基于标记–重捕模型开展野生动物红外相机种群监测的方法及案例
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摘要
红外相机技术的广泛应用推动了动物种群生态学研究方法的发展和革新,特别是基于标记–重捕模型框架通过非损伤取样方式对物种数量和密度等种群参数的可靠估计,为保护濒危物种和评估保护成效提供了有力的科学依据。对于身体上具有独特天然标记的动物(如多数猫科动物),可依据红外相机拍摄身体上的独特斑点或条纹鉴别个体,再运用标记–重捕模型,估计动物种群数量、密度等参数。本文概述了标记–重捕模型的基本原理、特点以及国内外的应用,特别是近年来发展出的空间标记–重捕模型。总结了从相机布设到数据分析的具体流程、操作原则,并以青城山家猫为实例,展示了应用红外相机数据通过空间标记–重捕模型估计种群密度和数量的基本步骤。最后展望了该模型在种群动态、景观廊道设计、资源选择等方面的应用和发展趋势。
The widespread use of camera trap promoted the development and innovation in wildlife population ecology research. Capture-recapture as a non-invasive sampling method can reliably estimate population parameters such as abundance and density, providing crucial information on endangered species protection and the effectiveness of conservation management. For animals with unique natural markings,such as felids, spots or stripes on the body recorded by camera traps can be used to identify individuals, and in turn to estimate population parameters based on capture-recapture models. In this review paper, we discuss the basic principle and application of capture-recapture research worldwide, with a focus on spatial capture-recapture models. We then summarize the operational procedures and considerations from camera deploy to data analyses. Using stray cat in Qingchengshan as an example we demonstrate the basic steps for using camera trap data to estimate population density and abundance through spatial capture-recapture models. Finally, we discuss the future development of capture-recapture models in studying population dynamics, landscape corridor design and resource selection.
The widespread use of camera trap promoted the development and innovation in wildlife population ecology research. Capture-recapture as a non-invasive sampling method can reliably estimate population parameters such as abundance and density, providing crucial information on endangered species protection and the effectiveness of conservation management. For animals with unique natural markings,such as felids, spots or stripes on the body recorded by camera traps can be used to identify individuals, and in turn to estimate population parameters based on capture-recapture models. In this review paper, we discuss the basic principle and application of capture-recapture research worldwide, with a focus on spatial capture-recapture models. We then summarize the operational procedures and considerations from camera deploy to data analyses. Using stray cat in Qingchengshan as an example we demonstrate the basic steps for using camera trap data to estimate population density and abundance through spatial capture-recapture models. Finally, we discuss the future development of capture-recapture models in studying population dynamics, landscape corridor design and resource selection.
引文
Alexander JS,Gopalaswamy AM,Shi K,Riordan P(2015)Face value:Towards robust estimates of snow leopard densities.PLoS ONE,10,e0134815.
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Balme GA,Hunter LTB,Slotow R(2009)Evaluating methods for counting cryptic carnivores.Journal of Wildlife Management,73,433-441.
Borchers DL,Efford M(2008)Spatially explicit maximum likelihood methods for capture-recapture studies.Biometrics,64,377-385.
Duangchantrasiri S,Umponjan M,Simcharoen S,Pattanavibool A,Chaiwattana S,Maneerat S,Kumar N,Jathanna D,Srivathsa A,Karanth KU(2016)Dynamics of a lowdensity tiger population in Southeast Asia in the context of improved law enforcement.Conservation Biology,30,639-648.
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Fuller AK,Sutherland CS,Royle JA,Hare MP(2016)Estimating population density and connectivity of American mink using spatial capture-recapture.Ecological Applications,26,1125-1135.
Gardner B,Reppucci J,Lucherini M,Royle JA(2010)Spatially explicit inference for open populations:Estimating demographic parameters from camera-trap studies.Ecology,91,3376-3383.
Gerber BD,Karpanty SM,Kelly MJ(2012)Evaluating the potential biases in carnivore capture-recapture studies associated with the use of lure and varying density estimation techniques using photographic-sampling data of the Malagasy civet.Population Ecology,54,43-54.
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Gopalaswamy AM,Royle JA,Delampady M,Nichols JD,Karanth KU,Macdonald DW(2012)Density estimation in tiger populations:Combining information for strong inference.Ecology,93,1741-1751.
Gray TNE,Prum S(2012)Leopard density in post-conflict landscape,Cambodia:Evidence from spatially explicit capture-recapture.Journal of Wildlife Management,76,163-169.
Hearn AJ,Ross J,Bernard H,Bakar SA,Hunter LTB,Macdonald DW(2016)The first estimates of marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata population density from Bornean primary and selectively logged forest.PLoS ONE,11,e0151046.
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Jackson RM,Roe JD,Wangchuk R,Hunter DO(2006)Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques.Wildlife Society Bulletin,34,772-781.
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Karanth KU(1995)Estimating tiger Panthera tigris populations from camera-trap data using capture-recapture models.Biological Conservation,71,333-338.
