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[4]易清萍,汤娟. 43名实习护士血源性职业暴露危险因素分析与对策[J].全科护理,2017,15(22):2796-2797.
[5] CHEUNG K,HO SC,CHING SS,et al. Analysis of needlestick injuries among nursing students in Hong Kong[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention,2010,42(6):1744-1750.
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[7]邸红军,施月仙,司帷,等.护生进入临床实习前针刺伤相关知识和态度的现状调查[J].中国感染控制杂志,2016,15(10):791-795.
[8]白晶,张义,程庆学,等.陕西省商洛市城区二级以上医疗机构涉产人员血源性职业暴露及危险因素分析[J].医学动物防制,2017,34(4):396-398.
[9]孙海秋,游俊莉,陈钢妹,等.国内护理实习生针刺伤发生率的荟萃分析[J].中国实用护理杂志,2014,30(10):37-40.
[10]罗薇,胡博,麻明明,等.实习护生职业防护现状调查与分析[J].中华现代护理杂志,2016,22(34):5002-5004.
[11]白晶,张义,程庆学,等.陕西省商洛市城区二级以上医疗机构涉产人员血源性职业暴露及危险因素分析[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(4):396-398.
[12]杨晓艳,聂志芳,杨芳.某三级教学医院护生对职业暴露的认知与防护[J].医药卫生(引文版),2016,24(2):292-293.
[13]方惠娟,周艳芝,邓晓辉,等.实习护士职业暴露现况调查[J].中国感染控制杂志,2016,15(8):624-626.
[14]姜俊,陈宜刚,陈鲁.实习前开展职业防护补偿教育对护生职业防护能力的影响[J].护理研究,2016,30(29):3659-3661.
[15]吕治,郭青青,苏建荣.加强医学生实习阶段的职业防护教育[J].检验医学与临床,2016,13(1):340-341.
[2]熊洁.神经内科医务人员针刺伤原因分析及防范对策研究[C]//中华医学会,中华医学会神经病学分会.中国脑血管病大会论文集,长沙,2014:449-450.
[3]肖珊,王平.实习护士针刺伤调查分析及防护措施[J].医疗装备,2016,29(3):194-195.
[4]易清萍,汤娟. 43名实习护士血源性职业暴露危险因素分析与对策[J].全科护理,2017,15(22):2796-2797.
[5] CHEUNG K,HO SC,CHING SS,et al. Analysis of needlestick injuries among nursing students in Hong Kong[J]. Accident Analysis&Prevention,2010,42(6):1744-1750.
[6]沈卓亚.多元化职业防护教育用于预防护生针刺伤效果观察[J].现代实用医学,2016,28(6):828-829.
[7]邸红军,施月仙,司帷,等.护生进入临床实习前针刺伤相关知识和态度的现状调查[J].中国感染控制杂志,2016,15(10):791-795.
[8]白晶,张义,程庆学,等.陕西省商洛市城区二级以上医疗机构涉产人员血源性职业暴露及危险因素分析[J].医学动物防制,2017,34(4):396-398.
[9]孙海秋,游俊莉,陈钢妹,等.国内护理实习生针刺伤发生率的荟萃分析[J].中国实用护理杂志,2014,30(10):37-40.
[10]罗薇,胡博,麻明明,等.实习护生职业防护现状调查与分析[J].中华现代护理杂志,2016,22(34):5002-5004.
[11]白晶,张义,程庆学,等.陕西省商洛市城区二级以上医疗机构涉产人员血源性职业暴露及危险因素分析[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(4):396-398.
[12]杨晓艳,聂志芳,杨芳.某三级教学医院护生对职业暴露的认知与防护[J].医药卫生(引文版),2016,24(2):292-293.
[13]方惠娟,周艳芝,邓晓辉,等.实习护士职业暴露现况调查[J].中国感染控制杂志,2016,15(8):624-626.
[14]姜俊,陈宜刚,陈鲁.实习前开展职业防护补偿教育对护生职业防护能力的影响[J].护理研究,2016,30(29):3659-3661.
[15]吕治,郭青青,苏建荣.加强医学生实习阶段的职业防护教育[J].检验医学与临床,2016,13(1):340-341.