Karanth KU,Nichols JD(1998)Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures.Ecology,79,2852-2862.
Karanth KU,Nichols JD,Kumar NS,Hines JE(2006)Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling.Ecology,87,2925-2937.
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Kelly MJ,Noss AJ,Di Bitetti MS,Maffei L,Arispe RL,Paviolo A,De Angelo CD,Di Blanco YE(2008)Estimating puma densities from camera trapping across three study sites:Bolivia,Argentina,and Belize.Journal of Mammalogy,89,408-418.
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Lincoln FC(1930)Calculating waterfowl abundance on the basis of banding returns.United States Department of Agriculture,Circular,118,1-4.
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Luskin MS,Albert WR,Tobler MW(2017)Sumatran tiger survival threatened by deforestation despite increasing densities in parks.Nature Communications,8,1783.
Ma M,Xu F,Chundawat RS,Jumabay K,Wu YQ,Ai ZZ,Zhu MH(2006)Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains.Acta Zoologica Sinica,52,788-793.(in Chinese with English abstract)[马鸣,徐峰,Chundawat RS,Jumabay K,吴逸群,艾则孜,朱玛洪(2006)利用自动照相术获得天山雪豹拍摄率与个体数量.动物学报,52,788-793.]
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Parmenter RR,Yates TL,Anderson DR,Burnham KP,Dunnum JL,Franklin AB,Friggens MT,Lubow BC,Miller M,Olson GS(2003)Small-mammal density estimation:A field comparison of grid-based vs.web-based density estimators.Ecological Monographs,73,1-26.
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Balme GA,Hunter LTB,Slotow R(2009)Evaluating methods for counting cryptic carnivores.Journal of Wildlife Management,73,433-441.
Borchers DL,Efford M(2008)Spatially explicit maximum likelihood methods for capture-recapture studies.Biometrics,64,377-385.
Duangchantrasiri S,Umponjan M,Simcharoen S,Pattanavibool A,Chaiwattana S,Maneerat S,Kumar N,Jathanna D,Srivathsa A,Karanth KU(2016)Dynamics of a lowdensity tiger population in Southeast Asia in the context of improved law enforcement.Conservation Biology,30,639-648.
Efford MG(2004)Density estimation in live-trapping studies.Oikos,106,598-610.
Fuller AK,Sutherland CS,Royle JA,Hare MP(2016)Estimating population density and connectivity of American mink using spatial capture-recapture.Ecological Applications,26,1125-1135.
Gardner B,Reppucci J,Lucherini M,Royle JA(2010)Spatially explicit inference for open populations:Estimating demographic parameters from camera-trap studies.Ecology,91,3376-3383.
Gerber BD,Karpanty SM,Kelly MJ(2012)Evaluating the potential biases in carnivore capture-recapture studies associated with the use of lure and varying density estimation techniques using photographic-sampling data of the Malagasy civet.Population Ecology,54,43-54.
Goldberg JF,Tempa T,Norbu N,Hebblewhite M,Mills LS,Wangchuk TR,Lukacs P(2015)Examining temporal sample scale and model choice with spatial capture-recapture models in the common leopard Panthera pardus.PLoSONE,10,e0140757.
Gopalaswamy AM,Royle JA,Delampady M,Nichols JD,Karanth KU,Macdonald DW(2012)Density estimation in tiger populations:Combining information for strong inference.Ecology,93,1741-1751.
Gray TNE,Prum S(2012)Leopard density in post-conflict landscape,Cambodia:Evidence from spatially explicit capture-recapture.Journal of Wildlife Management,76,163-169.
Hearn AJ,Ross J,Bernard H,Bakar SA,Hunter LTB,Macdonald DW(2016)The first estimates of marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata population density from Bornean primary and selectively logged forest.PLoS ONE,11,e0151046.
Heilbrun RD,Silvy NJ,Peterson MJ,Tewes ME(2006)Estimating bobcat abundance using automatically triggered cameras.Wildlife Society Bulletin,34,69-73.
Jackson RM,Roe JD,Wangchuk R,Hunter DO(2006)Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques.Wildlife Society Bulletin,34,772-781.
Johnson A,Vongkhamheng C,Hedemark M,Saithongdam T(2006)Effects of human-carnivore conflict on tiger(Panthera tigris)and prey populations in Lao PDR.Animal Conservation,9,421-430.
Karanth KU(1995)Estimating tiger Panthera tigris populations from camera-trap data using capture-recapture models.Biological Conservation,71,333-338.
Karanth KU,Nichols JD(1998)Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures.Ecology,79,2852-2862.
Karanth KU,Nichols JD,Kumar NS,Hines JE(2006)Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling.Ecology,87,2925-2937.
Karki JB,Pandav B,Jnawali SR,Shrestha R,Pradhan NMB,Lamichane BR,Khanal P,Subedi N,Jhala YV(2015)Estimating the abundance of Nepal’s largest population of tigers Panthera tigris.Oryx,49,150-156.
Kelly MJ,Noss AJ,Di Bitetti MS,Maffei L,Arispe RL,Paviolo A,De Angelo CD,Di Blanco YE(2008)Estimating puma densities from camera trapping across three study sites:Bolivia,Argentina,and Belize.Journal of Mammalogy,89,408-418.
Lebreton JD,Burnham KP,Clobert J,Anderson DR(1992)Modeling survival and testing biological hypotheses using marked animals:A unified approach with case studies.Ecological Monographs,62,67-118.
Lincoln FC(1930)Calculating waterfowl abundance on the basis of banding returns.United States Department of Agriculture,Circular,118,1-4.
Linden DW,Siren APK,Pekins PJ(2018)Integrating telemetry data into spatial capture-recapture modifies inferences on multi-scale resource selection.Ecosphere,9,e02203.
Luskin MS,Albert WR,Tobler MW(2017)Sumatran tiger survival threatened by deforestation despite increasing densities in parks.Nature Communications,8,1783.
Ma M,Xu F,Chundawat RS,Jumabay K,Wu YQ,Ai ZZ,Zhu MH(2006)Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains.Acta Zoologica Sinica,52,788-793.(in Chinese with English abstract)[马鸣,徐峰,Chundawat RS,Jumabay K,吴逸群,艾则孜,朱玛洪(2006)利用自动照相术获得天山雪豹拍摄率与个体数量.动物学报,52,788-793.]
Muneza AB,Linden DW,Montgomery RA,Dickman AJ,Roloff GJ,Macdonald DW,Fennessy JT(2017)Examining disease prevalence for species of conservation concern using non-invasive spatial capture-recapture techniques.Journal of Applied Ecology,54,709-717.
Ngoprasert D,Reed DH,Steinmetz R,Gale GA(2012)Density estimation of Asian bears using photographic capture-recapture sampling based on chest marks.Ursus,23,117-133.
O’Brien TG,Kinnaird MF,Wibisono HT(2003)Crouching tigers,hidden prey:Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation,6,131-139.
O’Connell AF,Nichols JD,Karanth KU(2011)Camera Traps in Animal Ecology.Springer,Tokyo.
Otis DL,Burnham KP,White GC,Anderson DR(1978)Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations.Wildlife Monographs,62,3-135.
Parmenter RR,Yates TL,Anderson DR,Burnham KP,Dunnum JL,Franklin AB,Friggens MT,Lubow BC,Miller M,Olson GS(2003)Small-mammal density estimation:A field comparison of grid-based vs.web-based density estimators.Ecological Monographs,73,1-26.
Petersen CGJ(1896)The yearly immigration of young plaice into the Limfjord from the German Sea.Report of the Danish Biological Station 1895,6,5-84.
Pollock KH(1982)A capture-recapture design robust to unequal probability of capture.Journal of Wildlife Management,46,752-757.
Proffitt KM,Goldberg JF,Hebblewhite M,Russell R,Jimenez BS,Robinson HS,Pilgrim K,Schwartz MK(2015)Integrating resource selection into spatial capture-recapture models for large carnivores.Ecosphere,6,239.
Rayan DM,Mohamad SW,Dorward L,Aziz SA,Clements GR,Wong CTC,Traeholt C,Magintan D(2012)Estimating the population density of the Asian tapir(Tapirus indicus)in a selectively logged forest in Peninsular Malaysia.Integrative Zoology,7,373-380.
Reppucci J,Gardner B,Lucherini M(2011)Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes.Journal of Mammalogy,92,140-147.
Royle JA,Chandler RB,Gazenski KD,Graves TA(2013)Spatial capture-recapture models for jointly estimating population density and landscape connectivity.Ecology,94,287-294.
Royle JA,Chandler RB,Sollmann R,Gardner B(2014)Spatial Capture-recapture.Academic Press,New York.
Royle JA,Dorazio RM(2008)Hierarchical Modeling and Inference in Ecology:The Analysis of Data from Populations,Metapopulations and Communities.Academic Press,San Diego.
Royle JA,Fuller AK,Sutherland C(2016)Spatial capturerecapture models allowing Markovian transience or dispersal.Population Ecology,58,53-62.
Royle JA,Fuller AK,Sutherland C(2018)Unifying population and landscape ecology with spatial capture-recapture.Ecography,41,444-456.
Royle JA,Karanth KU,Gopalaswamy AM,Kumar NS(2009a)Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture-recapture models.Ecology,90,3233-3244.
Royle JA,Magoun AJ,Gardner B,Valkenburg P,Lowell RE(2011)Density estimation in a wolverine population using spatial capture-recapture models.Journal of Wildlife Management,75,604-611.
Royle JA,Nichols JD,Karanth KU,Gopalaswamy AM(2009b)A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera-trap studies.Journal of Applied Ecology,46,118-127.
Schaub M,Royle JA(2014)Estimating true instead of apparent survival using spatial Cormack-Jolly-Seber models.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,5,1316-1326.
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